Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T07:45:19.819Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

24 - Future Research on Glacially Triggered Faulting and Intraplate Seismicity

from Part VII - Outlook

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2021

By
Odleiv Olesen ,
Holger Steffen  and
Raimo Sutinen
Edited by
Holger Steffen ,
Odleiv Olesen  and
Raimo Sutinen
Holger Steffen
Affiliation:
Lantmäteriet, Sweden
Odleiv Olesen
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Norway
Raimo Sutinen
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Finland
Get access

Summary

This chapter summarizes the book with a focus on the future of glacially triggered faulting research. The concept of glacially triggered faulting is challenged by new results from Fennoscandia documenting several episodes of fault rupture within the past 14,000 years. We speculate that some of these ruptures at known (or potential) glacially induced faults may not be due to glacially triggered faulting but may contain a signature of tectonically driven intraplate seismicity. Glacially triggered faulting cannot be totally ignored though for these episodes, since the ongoing rebound of the lithosphere is continuously increasing glacially induced stresses that can eventually be released under favourable conditions. As those conditions can only be described by a complex 4-dimensional model, simple identification of glacially induced faults is hampered. Precise dating of the younger fault ruptures is especially important to produce the necessary spatiotemporal image. The intended DAFNE drilling and subsequent in situ observations of the Pärvie Fault combined with numerical modelling will contribute to an improved understanding of the fault mechanism.

Keywords

Glacially Triggered FaultingGlacially Induced FaultGlacial Isostatic AdjustmentIntraplate SeismicityEarthquake Hazard AssessmentCoulomb Failure StressStress ReleaseStress TransferForebulgeConceptual Model
Type
Chapter
Information
Glacially-Triggered Faulting , pp. 419 - 428
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, J., Wetmiller, R. J., Hasegawa, H. S. and Drysdale, J. (1991). The first surface faulting from a historical intraplate earthquake in North America. Nature, 352, 617–619, doi.org/10.1038/352617a0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Araki, E., Saffer, D.M., Kopf, A. et al. (2017). Recurring and triggered slow-slip events near the trench at the Nankai Trough subduction megathrust. Science, 16, 1157–1160, doi.org/10.1126/science.aan3120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandes, C., Winsemann, J., Roskosch, J. et al. (2012). Activity along the Osning Thrust in Central Europe during the Lateglacial: ice-sheet and lithosphere interactions. Quaternary Science Reviews, 38, 49–62, doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.01.021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandes, C., Steffen, H., Steffen, R. and Wu, P. (2015). Intraplate seismicity in northern Central Europe is induced by the last glaciation. Geology, 43, 611–614, doi.org/10.1130/G36710.1.Google Scholar
Brandes, C., Steffen, H., Sandersen, P. B. E., Wu, P. and Winsemann, J. (2018). Glacially induced faulting along the NW segment of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone, northern Denmark: implications for neotectonics and Lateglacial fault-bound basin formation. Quaternary Science Reviews, 189, 149–168, doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.03.036.Google Scholar
Bungum, H. and Olesen, O. (2005). The 31st of August 1819 Lurøy earthquake revisited. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 85, 245–252.Google Scholar
Calais, E., Camelbeeck, T., Stein, S., Liu, M. and Craig, T. J. (2016). A new paradigm for large earthquakes in stable continental plate interiors. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 10,621–10,637, doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070815.Google Scholar
Clark, D., McPherson, A. and Van Dissen, R. (2012). Long-term behaviour of Australian stable continental region (SCR) faults. Tectonophysics, 566, 1–30, doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.07.004.Google Scholar
Dumais, M. A., Olesen, O., Gernigon, L., Johansen, S. and Brönner, M. (2020). Delineating the geological settings of the southern Fram Strait with state-of-the-art aeromagnetic data. In Nakrem, H. A. and Husås, A. M., eds., 34th Nordic Geological Winter Meeting January 8th–10th 2020, Oslo, Norway. Abstracts and Proceedings of the Geological Society of Norway, 1, 2020, p. 51.Google Scholar
Gradmann, S., Olesen, O., Keiding, M. and Maystrenko, Y. (2018). The regional 3D stress field of Nordland, northern Norway – insights from numerical modelling. In Olesen, O., Janutyte, I., Michálek, J. et al., eds., Neotectonics in Nordland – Implications for petroleum exploration (NEONOR2). NGU Report 2018.010, pp. 215–240.Google Scholar
Janutyte, I. and Lindholm, C. (2017). Earthquake source mechanisms in onshore and offshore Nordland, northern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 97(3), 227–239, doi.org/10.17850/njg97-3-0.Google Scholar
Johnston, A. C. (1987). Suppression of earthquakes by large continental ice sheets. Nature, 330, 467–469, doi.org/10.1038/330467a0.Google Scholar
Juhlin, C., Dehghannejad, M., Lund, B., Malehmir, A. and Pratt, G. (2010). Reflection seismic imaging of the end-glacial Pärvie Fault system, northern Sweden. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 70, 307–316, doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.06.004.Google Scholar
Kujansuu, R. (1964). Nuorista siirroksista Lapissa [Recent faults in Lapland]. Geologi, 16, 30–36 (in Finnish).Google Scholar
Lagerbäck, R. and Sundh, M. (2008). Early Holocene faulting and paleoseismicity in northern Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, C836, 80 pp.Google Scholar
Lindholm, C. (2019). Jordskjelv i Norge [Earthquakes in Norway]. In Bjøru, S., Wiig, H., Woldsengen, V. and Engen, S., eds., Fjellsprengningsdagen [Rock Blasting Day]. Oslo, 21 November 2019. Norsk forening for fjellsprengningsteknikk, Norsk Bergmekanikkgruppe & Norsk Geoteknisk Forening, pp. 8.1–8.13, nff.no/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/05/198431-Fjellsprengningsbok-2019-minnepenn-web.pdfGoogle Scholar
Liu, M. and Stein, S. (2016). Mid-continental earthquakes: spatiotemporal occurrences, causes, and hazards. Earth-Science Reviews, 162, 364–386, doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.09.016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lough, A. C., Wiens, D. A. and Nyblade, A. (2018). Reactivation of ancient Antarctic rift zones by intraplate seismicity. Nature Geoscience, 11(7), 515–519, doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0140-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lundqvist, J. and Lagerbäck, R. (1976). The Pärve Fault: a late-glacial fault in the Precambrian of Swedish Lapland. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 98, 45–51, doi.org/10.1080/11035897609454337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Løvø, G. (2019). Østlandet ble rystet av kraftige jordskjelv: – Må ha blitt oppfattet som ragnarok av forfedrene våre [Eastern Norway was shaken by powerful earthquakes: must have been perceived as Ragnarök by our ancestors]. forskning.no/geofag-norges-geologiske-undersokelse-partner/ostlandet-ble-rystet-av-kraftige-jordskjelv-ma-ha-blitt-oppfattet-som-ragnarok-av-forfedrene-vare/1354661.Google Scholar
Mangerud, J., Birks, H. H., Halvorsen, L. S. et al. (2018). The timing of deglaciation and sequence of pioneer vegetation at Ringsaker, eastern Norway – and an earthquake-triggered landslide. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 98, 315–332, doi.org/10.17850/njg98-3-03.Google Scholar
Mäntyniemi, P. B., Sørensen, M. B., Tatevossian, T. N., Tatevossian, R. E. and Lund, B. (2020). A reappraisal of the Lurøy, Norway, earthquake of 31 August 1819. Seismological Research Letters, 91, 2462–2472, doi.org/10.1785/0220190363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, A. E. K., Markovaara-Koivisto, M., Middleton, M. et al. (2018). Dating of paleolandslides in western Finnish Lapland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 43(11), 2449–2462, doi.org/10.1002/esp.4408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, A. E. K., Mattila, J., Hämäläinen, J. and Sutinen, R. (2019). Lake sediment evidence of paleoseismicity: timing and spatial occurrence of late- and postglacial earthquakes in Finland. Tectonophysics, 771, 228227, doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.228227.Google Scholar
Olesen, O. (1988). The Stuoragurra fault, evidence of neotectonics in the Precambrian of Finnmark, northern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 68, 107–118.Google Scholar
Olsen, L. and Høgaas, F. (2020) “Shaken, Not Stirred”: Mosaic Sand – A Semi-liquefaction Phenomenon Originating from Strong Earthquakes. NGU Report 2020.020, 32 pp.Google Scholar
Palmu, J.-P., Ojala, A. E. K., Ruskeeniemi, T., Sutinen, R. and Mattila, J. (2015). LiDAR DEM detection and classification of postglacial faults and seismically-induced landforms in Finland: a paleoseismic database. GFF, 137(4), 344–352, doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2015.1068370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, Z. and Gomberg, J. (2010). An integrated perspective of the continuum between earth-quakes and slow-slip phenomena. Nature Geoscience, 3(9), 599–607, doi.org10.1038/ngeo940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. A., Sundh, M. and Mikko, H. (2014). Surficial geology indicates early Holocene faulting and seismicity, central Sweden. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 103(6), 1711–1724, doi.org/10.1007/s00531-014-1025-6.Google Scholar
Steffen, R., Steffen, H., Wu, P. and Eaton, D. W. (2014a). Stress and fault parameters affecting fault slip magnitude and activation time during a glacial cycle. Tectonics, 33, 1461–1476, doi.org/10.1002/2013TC003450.Google Scholar
Steffen, R., Wu, P., Steffen, H. and Eaton, D. W. (2014b). On the implementation of faults in finite-element glacial isostatic adjustment models. Computers & Geosciences, 62, 150–159, doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.06.012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steffen, H., Steffen, R. and Tarasov, L. (2019). Modelling of glacially-induced stress changes in Latvia, Lithuania and the Kaliningrad District of Russia. Baltica, 32(1), 78–90, doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2019.1.7.Google Scholar
Steffen, R., Steffen, H., Weiss, R. et al. (2020). Early Holocene Greenland-ice mass loss likely triggered earthquakes and tsunami. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 546, 116443, doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116443.Google Scholar
Sutinen, R., Aro, I., Närhi, P., Piekkari, M. and Middleton, M. (2014). Maskevarri Ráhhpát in Finnmark, northern Norway – is it an earthquake-induced landform complex? Solid Earth, 5, 683–691, doi.org/10.5194/se-5-683-2014.Google Scholar
Sutinen, R., Andreani, L. and Middleton, M., (2019). Post-Younger Dryas fault instability and de-formations on ice lineations in Finnish Lapland. Geomorphology, 326, 202–212, doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.08.034.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, P. and Hasegawa, H. S. (1996). Induced stresses and fault potential in eastern Canada due to a disc load: a preliminary analysis. Geophysical Journal International, 125, 415–430, doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb00008.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, P., Johnston, P. and Lambeck, K. (1999). Postglacial rebound and fault instability in Fennoscandia. Geophysical Journal International, 139, 657–670, doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00963.x.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×