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17 - Gibbon Phylogenetics and Genomics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2023

By
Lucia Carbone ,
Mariam Okhovat  and
Christian Roos
Edited by
Susan M. Cheyne ,
Carolyn Thompson ,
Peng-Fei Fan  and
Helen J. Chatterjee
Susan M. Cheyne
Affiliation:
Borneo Nature Foundation
Carolyn Thompson
Affiliation:
University College London
Peng-Fei Fan
Affiliation:
Sun Yat-Sen University, China
Helen J. Chatterjee
Affiliation:
University College London
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Summary

The gibbons (family Hylobatidae) occupy a key node in the primate phylogenetic tree. They are characterised by an accelerated rate of evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements. To date, despite much effort, the phylogeny of gibbons remains largely unresolved at the genus level, likely due to rapid divergence of the four genera approximately 5 million years ago. In this chapter we discuss various approaches used to untangle the complex phylogeny of the gibbons. We highlight the unique branching pattern of the gibbon tree, which suggests that the four genera diverged over short evolutionary time. Furthermore, we review how cutting-edge DNA sequencing technologies have improved our understanding of the evolution of the gibbon genome and how this can guide conservation efforts. In particular, we describe the mechanisms that have contributed to the highly rearranged karyotypes of the gibbon genera and how the birth and consequent propagation of the gibbon-specific transposable element LAVA might have shaped the evolution of this lineage by inserting within nearby genes involved in chromosome segregation and DNA repair. As more genetic resources and data are generated from gibbon species, we will gain further insight into the evolutionary history and enable progress towards generating greater infrastructures to conserve these threatened species.

Keywords

gibbon generagenomephylogenychromosomeskaryotypetransposable elements
Type
Chapter
Information
Gibbon Conservation in the Anthropocene , pp. 286 - 301
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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