Chapter 4 is dedicated to German consonants and their allophones. The obstruents – with an emphasis on Final Devoicing – are examined in Section 4.2, the dorsal nasal in Section 4.3, the laryngeal segments in Section 4.4, the dorsal fricatives in Section 4.5 and the glides in Section 4.6. Each section starts with an overview of the distribution of allophones in the syllable and other prosodic domains. In a second step, it is shown how derivational phonology has been used to explain the patterns of allophonic changes from an underlying representation and ordered rules, often in the context of Lexical Phonology. Finally, for each consonantal allophony, a detailed OT analysis is proposed that shows that ranked constraints can replace derivations.