Increasingly since the 1930s, various industries around the world that generate large volumes of liquid byproducts have disposed of their wastes by injecting them into the subsurface of sedimentary basins. In this chapter, we provide two examples of how the application of multicomponent chemical reaction modeling could have prevented catastrophic well failures in Illinois, USA. The first example involves the reaction of a caustic waste stream with the confining layers in a dolomitic accepting formation. In the second example, injection of an acidic waste stream into dolomite resulted in repeated well blowouts.