THE BACKGROUND

Muthammal Palanisamy's story unfolds across three generations on a rubber estate at Malaya. The plantation, called Sungai Wangi, is in a lesser-known district of Perak, peopled by men and women who are lost in history today. Muthammal's biography is peppered with female protagonists — daughters, wives, mothers who had willingly or unwillingly migrated from India in the wake of their menfolk, to find themselves in an unfamiliar and often hostile world. There is Saraswathy, born out of wedlock of a Scottish father and a Tamil mother. With her Caucasian good looks, it did not take long for Saraswathy to be noticed and one Mr Grant, a manager of a neighbouring estate, chose her for his wife. Much to her mother's delight, Saraswathy was whisked off to the manager's bungalow on an open cart drawn by the estate hands. She lived the life of a queen, except those few times when the British agents paid their customary visits — then she would be hastily hidden in the labour lines since a white manager was not allowed a “native” wife. Soon, war loomed large on the horizon and Mr Grant decided to leave Malaya. Saraswathi, with the children born to her in the meantime, was left behind on the estate. But Saraswathy and Mr Grant's tale did not end here — it was discovered a generation later, that the following year Mr Grant had returned to Malaya, this time with his Scottish wife and, unknown to Saraswathy, had settled to a new life of peaceful domesticity.

Again, there is Palaniammal, Muthammal's mother. She grew up on a farm in a remote village of India and was rushed into an unhappy marriage at the age of ten to protect the honour of the Gounder clan to which she belonged.