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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 May 2023
On April 22, 1915, the German chemist Fritz Haber and a hand-selected group of technicians coordinated the first large-scale chlorine gas attack of World War I. In the days that followed this assault against Allied troops, the German state celebrated its supposedly successful use of poison gas and Haber was given a military rank with near total control of future chemical weapons development. Historically, Haber’s attack signified a massive escalation of chemical warfare, which had previously been either rudimentary or conceptual in nature.
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