Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T16:23:35.114Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - The BATSE era

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2012

Gerald J. Fishman
Affiliation:
NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Space Science Office, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
Charles A. Meegan
Affiliation:
Universities Space Research Association, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
Chryssa Kouveliotou
Affiliation:
NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville
Ralph A. M. J. Wijers
Affiliation:
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Stan Woosley
Affiliation:
University of California, Santa Cruz
Get access

Summary

Introduction

This chapter describes advances in gamma-ray burst (GRB) research during the time of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), which was proposed to NASA in 1978, launched into Earth orbit by the Space Shuttle Atlantis in April 1991 as part of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), and de-orbited in June 2000. The chapter focuses primarily on BATSE results, although other advances during this time are also discussed. BATSE was the first large, comprehensive experiment specifically designed to study GRBs.

State of the field in 1991

In the two decades prior to BATSE, and following the initial discovery and observations of GRBs with the Vela spacecraft (see also Chapter 1), considerable observational progress was made by means of other spacecraft. In the 1970s and 1980s, several comprehensive catalogs of GRB time profiles were obtained with the Konus instruments on the Venera spacecraft (Mazets et al. 1981a). Perhaps the most accurate spectrum of a GRB at the time was made over a wide energy range by observations from the gamma-ray spectrometer on the Apollo 16 spacecraft (Metzger et al. 1974).

Observations of GRBs were also made by detectors on many other spacecraft designed for other types of research. These included the proportional counters on the UHURU X-ray astronomy spacecraft (R. Harnden, private communication), solar instruments (OSO-7), lunar and planetary X-ray and gamma-ray instruments, and charged particle detectors designed for magnetospheric studies, such as IMP-6 and IMP-7 (e.g., Cline et al. 1973).

Type
Chapter
Information
Gamma-ray Bursts , pp. 19 - 38
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akerlof, C. et al. (1994). AIPC 307, 633.
Akerlof, C. et al. (1999) Nature 398, 400.
Bagoly, Z., Mészáros, A., Horváth, I., Balázs, L. G., & Mészáros, P. (1998). ApJ 498, 324.
Balázs, L. G., Bagoly, Z., Horváth, I., Mészáros, A., Mészáros, P. (2003). A&A 401, 129.
Band, D. L. et al. (1993). ApJ 413, 281.
Band, D. L. et al. (1994). ApJ 434, 560.
Barat, C. et al. (1998). In Gamma-Ray Bursts, eds: C. A., Meegan, R. D., Preece, & T. M., Koshut, AIP Conf. Proc. 428, 278.
Barat, C. et al. (2000). ApJ 538, 152.
Beloborodov, A. M., Stern, B. E., & Svensson, R. (1998). ApJL 508, L25.
Beloborodov, A. M., Stern, B. E. & Svensson, R. (2000). ApJ 535, 158.
Boer, M. et al. (1999). A&AS 138, 579.
Borgonovo, L. & Björnsson, C.-I. (2006). ApJ 652, 1423.
Bhat, P. N. et al. (1992). Nature 359, 217.
Brainerd, J. J. (1992). Nature 355, 522.
Briggs, M. S. et al. (1993). ApJ 407, 126.
Briggs, M. S. (1995). Ap&SS 231, 3.
Briggs, M. S. et al. (1996). ApJ 459, 40.
Briggs, M. S. et al. (1999a). ApJ 524, 82.
Briggs, M. S. et al. (1999b). ApJS 122, 503.
Briggs, M. S. et al. (1999c). Astro. Lett. & Commun. 39, 237.
Castro-Tirado, A. J. et al. (1994). AIP 307, 17.
Cavallo, G. & Rees, M. (1978). MNRAS 183, 359.
Chattopadhyay, T., Misra, R., Chattopadhyay, A. K., & Naskar, M. (2007). ApJ 667, 1017.
Chen, L. et al. (2005). ApJ 619, 983.
Cline, T. L., Desai, U. D., Klebesadel, R. W., & Strong, I. B. (1973). ApJ 185, L1.
Cline, D., Matthey, C., & Otwinowski, S. (1999). ApJ 527, 827.
Connaughton, V. (1998). Abstract in Proc. 19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology, eds: J., Paul, T., Montmerle, & E., Aubourg (CEA Saclay).
Connors, A. et al. (1993). Adv. Sp. Res. 13, 715.
Crider, A. et al. (1997). ApJL 479, L39.
Dezalay, J.-P. et al. (1992). AIPC 265, 304.
Dezalay, J.-P. et al. (1996). ApJ 471, L27.
Dingus, B., Catelli, J., & Schneid, E. (1998). AIP 428, 349.
Duncan, R., Li, H., & Thompson, C. (1993). AIPC 280, 1074.
Eichler, D., Livio, M., Piran, T., & Schramm, D. (1989). Nature 340, 126.
Eichler, D. & Silk, J. (1992). Science 257, 937.
Fenimore, E. E. (1999). ApJ 518, 375.
Fenimore, E. E, Epstein, R. I., & Ho, C. (1993). A&A Suppl. 97, 59.
Fenimore, E. E, in't Zand, J. J. M., Norris, J. P., Bonnell, J. T., & Nemiroff, R. J. (1995). ApJL 448, L101.
Fishman, G. J., Meegan, C. A., Watts, J. W., & Derrickson, J. H. (1978). ApJ 223, L13.
Fishman, G. J. et al. (1989a). In Proc. GRO Science Workshop, ed. W. N., Johnson, NASA/GSFC: Greenbelt, 2–39.
Fishman, G. J. et al. (1989b). In Proc. GRO Science Workshop, ed. W. N., Johnson, NASA/GSFC: Greenbelt, 3–47.
Fishman, G. J. et al. (1994). Ap&SS 122, 465.
Fishman, G. J. & Meegan, C. A. (1995). ARA&A 33, 415.
Ford, L. A. et al. (1995). ApJ 439, 307.
Giblin, T. W., Kouveliotou, C., & van Paradijs, J. (1998). AIP 428, 241.
Golenetskii, S. V., Mazets, E. P., Aptekar, R. L., & Ilinskii, V. N. (1983). Nature 306, 451.
Gonzalez, M. M., Kaneko, Y., Preece, R., & Dingus, B. L. (2003a). In Gamma-Ray Burst and Afterglow Astronomy 2001, AIP comf. Proc. 662, 267.
Gonzalez, M. M. et al. (2003b). Nature 424, 749.
Goodman, J. (1986). ApJL 308, L47.
Greiner, J. et al. (1995). A&A 302, 121.
Hakkila, J. & Giblin, T. W. (2006). ApJ 646, 1086.
Hakkila, J. et al. (2007). ApJS 169, 62.
Hamilton, T. T., Gotthelf, E. V., & Helfand, D. J. (1996). ApJ 466, 795.
Higdon, J. C. & Lingenfelter, R. E. (1990). ARA&A 28, 401.
Horváth, I. (1998). ApJ 508, 757.
Hurley, K. (1990). Adv. Sp. Res. 10, 179.
Hurley, K. et al. (1994). Nature 372, 652.
Kaneko, Y. et al. (2006). Ap&SS 166, 298.
Kippen, R. M. et al. (1998). ApJ 492, 246.
Kippen, R. M. et al. (2004). AIP 727, 119.
Kolatt, T. & Piran, T. (1996). ApJ 467, L41.
Kommers, J. M. et al. (2000). ApJ 533, 696.
Kommers, J. M. et al. (2001). Ap&SS 134, 385.
Koshut, T. M. et al. (1995). ApJ 452 145.
Koshut, T. M. et al. (1996). ApJ 463, 570.
Kouveliotou, C. et al. (1993a). ApJL 413 L101.
Kouveliotou, C., Paciesas, W. S., Fishman, G. J., Meegan, C. A., & Wilson, R. B. (1993b). A&AS 97, 55.
Krolik, J. H. & Pier, E. A. (1991). ApJ 373, 277.
Laros, J. G. et al. (1984). ApJ 286, 681.
Lee, A., Bloom, E. D., & Petrosian, V. (2000). Ap&SS 131, 1.
Lestrade, J. P. (1994). ApJ 429, L5.
Li, H. & Dermer, C. D. (1992). Nature 359, 514.
Li, H. & Fenimore, E. E. (1996). ApJ 469, L115.
Liang, E. P. & Kargatis, V. (1996). Nature 381, 49.
Link, B. & Epstein, R. I. (1996). ApJ 466, 764.
Lyne, A. & Lorimer, D. R. (1994). Nature 369, 127.
Mao, S. & Paczyński, B. (1992). ApJ 388, L45.
Matz, S. M., Grove, J. E., Johnson, W. N., & Share, G. H. (1996). AIP 384, 52.
Mazets, E. P. & Golenetskii, S. V. (1981). Ap&SS 75, 47.
Mazets, E. P. et al. (1981a). Ap&SS 80 3.
Mazets, E. P. et al. (1981b). Nature 290, 378.
Mazets, E. P. et al. (1982). Ap&SS 82, 261.
Meegan, C. A., Fishman, G. J., & Wilson, R. B. (1984). ApJ 291, 479.
Meegan, C. A. et al. (1992) Nature 355 143.
Meegan, C. A. et al. (1995). ApJ 446, L15.
Meegan, C. A. et al. (1996). Ap&JS 106, 65.
Merck, M. et al. (1995). In Lecture Notes in Physics, eds: J., Greiner, H. W., Duerbeck, & R. E., Gershberg, 454, 358.
Meredith, D. C., Ryan, J. M., Young, C. A., & Lestrade, J. P. (1994) AIP 307, 701.
Mészáros, P. & Rees, M. (1992). MNRAS 257, 29.
Mészáros, P. & Rees, M. (1993). ApJ 405, 278.
Metzger, A. E., Parker, R. H., Gilman, D., Peterson, L. E., & Trombka, J. I. (1974). ApJ 194, L19.
Mitrofanov, I. G. et al. (1998). ApJ 504, 925.
Mitrofanov, I. G. et al. (1999). ApJ 523, 610.
Mitrofanov, I. G. et al. (2004). ApJ 603, 624.
Mochkovich, R., Hernans, M., Isern, J., & Martin, X. (1993). Nature 361, 236.
Mukherjee, S. et al. (1998). ApJ 508, 314.
Murakami, T., Fijii, M., Hayashida, K., Itoh, M., & Nishimura, J. (1988). Nature 335, 234.
Narayan, R., Pazcyński, B., & Piran, T. (1992). ApJ 395, L83.
Narayan, R. & Piran, T. (1993). MNRAS 265, 65.
Nemiroff, R. (1994). AIP 307, 730.
Nemiroff, R. J. et al. (1994). ApJ 423, 432.
Norris, J. P., Cline, T. L., Desai, U. D., & Teegarden, B. J. (1984). Nature 308, 434.
Norris, J. P. et al. (1986). Adv. Sp. Res. 6, 19.
Norris, J. P. et al. (1994). ApJ 424, 540.
Norris, J. P. et al. (1996). ApJ 459, 393.
Norris, J. P., Marani, G. F., & Bonnell, J. T. (2000). ApJ 534, 248.
Norris, J. P., Scargle, J. D., & Bonnell, J. T. (2001). In Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, eds: E., Costa, F., Frontera, & J., Hjorth. Berlin: Springer Verlag, p. 40.
Norris, J. P. (2002). ApJ 579, 386.
Norris, J. P. et al. (2005). ApJ 627, 324.
Paciesas, W. S. et al. (1999). Ap&SS 122, 465.
Pazcyński, B. (1986). ApJ 308, L43.
Pazcyński, B. (1998). AIP 428, 783.
Park, H. S. et al. (1999). A&AS 138, 577.
Pendleton, G. N. et al. (1994). ApJ 431, 416.
Preece, R. D. et al. (1996). ApJ 373, 310.
Preece, R. D. et al. (1998). ApJ 496, 849.
Quashnock, J. & Lamb, D. (1993). MNRAS 265, L45.
Ramirez-Ruiz, E. & Fenimore, E. E. (1999). A&AS 138, 521.
Ramirez-Ruiz, E. & Merloni, A. (2001). MNRAS 320 25.
Rees, M. & Mészáros, P. (1994). ApJ 430, L93.
Richardson, G. et al. (1996). AIC 384, 87.
Rothschild, R. & Lingenfelter, R. (1996). AIPC 366.
Rubin, B. C. et al. (1993). AIP 280, 719.
Ryde, F. (1999). In Gamma-Ray Bursts: The First Three Minutes, ASP Conf. Proc. 190, eds: J., Poutanen & R., Svensson, 103.
Ryde, F. & Petrosian, V. (2002). ApJ 578, 290.
Ryde, F. & Svensson, R. (2002). ApJ 566, 210.
Scargle, J. et al. (1996). AIC 384, 91.
Schaefer, B. et al. (1998). ApJ 492, 696.
Schmidt, M., Higdon, J. C., & Heuter, G. (1988). ApJ 329, L85.
Schmidt, M. (1999). A&AS 138, 409.
Schmidt, M. (2004). ApJ 616, 1072.
Schmidt, W. (1978). Nature 271, 525.
Share, G. H. et al. (1994). AIP 307, 283.
Shemi, A. & Piran, T. (1990). ApJ 365, L55.
Sommer, M. et al. (1994). ApJ 422, L63.
Stern, B. & Svensson, R. (1996). ApJ 496, L109.
Stern, B., Poutanen, J., & Svensson, R. (1999). ApJ 510, 312.
Stern, B. E. et al. (2000). ApJ 240, L21.
Stern, B. E., Beloborodov, A. M., & Poutanen, J. (2001). ApJ 555, 829.
Stern, B. E., Tikhomirova, Ya., & Svensson, R. (2002). ApJ 573, 75.
Teegarden, B. J. (1982). AIP 77, 123.
Tegmark, M. et al. (1996). ApJ 468, 214.
Terekhov, O. V. et al. (2002). Astron. Lett. 28, 353 (also available online at http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/all/phebus.html).
Walker, K. C., Schaefer, B. E., & Fenimore, E. E. (2000). ApJ 537, 264.
Wang, V. & Lingenfelter, R. (1993). ApJ 416, L13.
Wang, V. & Lingenfelter, R. (1995). ApJ 441, 747.
Woosley, S. (1993). ApJ 405, 273.
Wren, D. N., Bertsch, D. L., & Ritz, S. (2002). ApJ 574, L47.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • The BATSE era
    • By Gerald J. Fishman, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Space Science Office, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA, Charles A. Meegan, Universities Space Research Association, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
  • Edited by Chryssa Kouveliotou, NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Stan Woosley, University of California, Santa Cruz
  • Book: Gamma-ray Bursts
  • Online publication: 05 December 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511980336.004
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • The BATSE era
    • By Gerald J. Fishman, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Space Science Office, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA, Charles A. Meegan, Universities Space Research Association, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
  • Edited by Chryssa Kouveliotou, NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Stan Woosley, University of California, Santa Cruz
  • Book: Gamma-ray Bursts
  • Online publication: 05 December 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511980336.004
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • The BATSE era
    • By Gerald J. Fishman, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Space Science Office, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA, Charles A. Meegan, Universities Space Research Association, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
  • Edited by Chryssa Kouveliotou, NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Stan Woosley, University of California, Santa Cruz
  • Book: Gamma-ray Bursts
  • Online publication: 05 December 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511980336.004
Available formats
×