Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T17:38:52.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - Re-inventing Policing

Using Science to Transform Policing

from Part I - Taking Stock of Evidence-Based Policing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2023

By
Peter Neyroud  and
David Weisburd
Edited by
David Weisburd ,
Tal Jonathan-Zamir ,
Gali Perry  and
Badi Hasisi
David Weisburd
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem and George Mason University, Virginia
Tal Jonathan-Zamir
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Gali Perry
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Badi Hasisi
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Get access

Summary

In our 2011 paper on Police Science (Weisburd & Neyroud, 2011) we set our belief that a radical reformation of the role of science in policing will be necessary if policing is to become an arena of evidence-based policies. In this revised and updated version of our paper, we reinforce our argument that the advancement of science in policing is essential if police are to retain public support and legitimacy, cope with recessionary budget reductions, and deal with the myriad of problems that encompass modern police responsibilities. We outline a proposal for a new paradigm that changes the relationship between science and policing. This paradigm demands that the police adopt and advance evidence-based policy and that universities become active participants in the everyday world of police practice. But it also calls for a shift in ownership of police science from the universities to police agencies. Such ownership would facilitate the implementation of evidence-based practices and policies in policing and would change the fundamental relationship between research and practice. We add in this paper a new emphasis to our model that focuses attention to moral and ethical elements of research and practice that are an essential part of science in universities and must become a key element of EBP.

Keywords

PolicingSciencenew paradigmethicsinnovationReformTransformationevidence-based policingownership [of science]academic-police partnerships
Type
Chapter
Information
The Future of Evidence-Based Policing , pp. 44 - 63
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ariel, B., Sutherland, A., Henstock, D., Young, J., & Sosinski, G. (2018). The Deterrence Spectrum: Explaining Why Police Body-Worn Cameras ‘Work’ or ‘Backfire’ in Aggressive Police–Public Encounters. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 12(1), 6–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paw051CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baechler, S. (2019). Do We Need to Know Each Other? Bridging the Gap between the University and the Professional Field. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 13(1), 102–114. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/pax091Google Scholar
Bloom, A., & Currie, D. (2001). A Short History of Vera’s Work on Policing. Vera Institute of Justice.Google Scholar
Bonner, T. N. (2000). Becoming a Physician: Medical Education in Britain, France, Germany, and the United States, 1750–1945. Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Braga, A. A., Turchan, B., Papachristos, A. V., & Hureau, D. M. (2019). Hot Spots Policing of Small Geographic Areas Effects on Crime. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 15(3), 1–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1046Google ScholarPubMed
Braga, A., & Weisburd, D. (2010). Policing Problem Places: Crime Hot Spots and Effective Prevention. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bratton, W. (1998). Crime is Down in New York City: Blame the Police. In Dennis, N. (Ed.), Zero Tolerance: Policing a Free Society (2nd ed). IEA Health and Welfare Unit.Google Scholar
Bratton, W. J., & Knobler, P. (1998). Turnaround: How America’s Top Cop Reversed the Crime Epidemic. Random House.Google Scholar
Carte, G. E., & Carte, E. H. (1973). Police Reform in the United States: The Era of August Vollmer, 1905 1932. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Carter, D. L., & Sapp, A. D. (1990). The Evolution of Higher Education in Law Enforcement: Preliminary Findings from a National Study. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 1(1), 59–85.Google Scholar
Chan, J., Devery, C., & Doran, S. (2003). Fair Cop: Learning the Art of Policing. University of Toronto.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, R. R., Cattarello, A. M., & Johnstone, B. M. (1996). The Effectiveness of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (Project DARE): 5-Year Follow-Up Results. Preventive Medicine, 25(3), 307–318.Google Scholar
Cook, T. D. (2001). Sciencephobia: Why Education Researchers Reject Randomized Experiments. Education Next, 1(3), 63–68.Google Scholar
Crawford, A. (2020). Societal Impact as ‘Rituals of Verification’ and The Co-Production of Knowledge, The British Journal of Criminology, 60(3), 493–518. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz076Google Scholar
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. (2018). The Allocation of Funding for Research and Innovation. Gov. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/731507/research-innovation-funding-allocation-2017-2021.pdfGoogle Scholar
Feucht, T. E., & Innes, C. (2009). Creating Research Evidence: Work to Enhance the Capacity of Justice Agencies for Generating Evidence [Unpublished manuscript].Google Scholar
Fielding, N., Bullock, K., & Holdaway, S. (2019). Critical Reflections on Evidence-based Policing. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garner, J., & Visher, C. A. (2003). The Production of Criminological Experiments. Evaluation Review, 27(3), 316–335.Google Scholar
Grieve, J., MacVean, A., Harfield, C., & Phillips, D. (Eds.) (2008). Handbook of Intelligent Policing: Consilience, Crime Control, and Community Safety. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hanak, G., & Hofinger, V. (2005). Police Science and Research in the European Union. CEPOL.Google Scholar
Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary. (2014). Crime Recording: Making the Victim Count. www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/wp-content/uploads/crime-recording-making-the-victim-count.pdfGoogle Scholar
Home Office. (2020). Annual Reports and Accounts 2019–20. Home Office. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/902593/HO_Annual_Report_and_Accounts_2019-20_FINAL.pdfGoogle Scholar
Hope, T. (Ed.) (2017). Perspectives on Crime Reduction. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaschke, H. G., Bjørgo, T., Del Barrio Romero, F., Kwanten, C., Mawby, R. I., & Pagon, M. (2007). European Approach to Police Science. CEPOL.Google Scholar
Lum, C. M., & Koper, C. S. (2017). Evidence-based Policing: Translating Research into Practice. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lum, C., Koper, C., Wilson, D.B., Stoltz, M., Goodier, M., Eggins, E., Higginson, A., & Mazerolle, L. (2020). Body Worn Camera on Police Officer and Citizen Behavior: A Systematic Review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 16(3), 1–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mastrofski, S. D., & Uchida, C. D. (1993). Transforming the Police. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30(3), 330–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427893030003005Google Scholar
Nägel, C., & Vera, A. (2020). Police Science as an Emerging Scientific Discipline. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 22(3), 242–252. 1461355720917413.Google Scholar
National Institutes of Health. (2020). Appropriations Language, FY 2020 (H.R. 1865 PDF). Office of Budget, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health.Google Scholar
National Research Council. (2004). Effectiveness of Police Activity in Reducing Crime, Disorder and Fear. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evidence, 217–251.Google Scholar
National Research Council. (2009). Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward. National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Neyroud, P. (2008). Past, Present and Future Performance: Lessons and Prospects for the Measurement of Police Performance. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 2(3), 340–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neyroud, P. (2011). Professional Policing in Times of Change. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 5(4),285–286. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/par051Google Scholar
Neyroud, P. (2017). Policing with Science: A New Evidence-based Professionalism for Policing. European Police Science and Research Bulletin, Special Issue 2, 39–44.Google Scholar
Neyroud, P. (2019). Ethical Leadership in Policing: Towards a New Evidence-Based, Ethical Professionalism? In Police Leadership (pp. 3–22). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.Google Scholar
Paterson, C. (2011). Adding Value? A Review of the International Literature on the Role of Higher Education in Police Training and Education. Police Practice and Research, 12(4), 286–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2011.563969CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pease, K. (1991). The Kirkholt Project: Preventing Burglary on a British Public Housing Estate. Security Journal, 2(2), 73–77.Google Scholar
Perry, S., & Wolfowitz, M. (this volume). The Role of the “Super Evidence Cop” in Evidence-Based Policing: The Israeli Case. In Weisburd, D., Jonathan, T., Perry, G. & Hasisi, B., (Eds.), The Future of Evidence-Based Policing. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ratcliffe, J. (2008). Intelligence-Led Policing. Routledge.Google Scholar
Reiner, R. (2000). The Politics of the Police. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Roberg, R., & Bonn, S. (2004). Higher Education and Policing: Where Are We Now? Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management.Google Scholar
Roman, J. K., Reid, S. E., Chalfin, A. J., & Knight, C. R. (2009). The DNA Field Experiment: A Randomized Trial of the Cost-effectiveness of Using DNA to Solve Property Crimes. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 5(4), 345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenbaum, D. P. (2007). Just Say No to D.A.R.E. Criminology and Public Policy, 6(4), 815–824.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, D. P., Flewelling, R. L., Bailey, S. L., Ringwalt, C. L., & Wilkinson, D. L. (1994). Cops in the Classroom: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE). Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 31(1), 3–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanderson, I. (2002). Evaluation, Policy Learning and Evidence‐based Policy Making. Public Administration, 80(1), 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, J. P. (2001). Emergency Medicine and Police Collaboration to Prevent Community Violence. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 38(4), 430–437.Google Scholar
Shepherd, J. P. (2004). A Scientific Approach to Policing. Police Review, 9, 15.Google Scholar
Sherman, L. W. (1998). Evidence-Based Policing. Police Foundation. www.policefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Sherman-1998-Evidence-Based-Policing.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sherman, L. W. (2013). The Rise of Evidence-Based Policing: Targeting, Testing, and Tracking. Crime and Justice, 42(2013), 1–75. https://doi.org/10.1086/670819Google Scholar
Sherman, L. W., Neyroud, P. W. & Neyroud, E. C. (2016) The Cambridge Crime Harm Index: Measuring Total Harm from Crime based on Sentencing Guidelines. Policing, a Journal of Policy and Practice, 10(3),171–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherman, L. W., Williams, S., Ariel, B., Strang, L. R., Wain, N., Slothower, M., & Norton, A. (2014). An Integrated Theory of Hot Spots Patrol Strategy: Implementing Prevention by Scaling Up and Feeding Back. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 30(2), 95–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986214525082Google Scholar
Slavin, R. E. (2002). Evidence-Based Education Policies: Transforming Educational Practice and Research. Educational Researcher, 31(7), 15–21.Google Scholar
Sparrow, M. (2011). Governing Science. National Institute of Justice.Google Scholar
Telep, C. W., & Lum, C. (2014). The Receptivity of Officers to Empirical Research and Evidence-Based Policing: An Examination of Survey Data from Three Agencies. Police Quarterly, 17(4), 359–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Telep, C. W., & Weisburd, D. (this volume). A Review of Systematic Reviews in Policing. In Weisburd, D., Jonathan, T., Perry, G., & Hasisi, B. (Eds.), The Future of Evidence-Based Policing. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tenon, J. (1788). Journal d’Observations sur les Principaux Hôpitaux et sur Quelques Prisons d’Angleterre. Paris.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Education. (2020). Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Summary. Section II F. Institute of Education Sciences. U.S. Department of Education. www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget20/summary/20summary.pdfGoogle Scholar
Vitale, A. S. (2017). The End of Policing. Verso Books.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D. (2008). Place-Based Policing. Ideas in American Policing, 9, 1–16. Police Foundation.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D. (2016). Does Hot Spots Policing Inevitably Lead to Unfair and Abusive Police Practices, or Can We Maximize Both Fairness and Effectiveness in the New Proactive Policing? The University of Chicago Legal Forum, 2016(16), 661.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., & Braga, A. A. (Eds.) (2019). Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., & Eck, J. E. (2004). What Can Police Do to Reduce Crime, Disorder, and Fear? The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593(1), 42–65.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., Hasisi, B., Litmanovitz, Y., Carmel, T., & Tshuva, S. (2020). Institutionalizing Problem‐Oriented Policing: An Evaluation of the EMUN Reform in Israel. Criminology & Public Policy, 19(3), 941–964.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., & Majmundar, K. M. (Eds.) (2018). Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime and Communities. The National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Weisburd, D., Mastrofski, S., Mcnally, A., Greenspan, R., & Willis, J. (2003). Reforming to Preserve: COMPSTAT and Strategic Problem Solving in American Policing. Criminology & Public Policy, 2(3), 421–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2003.tb00006.xGoogle Scholar
Weisburd, D., & Neyroud, P. (2011). Police Science: Towards a New Paradigm. New Perspectives in Policing. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.Google Scholar
Willis, J. J., & Mastrofski, S. D. (2011). Innovations in Policing: Meanings, Structures, and Processes. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 7, 309–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yglesias, M. (2020). The End of Policing Left Me Convinced We Still Need Policing. Vox. www.vox.com/2020/6/18/21293784/alex-vitale-end-of-policing-reviewGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×