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16 - Fungi in subterranean environments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2009

By
Joachim Reitner ,
Gabriela Schumann  and
Karsten Pedersen
Edited by
Geoffrey Michael Gadd
Joachim Reitner
Affiliation:
Göttinger Zentrum Geowissenschaften, GZG Universität, Göttingen, Germany
Gabriela Schumann
Affiliation:
Göttinger Zentrum Geowissenschaften, GZG Universität, Göttingen, Germany
Karsten Pedersen
Affiliation:
Göteborg University, Sweden
Geoffrey Michael Gadd
Affiliation:
University of Dundee
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Summary

Introduction

Exploration of the microbial world got off to a slow start some 350 years ago, when Leeuwenhoek and his contemporaries focused their microscopes on very small life forms. It was not until about 20 years ago, however, that exploration of the world of intra-terrestrial microbes gathered momentum. Until then, it was generally assumed that life could not persist deep underground, out of reach of the sun and a photosynthetic ecosystem base. In the mid 1980s, the drilling of deep holes for scientific research started. Holes up to thousands of metres deep were drilled in hard as well as sedimentary rock, and up came microbes in numbers equivalent to what could be found in many surface ecosystems (Pedersen, 1993). The deep subterranean biosphere had been discovered.

Defining the boundary between the ground-surface biosphere and the subterranean biosphere is problematic: various scientists define it differently, and there is no general consensus. For our purposes the main criterion is that the subterranean biosphere begins where contact with the surface biosphere is lost. This lies beneath soil and root zones, beneath the ground-water table, and beneath sediment and crust surfaces. A long time should have elapsed since last surface contact, ‘long time’ in this respect being at least several decades, preferably hundreds of years or more. In our view it is not depth per se that defines a subterranean ecosystem; rather, it is the duration of isolation from the surface.

Type
Chapter
Information
Fungi in Biogeochemical Cycles , pp. 377 - 403
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

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Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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