Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T05:46:19.507Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 18 - Dementia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2024

By
Shweta Gangavati ,
Elizabeta Mukaetova-Ladinska ,
Satheesh K. Gangadharan  and
Remon Mosaad
Edited by
David M. L. Branford ,
Satheesh K. Gangadharan ,
Mary Barrett  and
Regi T. Alexander
David M. L. Branford
Affiliation:
Independent Pharmacy Consultant
Satheesh K. Gangadharan
Affiliation:
Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust
Mary Barrett
Affiliation:
Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust
Regi T. Alexander
Affiliation:
Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
Get access

Summary

People with intellectual disability (particularly those with Down syndrome) have a higher risk of developing dementia than the general population. The varied presentation, the course, and available treatments are covered.

Keywords

memory impairmentbehavioural and psychological symptomsBPSDDown syndromeAlzheimer’s diseasedementiaacetyl cholinesterase inhibitorsdonepezilgalantaminerivastigmine
Type
Chapter
Information
The Frith Prescribing Guidelines for People with Intellectual Disability , pp. 254 - 274
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abraha, I., Rimland, J. M., Trotta, F. M., et al. (2017). Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series. BMJ Open, 7(3), e012759. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albert, M., & Cohen, C. (1992). The Test for Severe Impairment: An Instrument for the Assessment of Patients with Severe Cognitive Dysfunction. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40(5), 449–453. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02009.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). DSM 5 Intellectual Disability. American Psychiatric Association. www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Psychiatrists/Practice/DSM/APA_DSM-5-Intellectual-Disability.pdf.Google Scholar
Backhouse, T., Killett, A., Penhale, B., & Gray, R. (2016). The use of non-pharmacological interventions for dementia behaviours in care homes: findings from four in-depth, ethnographic case studies. Age and Ageing, 45(6), 856–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afw136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ball, S. L., Holland, A. J., Huppert, F. A., et al. (2004). The modified CAMDEX informant interview is a valid and reliable tool for use in the diagnosis of dementia in adults with Down’s syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48(6), 611–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2004.00630.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ball, S. L., Holland, A. J., Treppner, P., Watson, P. C., & Huppert, F. A. (2008). Executive dysfunction and its association with personality and behaviour changes in the development of Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome and mild to moderate learning disabilities. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466507X230967.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berk, L., Warmenhoven, F., Stiekema, A. P. M., et al. (2019). Mindfulness-Based Intervention for People With Dementia and Their Partners: Results of a Mixed-Methods Study. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00092.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bessey, L. J., & Walaszek, A. (2019). Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia. Current Psychiatry Reports, 21(8), 66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1049-5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carulla, L. S., Reed, G. M., Vaez-Azizi, L. M., et al. (2011). Intellectual developmental disorders: towards a new name, definition and framework for ‘mental retardation/intellectual disability’ in ICD–11. World Psychiatry, 10(3), 175–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00045.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cerejeira, J., Lagarto, L., & Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B. (2012). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Frontiers in Neurology, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2012.00073.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cosgrave, M. P., Tyrrell, J., McCarron, M., Gill, M., & Lawlor, B. A. (2000). A five year follow-up study of dementia in persons with Down’s syndrome: early symptoms and patterns of deterioration. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 17(1), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0790966700003943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deb, S., Hare, M., & Prior, L. (2007). Symptoms of dementia among adults with Down’s syndrome: A qualitative study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(9), 726–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00956.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eady, N., Sheehan, R., Rantell, K., et al. (2018). Impact of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine on survival in adults with Down syndrome and dementia: Clinical cohort study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 212(3), 155–60. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2017.21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evenhuis, H. M. (2018). The Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities. In Neuropsychological Assessments of Dementia in Down Syndrome and Intellectual Disabilities (pp. 43–56). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61720-6_3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanney, M., Prasher, V., Williams, N., et al. (2012). Memantine for dementia in adults older than 40 years with Down’s syndrome (MEADOWS): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet, 379(9815), 528–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61676-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berk, L., Warmenhoven, F., Stiekema, A. P. M., et al. (2019). Mindfulness-Based intervention for people with dementia and their partners: Results of a mixed-methods study. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00092.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haxby, J. V. (1989). Neuropsychological evaluation of adults with Down’s syndrome: Patterns of selective impairment in non-demented old adults. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 33 (Pt 3), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1989.tb01467.x.Google ScholarPubMed
Livingstone, N., Hanratty, J., McShane, R., & Macdonald, G. (2015). Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011546.pub2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Idusohan-Moizer, H., Sawicka, A., Dendle, J., & Albany, M. (2015). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities: An evaluation of the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 59(2), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12082.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joint Standing Committee of the British Psychological Society and the Royal College of Psychiatrists. (2015). Dementia and People with Intellectual Disabilities: Cover. British Psychological Society. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsrep.2015.rep77.Google Scholar
Jozsvai, E., Kartakis, P., & Gedye, A. (2009). Dementia Scale for Down Syndrome. In Prasher, V (ed.), Neuropsychological Assessments of Dementia in Down Syndrome and Intellectual Disabilities (pp. 53–66). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-249-4_4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kondoh, T., Kanno, A., Itoh, H., et al. (2011). Donepezil significantly improves abilities in daily lives of female Down syndrome patients with severe cognitive impairment: A 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 41(1), 71–89. https://doi.org/10.2190/PM.41.1.g.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Livingstone, N., Hanratty, J., McShane, R., & Macdonald, G. (2015). Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011546.pub2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lott, I. T., Osann, K., Doran, E., & Nelson, L. (2002). Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology, 59(7), 1133. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.59.7.1133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montero-Odasso, M., Ismail, Z., & Livingston, G. (2020). One-third of dementia cases can be prevented within the next 25 years by tackling risk factors. The case ‘for’ and ‘against.’ Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy, 12(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-00646-x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moran, J. A., Rafii, M. S., Keller, S. M., Singh, B. K., & Janicki, M. P. (2013). The national task group on intellectual disabilities and dementia practices consensus recommendations for the evaluation and management of dementia in adults with intellectual disabilities. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 88(8), 831–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.04.024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Institute of Aging (NIA). (1989). The Daily Living Skills Questionnaire (DLSQ). www.nia.nih.gov/.Google Scholar
Prasher, V. P., Adams, C., & Holder, R. (2003). Long-term safety and efficacy of donepezil in the treatment of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome: Open label study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(6), 549–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prasher, V. P., Fung, N., & Adams, C. (2005). Rivastigmine in the treatment of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(5), 496–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prasher, Vee. P., Huxley, A., & Haque, M. S. (2002). A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in patients with Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease – pilot study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(3), 270–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.587.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prince, M., Knapp, M., Maelenn, G., et al. (2014). Dementia UK: Update (Doctoral dissertation, King’s College London).Google Scholar
Robertson, J., Hatton, C., Emerson, E., & Baines, S. (2015). Prevalence of epilepsy among people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review. Seizure, 29, 46–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2015.03.016.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strydom, A., Chan, T., King, M., Hassiotis, A., & Livingston, G. (2013). Incidence of dementia in older adults with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(6), 1881–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.02.021.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strydom, A., Livingston, G., King, M., & Hassiotis, A. (2007). Prevalence of dementia in intellectual disability using different diagnostic criteria. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191(2), 150–7. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.028845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sturmey, P., Tsiouris, J. A., & Patti, P. (2003). The psychometric properties of the Multi-Dimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES) in middle aged and older populations of people with mental retardation. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(2), 131–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Visser, F. E., Aldenkamp, A. P., van Huffelen, A. C., et al. (1997). Prospective study of the prevalence of Alzheimer-type dementia in institutionalized individuals with Down syndrome. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 101(4), 400–12.Google ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×