Abbott, K. W. and Snidal, D., “Why States Act through Formal International Organizations” (1998) 42 The Journal of Conflict Resolution 3–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alexy, R., A Theory of Constitutional Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009)Google Scholar

Allain, J., “Rantsev v Cyprus and Russia: The European Court of Human Rights and Trafficking as Slavery” (2010) 10 Human Rights Law Review 546–557Google Scholar

Alter, K. J., Establishing the Supremacy of European Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2003)Google Scholar

Alter, K. J. The New Terrain of International Law: Courts, Politics, Rights (Princeton: Princeton University Press 2014)Google Scholar

Alter, K. J. and Helfer, L. R., “Transplanting the European Court of Justice: The Experience of the Andean Tribunal of Justice” (2012) 60 American Journal of Comparative Law 629–664CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alter, K. J. and Helfer, L. R. Transplanting International Courts, vol. I (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2017)Google Scholar

Altwicker, T., “Switzerland: The Substitute Constitution in Times of Popular Dissent” in Popelier, P., Lambrecht, S., and Lemmens, K. (eds.), Criticism of the European Court of Human Rights. Shifting the Dynamics of the Convention System: Counter-Dynamics at the National and EU Level (Cambridge: Intersentia 2016), pp. 385–412Google Scholar

Amerasinghe, C. F., Principles of the Institutional Law of International Organizations, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2005)Google Scholar

Arai-Takahashi, Y., The Margin of Appreciation Doctrine and the Principle of Proportionality in the Jurisprudence of the ECHR (Cambridge: Intersentia 2002)Google Scholar

Arai-Takahashi, Y. “Proportionality” in Shelton, D. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of International Human Rights Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2013), pp. 446–468CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arnardóttir, O. M., “Rethinking the Two Margins of Appreciation” (2016) 12 European Constitutional Law Review 27–53Google Scholar

Arnardóttir, O. M. “Res Interpretata, Erga Omnes Effect and the Role of the Margin of Appreciation in Giving Domestic Effect to the Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights” (2017) 28 European Journal of International Law 819–843Google Scholar

Barents, R., The Autonomy of Community Law (Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International 2004)Google Scholar

Bates, E., The Evolution of the European Convention on Human Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2010)Google Scholar

Bates, E. “Analysing the Prisoner Voting Saga and the British Challenge to Strasbourg” (2014) 14 Human Rights Law Review 503–540Google Scholar

Bates, E. “Principled Criticism and a Warning from the ‘UK’ to the ECtHR?” in Breuer, M. (ed.), Principled Resistance to ECtHR Judgments – A New Paradigm? (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2019), pp. 193–244CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bebr, G., “Directly Applicable Provisions of Community Law: The Development of a Community Concept” (1970) 19 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 257–298Google Scholar

Beddard, R., “The Status of the European Convention of Human Rights in Domestic Law” (1967) 16 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 206–217CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Benvenisti, E., “Margin of Appreciation, Consensus and Universal Standards” (1999) 31 International Law and Politics 843–854Google Scholar

Bernier, I., International Legal Aspects of Federalism (London: Longman 1973)Google Scholar

Besson, S., “How International Is the European Legal Order? Retracing Tuori’s Steps in the Exploration of European Legal Pluralism” (2008) 5 NoFo 50–70Google Scholar

Besson, S. “The Authority of International Law – Lifting the State Veil” (2008) 31 Sydney Law Review 343–380Google Scholar

Besson, S. “European Human Rights, Supranational Judicial Review and Democracy – Thinking Outside the Judicial Box” in Popelier, P., Van de Heyning, C. J., and Van Nuffel, P. (eds.), Human Rights Protection in the European Legal Order: The Interaction between the European and the National Courts (Cambridge: Intersentia 2011), pp. 97–145Google Scholar

Besson, S. “The ‘Erga Omnes’ Effect of Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights – ‘What’s in a Name?’” in Besson, S. (ed.), La Cour europeéenne des droits de l’homme après le Protocole 14 – premier bilan et perspectives (Zurich: Schulthess 2011), pp. 125–175Google Scholar

Besson, S. “Sovereignty” in Wolfrum, R. (ed.), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, online ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Besson, S. “The Truth about Legal Pluralism” (2012) 8 European Constitutional Law Review 354–361CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Besson, S. “Subsidiarity in International Human Rights Law – What Is Subsidiary about Human Rights?” (2016) 61 American Journal of Jurisprudence 69–107Google Scholar

Besson, S. “Community Interests in International Law: Whose Interests Are They and How Should We Best Identify Them?” in Nolte, G. and Benvenisti, E. (eds.), Community Interests Across International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2018), pp. 36–49Google Scholar

Besson, S. and Cebulak, P., “Introduction” in Besson, S. and Levrat, N. (eds.), L’Union européenne et le droit international – The European Union and International Law (Zurich/Paris: Schulthess/LDGJ 2015), pp. 5–14Google Scholar

Betlem, G. and Nollkaemper, A., “Giving Effect to Public International Law and European Community Law before Domestic Courts” (2003) 14 European Journal of International Law 569–589CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bickerton, C. J., Hodson, D., and Puetter, U., “The New Intergovernmentalism and the Study of European Integration” in Bickerton, C. J., Hodson, D., and Puetter, U. (eds.), The New Intergovernmentalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2015), pp. 1–50Google Scholar

Binder, C., “The Prohibition of Amnesties by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights” in von Bogdandy, A. and Venzke, I. (eds.), International Judicial Lawmaking (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2012), pp. 295–328Google Scholar

Bindschedler, R. L., “Internationale Organisation (Grundfragen)” in Schlochauer, H.-J. and Strupp, K. (eds.), Wörterbuch des Völkerrechts (Berlin: De Gruyter 1961), pp. 70–89Google Scholar

Bjorge, E., Domestic Application of the ECHR – Courts as Faithful Trustees (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2015)Google Scholar

Björgvinsson, D. T., The Intersection of International Law and Domestic Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing 2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blackburn, R. and Polakiewicz, J. (eds.), Fundamental Rights in Europe: The European Convention on Human Rights and Its Member States, 1950–2000 (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2001)Google Scholar

Bodansky, D., “The Legitimacy of International Governance: A Coming Challenge for International Environmental Law” (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law 596–624CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bodansky, D. and Crook, J. R., “Symposium on the ILC’s State Responsibility Articles: Introduction and Overview” (2002) 96 American Journal of International Law 773–791Google Scholar

Bodnar, A., “Res Interpretata: Legal Effect of the European Court of Human Rights’ Judgments for Other States Than Those Which Were Party to the Proceedings” in Brems, E. and Haeck, Y. (eds.), Human Rights and Civil Liberties in the 21st Century (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2014), pp. 223–262Google Scholar

Bogdandy, A. von, Supranationaler Föderalismus als Wirklichkeit und Idee einer neuen Herrschaftsform (Baden-Baden: Nomos 1999)Google Scholar

Bogdandy, A. von “Pluralism, Direct Effect, and the Ultimate Say: On the Relationship between International and Domestic Constitutional Law” (2008) 6 International Journal of Constitutional Law 397–413CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bogdandy, A. von, Dann, P., and Goldmann, M., “Developing the Publicness of Public International Law: Towards a Legal Framework for Global Governance Activities” in von Bogdandy, A. et al. (eds.), The Exercise of Public Authority by International Institutions (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2010), pp. 3–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bogdandy, A. von and Venzke, I., “Beyond Dispute: International Judicial Institutions as Lawmakers” (2011) 12 German Law Journal 979–1003Google Scholar

Bogdandy, A. von and Venzke, I. “Beyond Dispute: International Judicial Institutions as Lawmakers” in von Bogdandy, A. and Venzke, I. (eds.), International Judicial Lawmaking (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2012), pp. 3–33Google Scholar

Bogdandy, A. von and Venzke, I. In Whose Name?: A Public Law Theory of International Adjudication (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2014)Google Scholar

Boisson de Chazournes, L. , “Functionalism! Functionalism! Do I Look like Functionalism?” (2015) 26 European Journal of International Law 951–956Google Scholar

Bonner, D., “Ireland v. United Kingdom” (1978) 27 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 897–907Google Scholar

Brems, E., “The Margin of Appreciation Doctrine in the Case-Law of the European Court of Human Rights” (1996) 56 Heidelberg Journal of International Law 230–314Google Scholar

Brems, E. Human Rights: Universality and Diversity (Leiden/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff 2001)Google Scholar

Breuer, M., “Zulässigkeit und Grenzen richterlicher Rechtsfortbildung in der Rechtsprechung des EGMR” (2013) 68 Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht 729–766Google Scholar

Breuer, M. “Streikverbot vor dem Bundesverwaltungsgericht: Auf dem Weg zur supranationalen EMRK?” (2014) Verfassungsblog https://verfassungsblog.de/streikverbot-bundesverwaltungsgericht-auf-weg-zur-supranationalen-emrk/ [accessed July 23, 2020]Google Scholar

Breuer, M. “Artikel 13. Recht auf wirksame Beschwerde” in Karpenstein, U. and Mayer, F. C. (eds.), EMRK Konvention zum Schutz der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten Kommentar, 2nd ed. (Munich: C. H. Beck 2015), pp. 366–385Google Scholar

Breuer, M. “Artikel 46. Verbindlichkeit und Vollzug der Urteile” in Karpenstein, U. and Mayer, F. C. (eds.), EMRK Konvention zum Schutz der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten Kommentar, 2nd ed. (Munich: C. H. Beck 2015), pp. 663–691Google Scholar

Breuer, M. “‘Principled Resistance’ to ECtHR Judgments: Dogmatic Framework and Conceptual Meaning” in Breuer, M. (ed.), Principled Resistance against ECtHR Judgments – A New Paradigm? (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2019), pp. 3–34Google Scholar

Breuer, M. “‘Principled Resistance’ to ECtHR Judgments: An Appraisal” in M. Breuer (ed.), Principled Resistance to ECtHR Judgments – A New Paradigm? (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, 2019), pp. 323–350Google Scholar

Brilmayer, L., “From ‘Contract’ to ‘Pledge’: The Structure of International Human Rights Agreements” (2007) 77 British Yearbook of International Law 163–202Google Scholar

Brölmann, C., “Law-Making Treaties: Form and Function in International Law” (2005) 74 Nordic Journal of International Law 383–403Google Scholar

Brölmann, C. The Institutional Veil in Public International Law (Oxford: Hart 2007)Google Scholar

Brölmann, C. “Typologies and the ‘Essential Juridical Character’ of Treaties” in Bowman, M. J. and Kritsiotis, D. (eds.), Conceptual and Contextual Perspectives on the Modern Law of Treaties (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2018), pp. 79–102Google Scholar

Brown, H. B., “The Proposed International Prize Court” (1908) 2 American Journal of International Law 476–489CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brunnée, J. and Toope, S. J., “Constructivism and International Law” in Dunoff, J. L. and Pollack, M. A. (eds.), Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations: The State of the Art (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2012), pp. 119–145Google Scholar

Buergenthal, T., “The Effect of the European Convention on Human Rights on the Internal Law of Member States” (1965) 11 International and Comparative Law Quarterly Supplementary Publication 79–106Google Scholar

Buergenthal, T. “Self-Executing and Non-Self-Executing Treaties in National and International Law,” Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law, vol. 235 (Leiden/Boston: Brill Nijhoff 1992), pp. 303–400Google Scholar

Buergenthal, T. “Lawmaking by the ICJ and Other International Courts” (2009) 103 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) 403–406Google Scholar

Bürli, N., Third-Party Interventions before the European Court of Human Rights (Cambridge: Intersentia 2017)Google Scholar

Buyse, A., “Lost and Regained? Restitution as a Remedy for Human Rights Violations in the Context of International Law” (2008) 68 Heidelberg Journal of International Law 129–153Google Scholar

Çali, B., “The Logics of Supranational Human Rights Litigation, Official Acknowledgment, and Human Rights Reform: The Southeast Turkey Cases before the European Court of Human Rights, 1996–2006” (2010) 35 Law and Social Inquiry 311–337Google Scholar

Çali, B. The Authority of International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2015)Google Scholar

Çali, B. and Koch, A., “Foxes Guarding the Foxes? The Peer Review of Human Rights Judgments by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe” (2014) 14 Human Rights Law Review 301–325CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Çali, B., Koch, A., and Bruch, N., “The Legitimacy of Human Rights Courts: A Grounded Interpretivist Analysis of the European Court of Human Rights” (2013) 35 Human Rights Quarterly 955–984Google Scholar

Cançado Trindade, A. A., The Access of Individuals to International Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011)Google Scholar

Capotorti, F., “Supranational Organizations” in Bernhardt, R. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Public International Law, vol. IV (Amsterdam: Elsevier 2000)Google Scholar

Carozza, P. G., “Subsidiarity as a Structural Principle of International Human Rights Law” (2003) 97 American Journal of International Law 38–79Google Scholar

Caserta, S., “Regional Integration through Law and International Courts – the Interplay between De Jure and De Facto Supranationality in Central America and the Caribbean” (2017) 30 Leiden Journal of International Law 579–601Google Scholar

Cassese, A., “Remarks on Scelle’s Theory of ‘Role Splitting’ (dédoublement fonctionnel) in International Law” (1990) 1 European Journal of International Law 210–231Google Scholar

Cassese, A. Five Masters of International Law: Conversations with R-J Dupuy, E Jimenez de Arechaga, R Jennings, L Henkin and O Schachter (Oxford: Hart 2011)Google Scholar

Cassese, S., “Is There a Global Administrative Law?” in von Bogdandy, A. et al. (eds.), The Exercise of Public Authority by International Institutions (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2010), pp. 761–776Google Scholar

Cassese, S. “Ruling Indirectly: Judicial Subsidiarity in the ECtHR” (2015) Paper prepared for the Seminar to mark the official Opening of the judicial year of the European Court of Human Rights www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Speech_20150130_Seminar_Cassese_ENG.pdf (accessed July 23, 2020)Google Scholar

Chaeva, N., “The Russian Constitutional Court and Its Actual Control over the ECtHR Judgement in Anchugov and Gladkov” (2016) EJIL: Talk! www.ejiltalk.org/the-russian-constitutional-court-and-its-actual-control-over-the-ecthr-judgement-in-anchugov-and-gladko/ (accessed July 23, 2020)Google Scholar

Chapuis, C., Die Übertragung von Hoheitsrechten auf supranationale Organisationen (Basel: Helbing & Lichtenhahn 1993)Google Scholar

Charney, J. I., “Is International Law Threatened by Multiple International Tribunals?,” Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law, vol. 271 (Leiden/Boston: Brill Nijhoff 1998), pp. 101–188Google Scholar

Chernishova, O. and Vajic, N., “The Court’s Evolving Response to the States’ Failure to Cooperate” in Spielmann, D. (ed.), The European Convention on Human Rights: A Living and Dynamic Instrument – Liber Amicorum in Honour of Judge Rozakis (Brussels: Bruylant 2011), pp. 47–79Google Scholar

Christoffersen, J., Fair Balance: Proportionality, Subsidiarity and Primarity in the European Convention on Human Rights (Leiden/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff 2009)Google Scholar

Christoffersen, J. and Madsen, M. R., “Introduction: The European Court of Human Rights between Law and Politics” in Christoffersen, J. and Madsen, M. R. (eds.), The European Court of Human Rights between Law and Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011), pp. 1–13Google Scholar

Churchill, R. R. and Ulfstein, G., “Autonomous Institutional Arrangements in Multilateral Environmental Agreements: A Little-Noticed Phenomenon in International Law” (2000) 94 American Journal of International Law 623–659Google Scholar

Clapham, A., “The ‘Drittwirkung’ of the Convention” in Macdonald, R., Matscher, F., and Petzold, H. (eds.), The European System for the Protection of Human Rights (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff 1993), pp. 163–206Google Scholar

Cohen, J. L., Globalization and Sovereignty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Colandrea, V., “On the Power of the European Court of Human Rights to Order Specific Non-Monetary Measures: Some Remarks in Light of the Assanidze, Broniowski and Sejdovic Cases” (2007) 7 Human Rights Law Review 396–411Google Scholar

Collins, R. and White, N. D. (eds.), International Organizations and the Idea of Autonomy: Institutional Independence in the International Legal Order (London: Routledge 2011)Google Scholar

Conway, G., EU Law (London: Routledge 2015)Google Scholar

Cotterrell, R., “What Is Transnational Law?” (2012) 37 Law & Social Inquiry 500–524Google Scholar

Craven, M., “Legal Differentiation and the Concept of the Human Rights Treaty in International Law” (2000) 11 European Journal of International Law 489–519Google Scholar

Danny, N., “Original Intent and the European Convention on Human Rights” (2005) Public Law 152–172Google Scholar

De Baere, G., Chané, A.-L., and Wouters, J., “The Contribution of International and Supranational Courts to the Rule of Law: A Framework for Analysis” in De Baere, G. and Wouters, J. (eds.), The Contribution of International and Supranational Courts to the Rule of Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar 2015), pp. 19–81Google Scholar

De Brabandere, E., “The Impact of Supranationalism on State Sovereignty from the Perspective of the Legitimacy of International Organisations” in French, D. (ed.), Statehood and Self-Determination (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013), pp. 450–470Google Scholar

De Búrca, G., Reappraising Subsidiarity’s Significance After Amsterdam (Cambridge MA: Harvard Law School 1999)Google Scholar

De Schutter, O., “Sur l’émergence de la société civile en droit international: le rôle des associations devant la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme” (1996) 7 European Journal of International Law 372–410Google Scholar

De Vylder, H. and Haeck, Y., “The Duty of Cooperation of the Respondent State During the Proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights” in Brems, E. and Haeck, Y. (eds.), Human Rights and Civil Liberties in the 21st Century (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2014), pp. 37–68Google Scholar

De Witte, B., “The European Union as an International Legal Experiment” in de Búrca, G. and Weiler, J. H. H. (eds.), The Worlds of European Constitutionalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2012), pp. 19–56Google Scholar

Delbrück, J., “Transnational Federalism: Problems and Prospects of Allocating Public Authority Beyond the State” (2004) 11 Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 31–55Google Scholar

Delvaux, L., “La notion de supranationalité dans le traité du 18 avril 1951, créant la Communauté européenne du chabron et de l’acier,” Actes officiels du Congrès international d’études sur la Communauté européenne du charbon et de l’acier (Milan and Stresa, 31 May – 9 June 1957), vol. II (Milan: Giuffrè 1957)Google Scholar

Diggelmann, O., “Supranationalität in geschichtlicher Perspektive: Die ‘Articles of Con-federation’ (1781–1789)” in Bruha, T. (ed.), Europäischer Föderalismus im Licht der Verfassungsgeschichte (Schaan: Verlag der Liechtensteinischen Akademischen Gesellschaft 2011), pp. 117–147Google Scholar

Diggelmann, O. “Georges Scelle (1878–1961)” in Fassbender, B. and Peters, A. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012), pp. 1162–1166Google Scholar

Donald, A. and Speck, A.-K., “The European Court of Human Rights’ Remedial Practice and its Impact on the Execution of Judgments” (2019) 19 Human Rights Law Review 83–117Google Scholar

Doyle, M. W., “The UN Charter – A Global Constitution?” in Dunoff, J. L. and Trachtman, J. P. (eds.), Ruling the World? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2012), pp. 113–132Google Scholar

Drzemczewski, A., “The Domestic Status of the European Convention on Human Rights: New Dimensions” (1977) 4 Legal Issues of Economic Integration 1–85Google Scholar

Drzemczewski, A. “The Sui Generis Nature of the European Convention on Human Rights” (1980) 29 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 54–63Google Scholar

Drzemczewski, A. “A Major Overhaul of the European Human Rights Convention Control Mechanism: Protocol No. 11” (1995) IV/2 Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law 121–244Google Scholar

Dulitzky, A. E., “An Inter-American Constitutional Court? The Invention of the Conventionality Control by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights” (2015) 50 Texas International Law Journal 45–93Google Scholar

Dupuy, R.-J., “Images de Georges Scelle” (1990) 1 European Journal of International Law 235–239Google Scholar

Dworkin, R., Taking Rights Seriously (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press 1978)Google Scholar

Dzehtsiarou, K., European Consensus and the Legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2015)Google Scholar

Dzehtsiarou, K. and O’Meara, N., “Advisory Jurisdiction and the European Court of Human Rights: A Magic Bullet for Dialogue and Docket-Control?” (2014) 34 Legal Studies 444–468Google Scholar

Edward, D. and Bengoetxea, J., “The Status and Rights of Sub-State Entities in the Constitutional Order of the European Union” in Arnull, A. et al. (eds.), A Constitutional Order of States? Essays in EU Law in Honour of Alan Dashwood (Oxford: Hart 2011), pp. 25–38Google Scholar

Elazar, D. J., Exploring Federalism (Tuscaloosa/London: University of Alabama Press 1987)Google Scholar

Elazar, D. J. Constitutionalizing Globalization: The Postmodern Revival of Confederal Arrangements (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield 1998)Google Scholar

Ellis, D. C., “On the Possibility of ‘International Community’” (2009) 11 International Studies Review 1–26Google Scholar

El Zeidy, M. M., The Principle of Complementarity in International Criminal Law (Leiden/Boston: Brill 2008)Google Scholar

Eysinga, W. J. M. van, “Supranational” in Schätzel, W. and Schlochauer, H. J. (eds.), Rechtsfragen der internationalen Organisation: Festschrift für Hans Wehberg zu seinem 70. Geburtstag (Frankfurt/Main: Klostermann 1956), pp. 130–132Google Scholar

Fabbrini, F., “The Constitutionalization of International Law: A Comparative Federal Perspective” (2013) 6 European Journal of Legal Studies 7–26Google Scholar

Feldman, D., “Precedent and the European Court of Human Rights,” Appendix C to Law Commission Consultation Paper No. 157, Criminal Law Bail and the Human Rights Act 1998: A Consultation Paper (London: The Stationery Office 1999), pp. 112–124Google Scholar

Føllesdal, A., “Subsidiarity and International Human-Rights Courts: Respecting Self-Governance and Protecting Human Rights – or Neither?” (2016) 79 Law and Contemporary Problems 147–163Google Scholar

Forowicz, M., The Reception of International Law in the European Court of Human Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2010)Google Scholar

Forteau, M., “The Role of the International Rules of Interpretation for the Determination of Direct Effect of International Agreements” in Aust, H. P. and Nolte, G. (eds.), The Interpretation of International Law by Domestic Courts (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016), pp. 96–112Google Scholar

Franck, M., Fairness in International Law and Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1998)Google Scholar

Fredman, S., Human Rights Transformed: Positive Rights and Positive Duties (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2008)Google Scholar

French, D., “Treaty Interpretation and the Incorporation of Extraneous Legal Rules” (2006) 55 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 281–314Google Scholar

Fyrnys, M., “Expanding Competences by Judicial Lawmaking: The Pilot Judgment Procedure of the European Court of Human Rights” (2010) 12 German Law Journal 1231–1260Google Scholar

Gardbaum, S., “Human Rights as International Constitutional Rights” (2008) 19 European Journal of International Law 749–768Google Scholar

Gardbaum, S. “Human Rights and International Constitutionalism” in Dunoff, J. L. and Trachtman, J. P. (eds.), Ruling the World?: Constitutionalism, International Law, and Global Governance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2009), pp. 233–257Google Scholar

Gerards, R., Die Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention im Konstitutionalisierungsprozess einer gemeineuropäischen Grundrechtsordnung (Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang 2007)Google Scholar

Gerards, J., “Judicial Deliberations in the European Court of Human Rights” in Huls, N., Bomhoff, J., and Adams, M. (eds.), The Legitimacy of Highest Courts’ Rulings – Judicial Deliberations and Beyond (The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press 2009), pp. 407–436Google Scholar

Gerards, J. “Pluralism, Deference and the Margin of Appreciation Doctrine” (2011) 17 European Law Journal 80–120Google Scholar

Gerards, J. “The Pilot Judgment Procedure before the European Court of Human Rights as an Instrument for Dialogue” in Claes, M. et al. (eds.), Constitutional Conversations in Europe (Cambridge: Intersentia 2012), pp. 237–276Google Scholar

Gerards, J. “How to Improve the Necessity Test of the European Court of Human Rights” (2013) 11 International Journal of Constitutional Law 466–490Google Scholar

Gerards, J. “Advisory Opinions, Preliminary Rulings and the New Protocol No. 16 to the European Convention of Human Rights: A Comparative and Critical Appraisal” (2014) 21 Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 630–651Google Scholar

Gerards, J. “The European Court of Human Rights and the National Courts: Giving Shape to the Notion of ‘Shared Responsibility’” in Fleuren, J. and Gerards, J. (eds.), Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the Judgments of the ECtHR in National Case-law (Cambridge: Intersentia 2014), pp. 13–94Google Scholar

Gerards, J. and Fleuren, J., “Comparative Analysis” in Fleuren, J. and Gerards, J. (eds.), Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the Judgments of the ECtHR in National Case-law (Cambridge: Intersentia 2014), pp. 333–374Google Scholar

Ghandhi, S., “The Human Rights Committee and Interim Measures of Relief” (2007) 13 Canterbury Law Review 203–226Google Scholar

Giegerich, T., “Wirkung und Rang der EMRK in den Rechtsordnungen der Mitgliedstaaten” in Dörr, O., Grote, R., and Marauhn, T. (eds.), EMRK/GG: Konkordanzkommentar zum europäischen und deutschen Grundrechtsschutz, vol. I, 2nd ed. (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2013), pp. 57–98Google Scholar

Ginsburg, T., “Bounded Discretion in International Judicial Lawmaking” (2005) 45 Virginia Journal of International Law 631–673Google Scholar

Glas, L. R., “The European Court of Human Rights Supervising the Execution of its Judgments” (2019) 37 Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 228–244Google Scholar

Gormley, W. P., The Procedural Status of the Individual before International and Supranational Tribunals (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff 1966)Google Scholar

Gragl, P., “(Judicial) Love Is Not a One-Way Street: The EU Preliminary Reference Procedure as a Model for ECtHR Advisory Opinions Under Draft Protocol No. 16” (2013) 38 European Law Review 229–247Google Scholar

Greer, S., The Exceptions to Articles 8 to 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights (Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing 1997)Google Scholar

Greer, S. The Margin of Appreciation: Interpretation and Discretion Under the European Convention on Human Rights (Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing 2000)Google Scholar

Greer, S. The European Convention on Human Rights – Achievements, Problems and Prospects (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2006)Google Scholar

Greer, S. and Wildhaber, L., “Revisiting the Debate about ‘Constitutionalising’ the European Court of Human Rights” (2012) 12 Human Rights Law Review 655–687Google Scholar

Guieu, J.-M., “Introduction. Le Congrès de La Haye (7–10 Mai 1948), ‘Porte-parole de l’Europe’?” in Guieu, J.-M. and Le Dréau, C. (eds.), Le Congrès de l’Europe à La Haye (1948–2008) (Bruxelles: Peter Lang 2009), pp. 15–44Google Scholar

Haas, E. B., Beyond the Nation-State: Functionalism and International Organization (Stanford: Stanford University Press 1964)Google Scholar

Hahn, H. J., “International and Supranational Public Authorities” (1961) 26 Law and Contemporary Problems 638–665Google Scholar

Haider, D., The Pilot-Judgment Procedure of the European Court of Human Rights (Leiden/Boston: Brill Nijhoff 2013)Google Scholar

Hakimi, M., “Constructing an International Community” (2017) 111 American Journal of International Law 317–356Google Scholar

Halberstam, D., “Federalism: Theory, Policy, Law” in Rosenfeld, M. and Sajó, A. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Hallstein, W., Der unvollendete Bundesstaat: Europäische Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse (Wien: Econ 1969)Google Scholar

Harmsen, R., “The Reform of the Convention System: Institutional Restructuring and the (Geo-)Politics of Human Rights” in Christoffersen, J. and Madsen, M. R. (eds.), The European Court of Human Rights between Law and Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011), pp. 119–143Google Scholar

Harris, D., O’Boyle, M., and Warbrick, C., Law of the European Convention on Human Rights, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2014)Google Scholar

Hay, P., “International and Supranational Organizations: Some Problems of Conceptualization” (1965) University of Illinois Law Forum 733–770Google Scholar

Hay, P. Federalism and Supranational Organizations: Patterns for New Legal Structures (Urbana/London: University of Illinois Press 1966)Google Scholar

Helfer, L. R., “Redesigning the European Court of Human Rights: Embeddedness as a Deep Structural Principle of the European Human Rights Regime” (2008) 19 European Journal of International Law 125–159Google Scholar

Helfer, L. R. “The Effectiveness of International Adjudicators” in Romano, C. P. R., Alter, K. J., and Avgerou, C. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Adjudication (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2013), pp. 464–482Google Scholar

Helfer, L. R. “Populism and International Human Rights Institutions” in Neuman, G. L. (ed.), Human Rights in a Time of Populism: Challenges and Responses (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2019), pp. 218–249Google Scholar

Helfer, L. R. and Slaughter, A.-M., “Toward a Theory of Effective Supranational Adjudication” (1997) 107 The Yale Law Journal 273–391Google Scholar

Hirschl, R., “The Judicialization of Mega-Politics and the Rise of Political Courts” (2008) 11 Annual Review of Political Science 93–118Google Scholar

Howse, R. and Nicolaidis, K. (eds.), “Introduction,” The Federal Vision (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2001), pp. 1–28Google Scholar

Hull, W. I., “The Primary Sources of International Obligations” (1911) 5 American Society of International Law Proceedings 257–288Google Scholar

Huscroft, G., Miller, B. W., and Webber, G. (eds.), “Introduction,” Proportionality and the Rule of Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2014), pp. 1–20Google Scholar

Ipsen, H. P., “Über Supranationalität” in Ehmke, H. (ed.), Festschrift für Ulrich Scheuner zum 70. Geburtstag (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot 1973), pp. 211–226Google Scholar

Iwasawa, Y., “The Doctrine of Self-Executing Treaties in the United States: A Critical Analysis” (1985) 26 Virginia Journal of International Law 627–650Google Scholar

Jackson, J. L., “Broniowski v. Poland: A Recipe for Increased Legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights as a Supranational Constitutional Court” (2006) 39 Connecticut Law Review 759–806Google Scholar

Jacob, M., “Precedents: Lawmaking Through International Adjudication” in von Bogdandy, A. and Venzke, I. (eds.), International Judicial Lawmaking: On Public Authority and Democratic Legitimation in Global Governance (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2012), pp. 35–68Google Scholar

Jaenicke, G., “Die Sicherung des übernationalen Charakters der Organe internationaler Organisationen” (1951) 14 Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht 46–117Google Scholar

Jaenicke, G. “Der übernationale Charakter der Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft” (1958) 19 Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht 153–196Google Scholar

Jahn, J., “Normative Guidance from Strasbourg Through Advisory Opinions Deprivation or Relocation of the Convention’s Core?” (2014) 74 Heidelberg Journal of International Law 821–846Google Scholar

Jahn, J. “Ruling (In)directly through Individual Measures? Effect and Legitimacy of the ECtHR’s New Remedial Power” (2014) 74 Heidelberg Journal of International Law 1–39Google Scholar

Jennings, R. Y., “The Judicial Function and the Rule of Law,” International Law at the Time of its Codification: Essays in Honour of Roberto Ago, vol. III (Milan: Giuffrè 1988), pp. 139–151Google Scholar

Jessup, P. C., Transnational Law (New Haven: Yale University Press 1956)Google Scholar

Karp, B., “The Draft Constitution for a European Political Community” (1954) 8 International Organization 181–202Google Scholar

Kaufmann, W., Die Rechtskraft des internationalen Rechtes und das Verhältniss der Staatsgesetzgebungen und der Staatsorgane zu demselben (Stuttgart: F Enke 1899)Google Scholar

Keck, M. E. and Sikkink, K., Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press 1998)Google Scholar

Keller, H. and Garin, A., “Câmpeanu: quo vadis? – Le recours individuel en péril” (2017) 111 Revue trimestrielle des droits de l’homme 485–510Google Scholar

Keller, H. and Marti, C., “Der EGMR als Schöpfer von Verwaltungsprozessrecht” in A. von Bogdandy, P. M. Huber, and J. Paužaitė-Kulvinskienė (eds.), Ius Publicum Europaeum, vol. IX (forthcoming)Google Scholar

Keller, H. and Marti, C. “Interim Relief Compared: Use of Interim Measures by the UN Human Rights Committee and the European Court of Human Rights” (2013) 73 Heidelberg Journal of International Law 325–372Google Scholar

Keller, H. and Marti, C. “Berücksichtigung der EGMR-Praxis durch innerstaatliche Gerichte – Eine rechtsmethodische Anleitung für den richterlichen Dialog mit Strassburg” (2015) 1 Justice – Justiz – GiustiziaGoogle Scholar

Keller, H. and Marti, C. “Reconceptualizing Implementation: The Judicialization of the Execution of the European Court of Human Rights’ Judgments” (2015) 26 European Journal of International Law 829–850CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Keller, H. and Stone Sweet, A. (eds.), “Assessing the Impact of the ECHR on National Legal Systems,” A Europe of Rights: The Impact of the ECHR on National Legal Systems (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2008), pp. 677–712Google Scholar

Keller, H. and Walther, R., “Resistance in Switzerland: Populist rather than Principled” in Breuer, M. (ed.), Principled Resistance against ECtHR Judgments – A New Paradigm? (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2019), pp. 161–191Google Scholar

Kennedy, D., “International Law and the Nineteenth Century: History of an Illusion” (1996) 65 Nordic Journal of International Law 385–420Google Scholar

Klabbers J., “The Paradox of International Institutional Law” (2008) 5 International Organizations Law Review 151–173Google Scholar

Kennedy, D. “Setting the Scene” in Klabbers, J., Peters, A., and Ulfstein, G. (eds.), The Constitutionalization of International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009), pp. 1–44Google Scholar

Kennedy, D. An Introduction to International Institutional Law, 1st ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2009)Google Scholar

Kennedy, D. An Introduction to International Organizations Law, 3rd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2015)Google Scholar

Klatt, M., “Positive Obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights” (2011) 71 Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht 691–718Google Scholar

Kohler, J., “Völkerrechtliche Studien” (1912) 6 Zeitschrift für Völkerrecht und Bundesstaatsrecht 89–124Google Scholar

Koskenniemi, M., The Gentle Civilizer of Nations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2001)Google Scholar

Koskenniemi, M. “The Subjective Dangers of Projects of World Community” in Cassese, A. (ed.), Realizing Utopia: The Future of International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012), pp. 3–13Google Scholar

Krabbe, H., Die moderne Staatsidee, 2nd ed. (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff 1919)Google Scholar

Krasner, S. D., “Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables” (1982) 36 International Organization 185–205Google Scholar

Kratochvil, J., “The Inflation of the Margin of Appreciation by the European Court of Human Rights” (2011) 29 Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 324–357Google Scholar

Krieger, H., “Positive Verpflichtungen unter der EMRK: Unentbehrliches Element einer gemeineuropäischen Grundrechtsdogmatik, leeres Versprechen oder Grenze der Justiziabilität?” (2014) 74 Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrechtt 187–213Google Scholar

Krisch, N., Beyond Constitutionalism – The Pluralist Structure of Postnational Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2010)Google Scholar

Krisch, N. and Kingsbury, B., “Introduction: Global Governance and Global Administrative Law in the International Legal Order” (2006) 17 European Journal of International Law 1–13Google Scholar

Kritsiotis, D., “Imagining the International Community” (2002) 13 European Journal of International Law 961–992Google Scholar

Kritsiotis, D. “The Legitimacy of International Law: A Constitutionalist Framework of Analysis” (2004) 15 European Journal of International Law 907–931Google Scholar

Kunz, J. L., “Supra-National Organs” (1952) 46 American Journal of International Law 690–698Google Scholar

Kunz, J. L. “Treaty Establishing the European Defense Community” (1953) 47 American Journal of International Law 275–281Google Scholar

Kunz, R., “Judging International Judgments Anew? The Human Rights Courts before Domestic Courts” (2019) 30 European Journal of International Law 1129–1163Google Scholar

Laffranque, J., “Can’t Get Just Satisfaction” in Seibert-Fohr, A. and Villiger, M. E. (eds.), Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights – Effects and Implementation (Farnham: Ashgate 2014), pp. 75–114Google Scholar

Lalumière, C., “Discussion Paper by the Secretary General on the Development of the Organisation and on the Implications of Continued Enlargement, Particularly of the Russian Federation’s Accession” (1994) The Council of Europe in the New Europe 1–13, www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2004/4/27/4977d781-d180-4313-b0c7-77f48e3b749e/publishable_en.pdf (accessed July 23, 2020)Google Scholar

Lambert-Abdelgawad, E., The Execution of Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, 2nd ed. (Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing 2008)Google Scholar

Lambert-Abdelgawad, E. “Is There a Need to Advance the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights with Regard to the Award of Damages?” in Seibert-Fohr, A. and Villiger, M. E. (eds.), Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights – Effects and Implementation (Baden-Baden: Nomos 2014), pp. 115–136Google Scholar

Lambrecht, S., “Assessing the Existence of Criticism of the European Court of Human Rights” in Popelier, P., Lambrecht, S., and Lemmens, K. (eds.), Criticism of the European Court of Human Rights: Shifting the Convention System: Counter-dynamics at the National and EU Level (Cambridge: Intersentia 2016), pp. 505–554Google Scholar

Larsen, K. M., “Compliance with Judgments from the European Court of Human Rights: The Court’s Call for Legislative Reforms” (2013) 31 Nordic Journal of Human Rights 496–512Google Scholar

Lauterpacht, H., International Law and Human Rights (London: Stevens 1950)Google Scholar

Lauterpacht, H. The Function of Law in the International Community (1933), reprint (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011)Google Scholar

Lavrysen, L., “The Scope of Rights and the Scope of Obligations: Positive Obligations” in Brems, E. and Gerards, J. (eds.), Shaping Rights in the ECHR (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013), pp. 162–182Google Scholar

Leach, P., “No Longer Offering Fine Mantras to a Parched Child? The European Court’s Developing Approach to Remedies” in Føllesdal, A., Peters, B., and Ulfstein, G. (eds.), Constituting Europe: The European Court of Human Rights in a National, European and Global Context (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013), pp. 162–182Google Scholar

Leach, P. and Donald, A., “Russia Defies Strasbourg: Is Contagion Spreading?” (2015) EJIL: Talk! www.ejiltalk.org/russia-defies-strasbourg-is-contagion-spreading/ (accessed July 23, 2020)Google Scholar

Leach, P. and Donald, A. Parliaments and the European Court of Human Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016)Google Scholar

Le Sueur, A., Sunkin, M., and Murkens, J. E. K., Public Law: Text, Cases, and Materials, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016)Google Scholar

Lebeck, C., “Sliding Towards Supranationalism? The Constitutional Status of EU Framework Decisions after Pupino” (2007) 8 German Law Journal 501–531Google Scholar

Lebeck, C. “Supranational Law in a Cold Climate: European Law in Scandinavia” (2010) 4 Stals Research Paper www.stals.sssup.it/files/stals_Lebeck_042010.pdf (accessed July 23, 2020)Google Scholar

Lemmens, K., “Criticising the European Court of Human Rights or Misunderstanding the Dynamics of Human Rights Protection?” in Popelier, P., Lambrecht, S., and Lemmens, K. (eds.), Criticism of the European Court of Human Rights: Shifting the Convention System: Counter-dynamics at the National and EU Level (Cambridge: Intersentia 2016), pp. 23–40.Google Scholar

Lenaerts, K., “Constitutionalism and the Many Faces of Federalism” (1990) 38 American Journal of Comparative Law 205–263Google Scholar

Lenaerts, K. “Federalism and the Rule of Law: Perspectives from the European Court of Justice” (2011) 33 Fordham International Law Journal 1338–1387Google Scholar

Lenaerts, K. “Direct Applicability and Direct Effect of International Law in the EU Legal Order” in Govaere, I. et al. (eds.), The European Union in the World (Leiden/Boston: Brill Nijhoff 2013), pp. 45–64Google Scholar

Lenaerts, K. et al., European Union Law, 3rd ed. (London: Sweet & Maxwell 2011)Google Scholar

Lester, A., “The European Court of Human Rights after 50 Years” in Christoffersen, J. and Madsen, M. R. (eds.), The European Court of Human Rights between Law and Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011), pp. 98–118Google Scholar

Letsas, G., “The Truth in Autonomous Concepts: How to Interpret the ECHR” (2004) 15 European Journal of International Law 279–305Google Scholar

Letsas, G. “Two Concepts of the Margin of Appreciation” (2006) 26 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 705–732Google Scholar

Letsas, G. A Theory of Interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2007)Google Scholar

Letsas, G. “Strasbourg’s Interpretive Ethic: Lessons for the International Lawyer” (2010) 21 European Journal of International Law 509–541Google Scholar

Letsas, G. “The ECHR as a Living Instrument: Its Meaning and Legitimacy” in Føllesdal, A., Peters, B., and Ulfstein, G. (eds.), Constituting Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013), pp. 106–141Google Scholar

Lindberg, L. N., The Political Dynamics of European Economic Integration (Stanford: Stanford University Press 1963)Google Scholar

Lindeiner-Wildau, K. von, La supranationalité en tant que principe de droit (Leiden: A. W. Sijthoff 1970)Google Scholar

Linderfalk, U., “Who Are ‘The Parties’? Article 31, Paragraph 3(c) of the 1969 Vienna Convention and the ‘Principle of Systemic Integration’ Revisited” (2008) 55 Netherlands International Law Review 343–364Google Scholar

Lindseth, P. L., “Supranational Organizations” in Hurd, I., Johnstone, I., and Katz Cogan, J. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of International Organizations (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016), pp. 152–170Google Scholar

Liszt, F. von, “Das Wesen des völkerrechtlichen Staatenverbandes und der Internationale Prisenhof,” Festgabe der Berliner juristischen Fakultät für Otto Gierke zum Doktorjubiläum 21. August 1910, vol. III (Breslau: M & H Marcus 1910), pp. 19–44Google Scholar

Londras, F. de and Dzehtsiarou, K., “Mission Impossible? Addressing Non-Execution Through Infringement Proceedings in the European Court of Human Rights” (2017) 66 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 467–490Google Scholar

Loth, W., Building Europe: A History of European Unification (Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg 2015)Google Scholar

Lucas-Alberni, K., Le revirement de jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (Brussels: Bruylant 2008)Google Scholar

Lüder, S. R., “The Legal Nature of the International Criminal Court and the Emergence of Supranational Elements in International Criminal Justice” (2002) 84 International Review of the Red Cross 79–92Google Scholar

Lupu, Y. and Voeten, E., “Precedent in International Courts: A Network Analysis of Case Citations by the European Court of Human Rights” (2012) 42 British Journal of Political Science 413–439Google Scholar

Madsen, M. R., “France, the UK and the ‘Boomerang’ of the Internationalisation of Human Rights (1945–2000)” in Halliday, S. and Schmidt, P. (eds.), Human Rights Brought Home – Socio-Legal Perspectives of Human Rights in the National Context (Oxford: Hart 2004), pp. 57–86Google Scholar

Madsen, M. R. “From Cold War Instrument to Supreme European Court: The European Court of Human Rights at the Crossroads of International and National Law and Politics” (2007) 32 Law & Social Inquiry 137–159Google Scholar

Madsen, M. R. “The Protracted Institutionalization of the Strasbourg Court: From Legal Diplomacy to Integrationist Jurisprudence” in Christoffersen, J. and Madsen, M. R. (eds.), The European Court of Human Rights between Law and Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011), pp. 43–60Google Scholar

Madsen, M. R. “Rebalancing European Human Rights: Has the Brighton Declaration Engendered a New Deal on Human Rights in Europe?” (2018) 9 Journal of International Dispute Settlement 199–222Google Scholar

Madsen, M. R., Cebulak, P., and Wiebusch, M., “Backlash against International Courts: Explaining the Forms and Patterns of Resistance to International Courts” (2018) 14 International Journal of Law in Context 197–220Google Scholar

Maduro, M. P., “Three Claims of Constitutional Pluralism” in Avbelj, M. and Komárek, J. (eds.), Constitutional Pluralism in the European Union and Beyond (Oxford: Hart 2012), pp. 67–84Google Scholar

Mahoney, P., “Developments in the Procedure of the European Court of Human Rights: The Revised Rules of Court” (1983) 3 Yearbook of European Law 127–167Google Scholar

Mahoney, P. “New Challenges for the European Court of Human Rights Resulting from the Expanding Case Load and Membership” (2002) 21 Penn State International Law Review 101–114Google Scholar

Malanczuk, P., Akehurst’s Modern Introduction to International Law, 7th ed. (London: Routledge 1997)Google Scholar

Mancano, L. and Martinico, G., “An Italian Tale of Two Courts. Judgment no. 49/2015 of the Italian Constitutional Court and its Relationship with Strasbourg” (2016) 58 Revista española de derecho europeo 199–214Google Scholar

Mancini, F., “The Making of a Constitution for Europe” (1989) 26 Common Market Law Review 595–614Google Scholar

Mancini, S., “The Crucifix Rage: Supranational Constitutionalism Bumps Against the Counter-Majoritarian Difficulty” (2010) 6 European Constitutional Law Review 6–27Google Scholar

Marquis, J., La qualité pour agir devant la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (Zurich: Schulthess 2017)Google Scholar

Marsh, N. S., “Supranational Planning Authorities and Private Law: An English Approach to a New Aspect of Comparative Law” (1955) 4 American Journal of Comparative Law 189–207Google Scholar

Marti, C., “Supranationality Beyond the EU?” in Besson, S. and Levrat, N. (eds.), L’Union européenne et le droit international – The European Union and International Law (Zurich/Paris: Schulthess/LDGJ 2015), pp. 18–38Google Scholar

Martinico, G., “Is the European Convention Going to Be ‘Supreme’? A Comparative-Constitutional Overview of ECHR and EU Law before National Courts” (2012) 23 European Journal of International Law 401–424Google Scholar

Martinico, G. “Judicial Disobedience and the ECtHR: The Italian Case” in Breuer, M. (ed.), Principled Resistance to ECtHR Judgments – A New Paradigm? (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2019), pp. 137–160Google Scholar

Martinico, G. and Pollicino, O., The National Judicial Treatment of the ECHR and EU Laws (Groningen: Europa Law Publishing 2010)Google Scholar

Martinico, G. and Pollicino, O. The Interaction between Europe’s Legal Systems: Judicial Dialogue and the Creation of Supranational Laws (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar 2012)Google Scholar

Mason, H. L., The European Coal and Steel Community: Experiment in Supranationalism (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff 1955)Google Scholar

Mattli, W., The Logic of Regional Integration: Europe and Beyond (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999)Google Scholar

McLachlan, C., “The Principle of Systemic Integration and Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention” (2005) 54 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 279–320Google Scholar

Mégret, F., “Private Actor Litigation and the Evolving Legitimacy of Supranational Adjudication” (2012) RSCAS Policy Papers – Courts, Social Change and Judicial Independence 3–10Google Scholar

Mendez, M., The Legal Effects of EU Agreements (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2013)Google Scholar

Menkel-Meadow, C., “Why and How to Study ‘Transnational Law’” (2010) 1 UC Irvine Law Review 97–129Google Scholar

Merkouris, P., Article 31(3)(c)VCLT and the Principle of Systemic Integration: Normative Shadows in Plato’s Cave (Leiden/Boston: Brill Nijhoff 2015)Google Scholar

Milward, A. S., The Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1945–51 (Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press 1984)Google Scholar

Mitrany, D., A Working Peace System (Chicago: Quadrangle Books 1966)Google Scholar

Monaco, R., “La Communità sopranazionale nell’ordinamento internazionale” (1953) 8 La Comunità Internazionale 441–458Google Scholar

Moravcsik, A., “The Origins of Human Rights Regimes: Democratic Delegation in Postwar Europe” (2000) 54 International Organization 217–252Google Scholar

Mosler, H., “Supra-National Judicial Decisions” (1981) 4 Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 425–472Google Scholar

Motoc, I. and Ziemele, I. (eds.), The Impact of the ECHR on Democratic Change in Central and Eastern Europe: Judicial Perspectives (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2016)Google Scholar

Mowbray, A., The Development of Positive Obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights by the European Court of Human Rights (Oxford: Hart 2004)Google Scholar

Mowbray, A. “A New Strasbourg Approach to the Legal Consequences of Interim Measures” (2005) 5 Human Rights Law Review 377–386Google Scholar

Mowbray, A. “The Creativity of the European Court of Human Rights” (2005) 5 Human Rights Law Review 57–79Google Scholar

Mowbray, A. “An Examination of the European Court of Human Rights’ Approach to Overruling Its Previous Case Law” (2009) 9 Human Rights Law Review 179–201Google Scholar

Mowbray, A. “Between the Will of the Contracting Parties and the Needs of Today: Extending the Scope of Convention Rights and Freedoms beyond What Could Have Been Foreseen by the Drafters of the ECHR” in Brems, E. and Gerards, J. (eds.), Shaping Rights in the ECHR (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013), pp. 17–37Google Scholar

Münch, F., “Délimitation du domaine du droit des Communautés supranationales par rapport au droit étatique,” Actes officiels du Congrès international d’études sur la Communauté européenne du charbon et de l’acier (Milan and Stresa, 31 May – 9 June 1957), vol. II (Milan: Giuffrè 1957), pp. 271–298Google Scholar

Münch, F. “Die Abgrenzung des Rechtsbereiches der supranationalen Gemeinschaft gegenüber dem innerstaatlichen Recht” (1958) 2 Verhandlungen der Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Völkerrecht 73–93Google Scholar

Murphy, S. D., “Does International Law Obligate States to Open Their National Courts to Persons for the Invocation of Treaty Norms That Protect or Benefit Persons?” in Sloss, D. (ed.), The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2009), pp. 61–119Google Scholar

Neuman, G. L., “Human Rights and Constitutional Rights: Harmony and Dissonance” (2003) 55 Stanford Law Review 1863–1900Google Scholar

Nigoul, C., “René-Jean Dupuy et le fédéralisme: de Georges Scelle à Alexandre Marc,” Humanité et droit international: Mélanges René-Jean Dupuy (Paris: A. Pédone 1991), pp. 233–240Google Scholar

Nijman, J. and Nollkaemper, A. (eds.), “Beyond the Divide,” New Perspectives on the Divide between National and International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2007), pp. 341–360Google Scholar

Nijman, J., The Concept of International Legal Personality – An Inquiry into the History and Theory of International Law (The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press 2004)Google Scholar

Nollkaemper, A., “Constitutionalization and the Unity of the Law of International Responsibility” (2009) 16 Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 535–563Google Scholar

Nollkaemper, A. “Rethinking the Supremacy of International Law” (2010) 65 Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht 65–85Google Scholar

Nollkaemper, A. National Courts and the International Rule of Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011)Google Scholar

Nollkaemper, A. “The Duality of Direct Effect of International Law” (2014) 25 European Journal of International Law 105–125Google Scholar

Ophüls, C. F., “Europas partieller Bundesstaat” (1951) 6 Die Gegenwart 25–29Google Scholar

Oppong, R. F., Legal Aspects of Economic Integration in Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2011)Google Scholar

Orakhelashvili, A., “Restrictive Interpretation of Human Rights Treaties in the Recent Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights” (2003) 14 European Journal of International Law 529–568Google Scholar

Paprocka, A. and Ziółkowski, M., “Advisory Opinions under Protocol No. 16 to the European Convention on Human Rights” (2015) 11 European Constitutional Law Review 274–292Google Scholar

Paulus, A., “International Community” in Wolfrum, R. (ed.), Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law, online ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2013)Google Scholar

Pauwelyn, J., Conflict of Norms in Public International Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2003)Google Scholar

Peters, A., “Global Constitutionalism Revisited” (2005) 39 International Legal Theory 39–67Google Scholar

Peters, A. “Supremacy Lost: International Law Meets Domestic Constitutional Law” (2009) 3 Vienna Journal on International Constitutional Law 170–198Google Scholar

Peters, A. “Membership in the Global Constitutional Community” in Klabbers, J., Peters, A., and Ulfstein, G. (eds.), The Constitutionalization of International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009), pp. 153–262Google Scholar

Peters, A. “Rechtsordnungen und Konstitutionalisierung: Zur Neubestimmung der Verhältnisse” (2010) 65 Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht 3–63Google Scholar

Peters, A. Beyond Human Rights (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2016)Google Scholar

Polakiewicz, J., “The Status of the Convention in National Law” in Blackburn, R. and Polakiewicz, J. (eds.), Fundamental Rights in Europe: The European Convention on Human Rights and Its Member States, 1950–2000 (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2001), pp. 31–54Google Scholar

Politis, N. E., Les nouvelles tendances du droit international (Paris: Hachette 1927)Google Scholar

Pollicino, O., “Italy: Constitutional Court at the Crossroads between Constitutional Parochialism and Co-Operative Constitutionalism. Judgments No. 348 and 349 of 22 and 24 October 2007” (2008) 4 European Constitutional Law Review 363–382Google Scholar

Pollicino, O. “The New Relationship between National and the European Courts after the Enlargement of Europe: Towards a Unitary Theory of Jurisprudential Supranational Law?” (2010) 29 Yearbook of European Law 65–111Google Scholar

Popelier, P. and Van De Heyning, C. J., “Subsidiarity Post-Brighton: Procedural Rationality as Answer?” (2017) 30 Leiden Journal of International Law 5–23Google Scholar

Portmann, R., Legal Personality in International Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010)Google Scholar

Rasmussen, M., “Revolutionizing European Law: A History of the Van Gend En Loos Judgment” (2014) 12 International Journal of Constitutional Law 136–163Google Scholar

Remezaite, R, “Azerbaijan: Is It Time to Invoke Infringement Proceedings for Failing to Implement Judgments of the Strasbourg Court?” (2017) EJIL: Talk! www.ejiltalk.org/azerbaijan-is-it-time-to-invoke-infringement-proceedings-for-failing-to-implement-judgments-of-the-strasbourg-court/ (accessed July 23, 2020)Google Scholar

Ress, G., “Supranationaler Menschenrechtsschutz und der Wandel der Staatlichkeit” (2004) 64 Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht 621–639Google Scholar

Ress, G. “The Effect of Decisions and Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in the Domestic Legal Order” (2005) 40 Texas International Law Journal 359–382Google Scholar

Reuter, P., “Le plan Schuman – La Communauté européenne du charbon et de l’acier,” Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law, vol. 81 (Leiden/Boston: Brill Nijhoff 1952), pp. 532–572Google Scholar

Rietiker, D., “The Principle of ‘Effectiveness’ in the Recent Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights: Its Different Dimensions and Its Consistency with Public International Law – No Need for the Concept of Treaty Sui Generis” (2010) 79 Nordic Journal of International Law 245–277Google Scholar

Risse, T. and Sikkink, K., “The Socialization of International Human Rights Norms into Domestic Practices: Introduction” in Risse, T., Ropp, S. C., and Sikkink, K. (eds.), The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999), pp. 1–38Google Scholar

Rittberger, V., Zangl, B., and Kruck, A., Internationale Organisationen (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2013)Google Scholar

Robertson, A. H., “Legal Problems of European Integration,” Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law, vol. 91 (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff 1957), pp. 105–211Google Scholar

Rosenstiel, F., Le principe de supranationalité: essai sur les rapports de la politique et du droit (Paris: A. Pédone 1962)Google Scholar

Ruedin, X.-B., Exécution des arrêts de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme: procédure, obligations des Etats, pratique et réforme (Basel: Helbing Lichtenhahn 2009)Google Scholar

Ruffert, M. and Walter, C., Institutionalisiertes Völkerrecht, 2nd ed. (Munich: C. H. Beck 2015)Google Scholar

Ruggie, J. G., Constructing the World Polity: Essays on International Institutionalization (London: Routledge 2000)Google Scholar

Sadurski, W., “Partnering with Strasbourg: Constitutionalisation of the European Court of Human Rights, the Accession of Central and East European States to the Council of Europe, and the Idea of Pilot Judgments” (2009) 9 Human Rights Law Review 397–453Google Scholar

Salerno, F., “Treaties Establishing Objective Regimes” in Cannizzaro, E. (ed.), The Law of Treaties Beyond the Vienna Convention (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011), pp. 225–243Google Scholar

Sandholtz, W., “Expanding Rights: Norm Innovation in the European and Inter-American Courts” in Brysk, A. and Stoh, M. (eds.), Expanding Human Rights (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar 2017), pp. 156–176Google Scholar

Sandholtz, W. and Stone Sweet, A., “Neo-Functionalism and Supranational Governance” in Jones, E., Menon, A., and Weatherill, S. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the European Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012), pp. 18–33Google Scholar

Sands, P. and Klein, P., Bowett’s Law of International Institutions, 6th ed. (London: Sweet & Maxwell 2009)Google Scholar

Sauer, H., “Principled Resistance against ECtHR Judgments in Germany” in Breuer, M. (ed.), Principled Resistance against ECtHR Judgments – A New Paradigm? (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2019), pp. 55–87Google Scholar

Saul, M., “The European Court of Human Rights’ Margin of Appreciation and the Processes of National Parliaments” (2015) 15 Human Rights Law Review 745–774Google Scholar

Scelle, G., Précis de droit des gens. Principes et systématique (Paris: Recueil Sirey 1932)Google Scholar

Scelle, G. Manuel élémentaire de droit international public (Paris: Domat-Montchrestien 1943)Google Scholar

Scelle, G. “Quelques réflexions sur l’abolition de la competence de guerre” (1954) 58 Revue générale de droit international public 5–22Google Scholar

Schabas, W. A., The European Convention on Human Rights: A Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2015)Google Scholar

Schermers, H. G. and Blokker, N. M., International Institutional Law, 5th ed. (Leiden/Boston: Brill Nijhoff 2011)Google Scholar

Schmahl, S., “The National Identity Criterion in the Crossfire between European Integration and the Preservation of National Sovereignty” in Breuer, M. (ed.), Principled Resistance against ECtHR Judgments – A New Paradigm? (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer 2019), pp. 299–322Google Scholar

Schmalenbach, K., “International Organizations or Institutions, General Aspects” in Wolfrum, R. (ed.), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, online ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2014)Google Scholar

Schmitz, K., Durchgriffswirkung von Massnahmen der UN und ihrer Sonderorganisationen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Resolutionen des UN-Sicherheitsrates: Die Entwicklung supranationaler Strukturen (Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang 2003)Google Scholar

Schout, A. and Wolff, S., “The ‘Paradox of Lisbon’: Supranationalism-Intergovernmentalism as an Administrative Concept” in Laursen, F. (ed.), The EU’s Lisbon Treaty: Institutional Choices and Implementation (Farnham: Ashgate 2012), pp. 21–39Google Scholar

Schroeder, W. and Müller, A. T., “Elements of Supranationality in the Law of International Organizations” in Fastenrath, U. et al. (eds.), From Bilateralism to Community Interest: Essays in Honour of Judge Bruno Simma (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011), pp. 358–378Google Scholar

Schütze, R., From Dual to Cooperative Federalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009)Google Scholar

Schütze, R. European Constitutional Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Schwantes, K. D., Die Supranationalität: Eine Untersuchung internationaler wirtschaftlicher Organisationen Europas im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (Cologne: University of Cologne 1962)Google Scholar

Seidl-Hohenveldern, I. and Loibl, G., Das Recht der internationalen Organisationen einschliesslich der supranationalen Gemeinschaften, 6th ed. (Cologne/Berlin: Heymanns Verlag 2000)Google Scholar

Shaffer, G. C. (ed.), “Transnational Legal Ordering and State Change,” Transnational Legal Ordering and State Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2012), pp. 1–22Google Scholar

Shahabuddeen, M., Precedent in the World Court (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1996)Google Scholar

Shany, Y., “Toward a General Margin of Appreciation Doctrine in International Law?” (2005) 16 European Journal of International Law 907–940Google Scholar

Shelton, D., “The Participation of Nongovernmental Organizations in International Judicial Proceedings” (1994) 88 American Journal of International Law 611–642Google Scholar

Shelton, D. “Introduction” in Shelton, D. (ed.), International Law and Domestic Legal Systems – Incorporation, Transformation, and Persuasion (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011), pp. 1–22Google Scholar

Shelton, D. “Significantly Disadvantaged? Shrinking Access to the European Court of Human Rights” (2016) 16 Human Rights Law Review 303–322Google Scholar

Shue, H., Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy, 2nd ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1996)Google Scholar

Sicilianos, L.-A., “The Role of the European Court of Human Rights in the Execution of Its Own Judgments: Reflections on Article 46 ECHR” in Seibert-Fohr, A. and Villiger, M. E. (eds.), Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights – Effects and Implementation (Baden-Baden: Nomos 2014), pp. 285–316Google Scholar

Sidjanski, D., Le principe supranational et le processus d’intégration dans les Communautés européennes (Paris: Association des études internationales 1962)Google Scholar

Sidjanski, D. The Federal Future of Europe: From the European Community to the European Union (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 2000)Google Scholar

Simma, B., “Reservations to Human Rights Treaties – Some Recent Developments” in Hafner, G. et al. (eds.), Liber Amicorum Professor Ignaz Seidl-Hohenveldern: In Honour of His 80th Birthday (The Hague: Kluwer Law International 1998), pp. 659–682Google Scholar

Simma, B. and Pulkowski, D., “Of Planets and the Universe” (2006) 17 European Journal of International Law 483–530Google Scholar

Skordas, A., “Supranational Law” in Wolfrum, R. (ed.), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, online ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Sloss, D. (ed.), “Treaty Enforcement in Domestic Courts: A Comparative Analysis,” The Role of Domestic Courts in Treaty Enforcement (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2009), pp. 1–60Google Scholar

Snow, A. H., “The Law of Nations” (1912) 6 American Journal of International Law 890–900Google Scholar

Spano, R., “Universality or Diversity of Human Rights?: Strasbourg in the Age of Subsidiarity” (2014) 14 Human Rights Law Review 487–502Google Scholar

Spaventa, E., “Opening Pandora’s Box: Some Reflections on the Constitutional Effects of the Decision in Pupino” (2007) 3 European Constitutional Law Review 5–24Google Scholar

Spielmann, D., “Keynote Address” in Seibert-Fohr, A. and Villiger, M. E. (eds.), Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights – Effects and Implementation (Farnham: Ashgate 2014), pp. 25–32Google Scholar

Spiermann, O., “The Other Side of the Story: An Unpopular Essay on the Making of the European Legal Order” (1999) 10 European Journal of International Law 763–789Google Scholar

Staden, A. von, “The Democratic Legitimacy of Judicial Review beyond the State: Normative Subsidiarity and Judicial Standards of Review” (2012) 10 International Journal of Constitutional Law 1023–1049Google Scholar

Stein, E., “Lawyers, Judges, and the Making of a Transnational Constitution” (1981) 75 American Journal of International Law 1–27Google Scholar

Stiansen, Ø. and Voeten, E., “Backlash and Judicial Restraint: Evidence from the European Court of Human Rights” (2020) 64 International Studies Quarterly 770–784Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, A., “On the Constitutionalization of the Convention: The European Court of Human Rights as a Constitutional Court” (2009) 80 Revue trimestrielle des droits de l’homme 1–14Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, A. “A Cosmopolitan Legal Order: Constitutional Pluralism and Rights Adjudication in Europe” (2012) 1 Global Constitutionalism 53–90Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, A. and Brunell, T. L., “Trustee Courts and the Judicialization of International Regimes” (2013) 1 Journal of Law and Courts 61–88Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, A. and Keller, H. (eds.), “Introduction: The Reception of the ECHR in National Legal Orders,” A Europe of Rights: The Impact of the ECHR on National Legal Systems (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2008), pp. 11–36Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, A. and Mathews, J., “Proportionality Balancing and Global Constitutionalism” (2008) 47 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 72–164Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, A. and Sandholtz, W., “European Integration and Supranational Governance” (1997) 4 Journal of European Public Policy 297–317Google Scholar

Swart, M., “Gap-Filling as Lawmaking: The Examples of the Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals” in Fabri, H. R., Wolfrum, R., and Gogolin, J. (eds.), Select Proceedings of the European Society of International Law, vol. II (Oxford: Hart 2010), pp. 313–330Google Scholar

Swedberg, R. and Agevall, O., The Max Weber Dictionary: Key Words and Central Concepts, 2nd ed. (Stanford: Stanford University Press 2016)Google Scholar

Szasz, P. C., “The Complexification of the United Nations System” (1999) 3 Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law 1–57Google Scholar

Tams, C. J., “The ‘International Community’ as a Legal Concept” in d’Aspremont, J. and Singh, S. (eds.), Concepts for International Law: Contributions to Disciplinary Thought (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar 2019), pp. 505–523Google Scholar

Thierry, H., “The European Tradition in International Law: Georges Scelle” (1990) 1 European Journal of International Law 193–209Google Scholar

Tomuschat, C., Human Rights: Between Idealism and Realism (Oxford: Oxford Uiversity Press 2014)Google Scholar

Tsebelis, G. and Garrett, G., “The Institutional Foundations of Intergovernmentalism and Supranationalism in the European Union” (2001) 55 International Organization 357–390Google Scholar

Tulkens, F., “The European Convention on Human Rights between International Law and Constitutional Law,” Dialogue between Judges (Strasbourg: European Court of Human Rights, Council of Europe 2007) www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Dialogue_2007_ENG.pdf (accessed July 23, 2020)Google Scholar

Tuori, K., “Transnational Law” in Maduro, M., Tuori, K., and Sankari, S. (eds.), Transnational Law: Rethinking European Law and Legal Thinking (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2014), pp. 11–58Google Scholar

Tzevelekos, V. P., “The Use of Article 31(3)(c) of the VCLT in the Case Law of the ECtHR: An Effective Anti-Fragmentation Tool or a Selective Loophole for the Reinforcement of Human Rights Teleology” (2010) 31 Michigan Journal of International Law 621–690Google Scholar

Ulfstein, G., “Institutions and Competences” in Klabbers, J., Peters, A., and Ulfstein, G. (eds.), The Constitutionalization of International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009), pp. 45–80Google Scholar

Ulfstein, G. “Treaty Bodies and Regimes” in Hollis, D. B. (ed.), The Oxford Guide to Treaties (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012), pp. 428–447Google Scholar

Van de Heyning, C. J., “The Natural ‘Home’ of Fundamental Rights Adjudication: Constitutional Challenges to the European Court of Human Rights” (2012) 31 Yearbook of European Law 128–161Google Scholar

Vazquez, C. M., “The Four Doctrines of Self-Executing Treaties” (1995) 89 American Journal of International Law 695–723Google Scholar

Venzke, I. and Thio, L., The Internal Effects of ASEAN External Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2016)Google Scholar

Verdross, A. von, “On the Concept of International Law” (1949) 43 American Journal of International Law 435–440Google Scholar

Vetsika, S.-E. and Tzevelekos, V. P., “In Integration We Trust? The Reception of Supranational Law in the Greek Legal Order: ‘A Tale of Love and Darkness’” (2010) 5 Stals Research Paper www.stals.sssup.it/files/stals_Vassilis_052010.pdf (accessed July 23, 2020)Google Scholar

Vila, M. I., “Subsidiarity, Margin of Appreciation and International Adjudication within a Cooperative Conception of Human Rights” (2017) 15 International Journal of Constitutional Law 393–413Google Scholar

Villalpando, S. “Definition and Classification of International Organizations: A Legal Approach” in Abi-Saab, G. (ed.), The Concept of International Organization (Paris: UNESCO 1981), pp. 50–66Google Scholar

Villalpando, S., “The Legal Dimension of the International Community: How Community Interests Are Protected in International Law” (2010) 21 European Journal of International 387–419Google Scholar

Voland, T. and Schiebel, B., “Advisory Opinions of the European Court of Human Rights: Unbalancing the System of Human Rights Protection in Europe?” (2017) 17 Human Rights Law Review 1–23Google Scholar

Wassenberg, B., History of the Council of Europe (Strasbourg: Council of Europe 2013)Google Scholar

Waters, M. A., “Creeping Monism: The Judicial Trend Toward Interpretive Incorporation of Human Rights Treaties” (2007) 107 Columbia Law Review 628–705Google Scholar

Weber, M., “Die ‘Objektivität’ sozialwissenschaftlicher und sozialpolitischer Erkenntnis” (1904) 19 Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik 22–87Google Scholar

Weil, P., “Towards Relative Normativity in International Law?” (1983) 77 The American Journal of International Law 413–442Google Scholar

Weiler, J. H. H., “The Community System: The Dual Character of Supranationalism” (1981) 1 Yearbook of European Law 267–306Google Scholar

Weiler, J. H. H. “The Transformation of Europe” (1991) 100 Yale Law Journal 2403–2483Google Scholar

Westbrook, J. L., “Legal Integration of NAFTA Through Supranational Adjudication” (2008) 43 Texas International Law Journal 349–358Google Scholar

Wet, E. and Vidmar, J., Hierarchy in International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Wheare, K. C., Federal Government (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1946)Google Scholar

Wildhaber, L., “Precedent in the European Court of Human Rights” in Mahoney, P. et al. (eds.), Protection des droits de l’homme: la perspective européenne /Protecting Human Rights: The European Perspective: Mélanges à la mémoire de /Studies in memory of Rolv Ryssdal (Cologne: Heymanns 2000), pp. 1529–1546Google Scholar

Wildhaber, L. “A Constitutional Future for the European Court of Human Rights” (2002) 23 Human Rights Law Journal 161–165Google Scholar

Wildhaber, L. “The Place of the European Court of Human Rights in the European Constitutional Landscape,” Conference of European Constitutional Courts XIIth Congress (2002) www.confeuconstco.org/reports/rep-xii/Report%20ECHR-EN.pdfGoogle Scholar

Wildhaber, L. “The European Court of Human Rights: The Past, the Present, the Future” (2007) 22 American University International Law Review 521–538Google Scholar

Wildhaber, L. “The European Convention on Human Rights and International Law” (2007) 56 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 217–232Google Scholar

Wildhaber, L. “Rethinking the European Court of Human Rights” in Christoffersen, J. and Madsen, M. R. (eds.), The European Court of Human Rights between Law and Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011), pp. 204–230Google Scholar

Wildhaber, L., Hjartarson, A., and Donnelly, S., “No Consensus on Consensus? The Practice of the European Court of Human Rights” (2013) 33 Human Rights Law Journal 248–263Google Scholar

Wolfrum, R. and Pichon, J., “Consensus,” Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, online ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2006)Google Scholar

Xenos, D., The Positive Obligations of the State under the European Convention of Human Rights (London: Routledge 2012)Google Scholar

Zysset, A., The ECHR and Human Rights Theory: Reconciling the Moral and the Political Conceptions (London: Routledge 2017)Google Scholar