Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T03:19:21.411Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2021

Daniel C. Laughlin
Affiliation:
University of Wyoming
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
A Framework for Community Ecology
Species Pools, Filters and Traits
, pp. 320 - 349
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ackerly, D. D., and Cornwell, W. K.. 2007. A trait-based approach to community assembly: partitioning of species trait values into within- and among-community components. Ecology Letters 10: 135145.Google Scholar
Adler, P. B., Smull, D., Beard, K. H., et al. 2018. Competition and coexistence in plant communities: intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. Ecology Letters 21: 13191329.Google Scholar
Allen, M. F., Swenson, W., Querejeta, J. I., Egerton-Warburton, L. M. and Treseder, K. K.. 2003. Ecology of mycorrhizae: a conceptual framework for complex interactions among plants and fungi. Annual Review of Phytopathology 41: 271303.Google Scholar
Allison, S. K., and Murphy, S. D. (eds.). 2017. Routledge Handbook of Ecological and Environmental Restoration. Routledge, New York.Google Scholar
Anderson, M. J., Crist, T. O., Chase, J. M., et al. 2011. Navigating the multiple meanings of β diversity: a roadmap for the practicing ecologist. Ecology Letters 14: 1928.Google Scholar
Anjos, M. B., De Oliveira, R. R. and Zuanon, J.. 2008. Hypoxic environments as refuge against predatory fish in the Amazonian floodplains. Brazilian Journal of Biology 68: 4550.Google Scholar
Archer, S. 1989. Have southern Texas savannas been converted to woodlands in recent history? The American Naturalist 134: 545561.Google Scholar
Archibold, O. W. 1995. Ecology of World Vegetation. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
Arendt, W. J. 1988. Range expansion of the Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) in the Greater Caribbean Basin. Colonial Waterbirds 11: 252262.Google Scholar
Armstrong, W., and Armstrong, J.. 2005. Stem photosynthesis not pressurized ventilation is responsible for light-enhanced oxygen supply to submerged roots of alder (Alnus glutinosa). Annals of Botany 96: 591612.Google Scholar
Axelrod, D. I. 1985. Rise of the grassland biome, central North America. The Botanical Review 51: 163201.Google Scholar
Badiou, P., Goldsborough, L. G. and Wrubleski, D.. 2011. Impacts of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) on freshwater ecosystems: a review. Pages 121146 in Carp: Habitat, Management and Diseases. Sanders, J. D. and Peterson, S. B. (eds.). Nova Science Publishers, New York.Google Scholar
Bartlett, M. K., Scoffoni, C., Ardy, R., et al. 2012. Rapid determination of comparative drought tolerance traits: using an osmometer to predict turgor loss point. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3: 880888.Google Scholar
Bartram, W. 1791. Travels Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws; Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions, Together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians. James and Johnson, Philadelphia, PA. (Electronic version, 2001, Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.)Google Scholar
Baskin, C. C., and Baskin, J. M.. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
Baskin, C., and Baskin, J.. 2014. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeogaphy, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
Beech, E., Rivers, M., Oldfield, S. and Smith, P. P.. 2017. GlobalTreeSearch: the first complete global database of tree species and country distributions. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 36: 454459.Google Scholar
de Bello, F., Thuiller, W., Lepš, J., et al. 2009. Partitioning of functional diversity reveals the scale and extent of trait convergence and divergence. Journal of Vegetation Science 20: 475486.Google Scholar
de Bello, F., Lavorel, S., Lavergne, S., et al. 2013. Hierarchical effects of environmental filters on the functional structure of plant communities: a case study in the French Alps. Ecography 36: 393402.Google Scholar
Belsky, A. J. 1992. Effects of grazing, competition, disturbance and fire on species composition and diversity in grassland communities. Journal of Vegetation Science 3: 187200.Google Scholar
Bergmann, J., Weigelt, A., van der Plas, F., et al. 2020. The fungal collaboration gradient dominates the root economics space in plants. Science Advances 6: eaba3756.Google Scholar
Bertness, M. D. 1991. Interspecific interactions among high marsh perennials in a New England Salt marsh. Ecology 72: 125137.Google Scholar
Biswell, H. H. 1974. Effect of fire on chaparral. Pages 321364 in Fire and Ecosystems. Kozlowski, T. T. and Ahlgren, C. E. (eds.). Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Blaney, C. S., and Mazerolle, D. M.. 2009. Rare plant inventory of lakes in the Ponhook – Molega Lakes region. Report to the Endangered Species Recovery Fund and Nova Scotia Species at Risk Conservation Fund. Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, Sackville, NB.Google Scholar
Bleakney, J. S. 1958. A Zoogeographical Study of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Eastern Canada. National Museum of Canada Bulletin No. 155. Queen’s Printer, Ottawa.Google Scholar
Blonder, B., Kapas, R. E., Dalton, R. M., et al. 2018. Microenvironment and functional‐trait context dependence predict alpine plant community dynamics. Journal of Ecology 106: 13231337.Google Scholar
Blossey, B., Schwarzländer, M., Häfliger, P., Casagrande, R. and Tewksbury, L.. 2002. Common reed. Pages 131138. in Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. Driesche, F. V., Blossey, B., Hoodle, M., Lyon, S. and Reardon, R. (eds.). United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Morgantown, WV.Google Scholar
Boesch, D. F., Josselyn, M. N., Mehta, A. J., et al. 1994. Scientific assessment of coastal wetland loss, restoration and management in Louisiana. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue 20.Google Scholar
Bond, W. J., and Keeley, J. E.. 2005. Fire as a global “herbivore”: the ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20: 387394.Google Scholar
Bond, W. J., Woodward, F. I. and Midgley, G. F.. 2005. The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire. New Phytologist 165: 525538.Google Scholar
Boonzaier, L., and Pauly, D.. 2016. Marine protection targets: an updated assessment of global progress. Oryx 50: 2735.Google Scholar
Boutin, C., and Keddy, P. A.. 1993. A functional classification of wetland plants. Journal of Vegetation Science 4: 591600.Google Scholar
Bowles, M., Jones, M., Wetstein, L., Hyerczk, R. and Klick, K.. 1994. Results of a Systematic Search for Thismia americana Pfeiffer in Illinois. Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL.Google Scholar
Bradley, D. 2013. Southern Ontario Vascular Plant Species List, 3rd ed. Southern Science and Information Section Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, ON.Google Scholar
Brejão, G. L., Gerhard, P. and Zuanon, J.. 2013. Functional trophic composition of the ichthyofauna of forest streams in eastern Brazilian Amazon. Neotropical Ichthyology 11: 361373.Google Scholar
Brodribb, T. J., Pittermann, J. and Coomes, D. A.. 2012. Elegance versus speed: examining the competition between conifer and angiosperm trees. International Journal of Plant Sciences 173: 673694.Google Scholar
Brown, A. M., Warton, D. I., Andrew, N. R., et al. 2014. The fourth-corner solution: using predictive models to understand how species traits interact with the environment. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5: 344352.Google Scholar
Brundrett, M. C. 2009. Mycorrhizal associations and other means of nutrition of vascular plants: understanding the global diversity of host plants by resolving conflicting information and developing reliable means of diagnosis. Plant and Soil 320: 3777.Google Scholar
Cadotte, M. W., and Davies, T. J.. 2016. Phylogenies in Ecology: A Guide to Concepts and Methods. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Cairns, J. (ed.) 1980. The Recovery Process in Damaged Ecosystems. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI.Google Scholar
Caliński, T., and Harabasz, J.. 1974. A dendrite method for cluster analysis. Communications in Statistics: Theory and Methods 3: 127.Google Scholar
Cameron, A. W. 1958. Mammals of the Islands in the. Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canada Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources, Ottawa.Google Scholar
Carmona, C. P., Tamme, R., Pärtel, M., et al. 2021. Erosion of global functional diversity across the tree of life. Science Advances 7: eabf2675.Google Scholar
Carrascal, L. M., Moreno, E. and Telleria, J. L.. 1990. Ecomorphological relationships in a group of insectivorous birds of temperate forests in winter. Holarctic Ecology 13: 105111.Google Scholar
Carson, W. P., and Pickett, S. T. A.. 1990. Role of resources and disturbance in the organization of an old-field plant community. Ecology 71: 226238.Google Scholar
Casatti, L., and Castro, R. M. C.. 2006. Testing the ecomorphological hypothesis in a headwater riffles fish assemblage of the rio São Francisco, southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 4: 203214.Google Scholar
Catling, P. M., and Brownell, V. R.. 1999a. The flora and ecology of southern Ontario granite barrens. Pages 392405 in Savannas, Barrens, and Rock Outcrop Plant Communities of North America. Anderson, R. C., Fralish, J. S. and Baskin, J. M. (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Catling, P. M., and Brownell, V. R.. 1999b. Alvars of the Great Lakes region. Pages 375391 in Savannas, Barrens, and Rock Outcrop Plant Communities of North America. Anderson, R. C., Fralish, J. S. and Baskin, J. M. (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Catling, P. M., and Dore, W. G.. 1982. Status and identification of Hydrocharis morus-ranae and Limnobium spongia (Hydrocharitaceae) in northeastern North America. Rhodora 84: 523545.Google Scholar
Catling, P. M., Cruise, J. E., McIntosh, K. L. and McKay, S. M.. 1975. Alvar vegetation in Southern Ontario. Ontario Field Biologist 29(2): 125.Google Scholar
Catling, P. M., Spicer, K. W., and Lefkovitch, L. P., 1988. Effects of the introduced floating vascular aquatic, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (Hydrocharitaceae), on some North American aquatic macrophytes. Naturaliste Canadien 115: 131137.Google Scholar
Chaneton, E. J., and Facelli, J. M.. 1991. Disturbance effects on plant community diversity: spatial scales and dominance hierarchies. Vegetatio 93: 143156.Google Scholar
Chapin, F. S. 1980. The mineral nutrition of wild plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11: 233260.Google Scholar
Cherlet, M., Hutchinson, C., Reynolds, J., et al. (eds.). 2018. World Atlas of Desertification. Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.Google Scholar
Chirima, G. J., Owen-Smith, N. and Erasmus, B. F. N.. 2012. Changing distributions of larger ungulates in the Kruger National Park from ecological aerial survey data. Koedoe 54: 2435.Google Scholar
Choat, B., Jansen, S., Brodribb, T. J., et al. 2012. Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought. Nature 491: 752755.Google Scholar
Christian, B., and Griffiths, T.. 2016. Algorithms to Live By: The Computer Science of Human Decisions. Allen Lane, Penguin Canada, Toronto.Google Scholar
Clark, C. W. 1973. The economics of overexploitation. Science 181: 630634.Google Scholar
Clark, M. A., Siegrist, J. and Keddy, P. A.. 2008. Patterns of frequency in species-rich vegetation in pine savannas: effects of soil moisture and scale. Ecoscience 15: 529535.Google Scholar
Clatworthy, J. N., and Harper, J. L.. 1962. The comparative biology of closely related species living in the same area: V. Inter- and intraspecific interference within cultures of Lemna spp. and Salvinia natans. Journal of Experimental Botany 13: 307324.Google Scholar
Clements, F. E. 1916. Plant Succession: An Analysis of the Development of Vegetation. Carnegie Institution of Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Clements, F. E. 1933. Competition in Plant Societies. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Clements, F. E., Weaver, J. E. and Hanson, H. C.. 1929. Plant Competition. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Cole, L. C. 1949. The measurement of interspecific association. Ecology 30: 411424.Google Scholar
Coley, P. D. 1983. Herbivory and defensive characteristics of tree species in a lowland tropical forest. Ecological Monographs 53: 209233.Google Scholar
Colinvaux, P. 1978. Why Big Fierce Animals Are Rare: An Ecologist’s Perspective. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Colinvaux, P. 1986. Ecology. Wiley and Sons, Toronto.Google Scholar
Colwell, R. K., and Coddington, J. A.. 1994. Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 345: 101118.Google Scholar
Connell, J. H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199: 13021310.Google Scholar
Cornell, H. V., and Harrison, S. P.. 2014. What are species pools and when are they important? Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 45: 4567.Google Scholar
Cornwell, W. K., and Ackerly, D. D.. 2009. Community assembly and shifts in plant trait distributions across an environmental gradient in coastal California. Ecological Monographs 79: 109126.Google Scholar
Cornwell, W. K., and Ackerly, D. D.. 2010. A link between plant traits and abundance: evidence from coastal California woody plants. Journal of Ecology 98: 814821.Google Scholar
COSEWIC 2010. COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Eastern Mountain Avens Geum peckii in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa.Google Scholar
Cowling, R. M., Rundel, P. W., Lamont, B. B., Arroyo, M. K. and Arianoutsou, M.. 1996. Plant diversity in Mediterranean-climate regions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11: 362366.Google Scholar
Crawford, R. M. M. 1982. Physiological response to flooding. Pages. 453–77 in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology. Large, O. L., Nobel, P. S., Osmond, C. B. and Ziegler, H. (eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
Crins, W. J., Gray, P. A., Uhlig, P. W. C. and Wester, M. C.. 2009. The Ecosystems of Ontario, Part 1: Ecozones and Ecoregions. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, ON.Google Scholar
Cruz, F., Carrion, V., Campbell, K. J., Lavoie, C. and Donlan, C. J.. 2009. Bio-economics of large-scale eradication of feral goats from Santiago Island, Galápagos. Journal of Wildlife Management 73: 191200.Google Scholar
Cummins, K. W. 1973. Trophic relationships of aquatic insects. Annual Review of Entomology 18: 83206.Google Scholar
Cummins, K. W., and Klug, M. J.. 1979. Feeding ecology of stream invertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 10: 147172.Google Scholar
Cummins, K. W., Merritt, R. W. and Andrade, P. C. N.. 2005. The use of invertebrate functional groups to characterize ecosystem attributes in selected streams and rivers in south Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 40: 6989.Google Scholar
Dale, M. 1999. Spatial Pattern Analysis in Plant Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Dansereau, P. 1959. Vascular aquatic plant communities of southern Quebec: a preliminary analysis. Transactions of the Northeast Wildlife Conference 10: 2754.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. R. 1855. Effect of salt-water on the germination of seeds. Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 47 (24 November): 773. From The Complete Works of Darwin Online (http://darwin-online.org.uk).Google Scholar
Daubenmire, R. F. 1968. The ecology of fire in grasslands. Advances in Ecological Research 5: 209266.Google Scholar
Davidson, D. W., Inouye, R. S. and Brown, J. H. 1984. Granivory in a desert ecosystem: experimental evidence for indirect facilitation of ants by rodents. Ecology 65: 17801786.Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. 1996. Climbing Mount Improbable. W.W. Norton, New York.Google Scholar
Day, R. T., Keddy, P. A., McNeill, J. and Carleton, T.. 1988. Fertility and disturbance gradients: a summary model for riverine marsh vegetation. Ecology 69: 1044–54.Google Scholar
deMenocal, P., Ortiz, J., Guilderson, T., et al. 2000. Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period: rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing. Quaternary Science Reviews 19: 347361.Google Scholar
Diamond, J. M. 1975. Assembly of species communities. Pages 342444 in Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Cody, M. L. and Diamond, J. M. (eds.). Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Diamond, J., and Case, T. J. (eds.). 1986. Community Ecology. Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
Díaz, S., Kattge, J., Cornelissen, J. H. C., et al. 2016. The global spectrum of plant form and function. Nature 529: 167171.Google Scholar
Diaz-Sierra, R., Verwijmeren, M., Rietkerk, M., Resco de Dios, V. and Baudena, M.. 2016. A new family of standardized and symmetric indices for measuring the intensity and importance of plant neighbour effects. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 8: 580591.Google Scholar
Digby, P. G. N., and Kempton, R. A.. 1987. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Communities. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
Dlott, F., and Turkington, R.. 2000. Regulation of boreal forest understory vegetation: the roles of resources and herbivores. Plant Ecology 151: 239251.Google Scholar
Dray, S., and Legendre, P.. 2008. Testing the species traits–environment relationships: the fourth-corner problem revisited. Ecology 89: 34003412.Google Scholar
Duchesne, L. C., and Larson, D. W.. 1989. Cellulose and the evolution of plant life. Bioscience 39: 238241.Google Scholar
Edmonds, J. (ed.) 1997. Oxford Atlas of Exploration. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, A., and Ehrlich, P.. 1981. Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species. Random House, New York.Google Scholar
Ejrnæs, R., Bruun, H. H. and Graae, B. J.. 2006. Community assembly in experimental grasslands: suitable environment or timely arrival? Ecology 87: 12251233.Google Scholar
Ellenberg, H., Weber, H. E., Düll, R., et al. 1991. Zeigwerte von Pflanzen in MittelEuropa. Scripta Geobotanica 18: 1248.Google Scholar
Ellner, S. P., Childs, D. Z. and Rees, M.. 2016. Data-Driven Modelling of Structured Populations: A Practical Guide to the Integral Projection Model. Springer, Gland.Google Scholar
Enquist, B. J., Norberg, J., Bonser, S. P., et al. 2015. Scaling from traits to ecosystems: developing a general trait driver theory via integrating trait-based and metabolic scaling theories. Advances in Ecological Research 52: 249318.Google Scholar
Eriksson, O. 1993. The species-pool hypothesis and plant community diversity. Oikos 68: 371374.Google Scholar
Fan, K., Tao, J., Zang, L., et al. 2019. Changes in plant functional groups during secondary succession in a tropical montane rain forest. Forests 10. doi:10.3390/f10121134.Google Scholar
Fernald, M. L. 1921. The Gray Herbarium expedition to Nova Scotia 1920. Rhodora 23: 89111, 130171, 184195, 233245, 257278, 284300.Google Scholar
Fierer, N., Strickland, M. S., Liptzin, D., Bradford, M. A. and Cleveland, C. C.. 2009. Global patterns in belowground communities. Ecology Letters 12: 12381249.Google Scholar
Foreman, D. 2004. Rewilding North America : A Vision for Conservation in the 21st Century. Island Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Foster, A. S., and Gifford, E. M., Jr. 1974. Comparative Morphology of Vascular Plants, 2nd ed. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA.Google Scholar
Fowells, H. A. 1965. Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Franco, A. C., and Nobel, P. S.. 1989. Effect of nurse plants on the microhabit and growth of cacti. Journal of Ecology 77: 870886.Google Scholar
Fraser, L. H., Pither, J., Jentsch, A., et al. 2015. Worldwide evidence of a unimodal relationship between productivity and plant species richness. Science 349: 302305.Google Scholar
Frenette-Dussault, C., Shipley, B., Meziane, D. and Hingrat, Y.. 2013. Trait-based climate change predictions of plant community structure in arid steppes. Journal of Ecology 101: 484492.Google Scholar
Frid, C. J. L. 1989. The role of recolonization processes in benthic communities, with special reference to the interpretation of predator-induced effects. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 126: 163171.Google Scholar
Funk, J. L., Cleland, E. E., Suding, K. N. and Zavaleta, E. S.. 2008. Restoration through reassembly: plant traits and invasion resistance. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23: 695703.Google Scholar
Funk, J. L., Larson, J. E., Ames, G. M., et al. 2017. Revisiting the Holy Grail: using plant functional traits to understand ecological processes. Biological Reviews 92: 11561173.Google Scholar
Fyllas, N. M., Quesada, C. A. and Lloyd, J.. 2012. Deriving plant functional types for Amazonian forests for use in vegetation dynamics models. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 14: 97110.Google Scholar
Garnier, E., Navas, M.-L. and Grigulis, K.. 2016. Plant Functional Diversity: Organism Traits, Community Structure, and Ecosystem Properties. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Gauch, H. G., Jr. 1982. Multivariate Analysis in Community Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Gaudet, C. L., and Keddy, P. A.. 1988. Predicting competitive ability from plant traits: a comparative approach. Nature 334: 242243.Google Scholar
Geho, E. M., Campbell, D. and Keddy, P. A.. 2007. Quantifying ecological filters: the relative impact of herbivory, neighbours, and sediment on an oligohaline marsh. Oikos 116: 10061016.Google Scholar
Gelman, A., and Hill, J.. 2006. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Gertenbach, W. P. D. 1983. Landscapes of the Kruger National Park. Koedoe 26: 9121.Google Scholar
Gibson, A. C., and Nobel, P. S.. 1986. The Cactus Primer. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Gilpin, M. E., Carpenter, M. P. and Pomerantz, M. J.. 1986. The assembly of a laboratory community: multispecies competition in Drosophila. Pages 2340 in Community Ecology. Diamond, J. and Case, T. J. (eds.). Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
Glitzenstein, J. S., Streng, D. R. and Wade, D. D.. 2003. Fire frequency effects on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Miller) vegetation in South Carolina and northeast Florida, USA. Natural Areas Journal 23: 2237.Google Scholar
Gnanadesikan, R. 1997. Methods for Statistical Data Analysis of Multivariate Observations, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, F. B., and Harrison, C. M.. 1976. Description and analysis of vegetation. Pages 85155 in Methods in Plant Ecology. Chapman, S.B. (ed.). Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.Google Scholar
Götzenberger, L., de Bello, F., Bråthen, K. A., et al. 2012. Ecological assembly rules in plant communities: approaches, patterns and prospects. Biological Reviews 87: 111127.Google Scholar
Goulding, M. 1980. The Fishes and the Forest: Explorations in Amazonian Natural History. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.Google Scholar
Grace, J. B. 2001. The roles of community biomass and species pools in the regulation of plant diversity. Oikos 92: 193207.Google Scholar
Grace, J. B., and Tilman, D. (eds.). 1990. Perspectives on Plant Competition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
Graham, J. B. 1997. Air Breathing Fishes. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
Greig-Smith, P. 1952. Use of random and contiguous quadrats in the study of the structure of plant communities. Annals of Botany 16: 293316.Google Scholar
Greig-Smith, P. 1957. Quantitative Plant Ecology. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Grime, J. P. 1973a. Control of species density in herbaceous vegetation. Journal of Environmental Management 1: 151167.Google Scholar
Grime, J. P. 1973b. Competitive exclusion in herbaceous vegetation. Nature 242: 344347.Google Scholar
Grime, J. P. 1977. Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. The American Naturalist 111: 11691194.Google Scholar
Grime, J. P. 1979. Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. Wiley, Chichester.Google Scholar
Grime, J. P. and R. Hunt. 1975. Relative growth rate: its range and adaptive influence in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 63: 393–422.Google Scholar
Grime, J. P., and Pierce, S.. 2012. The Evolutionary Strategies that Shape Ecosystems. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
Grime, J. P., Mason, G., Curtis, A. V., et al. 1981. A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69: 10171059.Google Scholar
Grime, J. P., Thompson, K., Hunt, R., et al. 1997. Integrated screening validates primary axes of specialisation in plants. Oikos 79: 259281.Google Scholar
Grubb, P. J. 1977. The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biological Reviews 52: 107145.Google Scholar
Grubb, P. J. 1986. Problems posed by sparse and patchily distributed species in species-rich plant communities. Pages 207225 in Community Ecology. Diamond, J. M. and Case, T. J. (eds.). Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
Guo, Q., Rundel, P. W., and Goodall, D. W.. 1998. Horizontal and vertical distribution of desert seed banks: patterns, causes, and implications. Journal of Arid Environments 38: 465478.Google Scholar
Hacke, U. G., Sperry, J. S., Pockman, W. T., Davis, S. D. and McCulloh, K. A.. 2001. Trends in wood density and structure are linked to prevention of xylem implosion by negative pressure. Oecologia 126: 457461.Google Scholar
Hall, C. A. S., Stanford, J. A. and Hauer, R.. 1992. The distribution and abundance of organisms as a consequence of energy balances along multiple environmental gradients. Oikos 65: 377390.Google Scholar
Hamann, O. 1979. Regeneration of vegetation on Santa Fe and Pinta Islands, Galápagos, after the eradication of goats. Biological Conservation 15: 215236.Google Scholar
Hamann, O. 1993. On vegetation recovery, goats and giant tortoises on Pinta Island, Galápagos, Ecuador. Biodiversity and Conservation 2: 138151.Google Scholar
Hansen, D. M., Donlan, C. J., Griffiths, C. J. and Campbell, K. J.. 2010. Ecological history and latent conservation potential: large and giant tortoises as a model for taxon substitutions. Ecography 33: 272284.Google Scholar
Harding, J. H. 2006. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.Google Scholar
Harper, J. L. 1977. Population Biology of Plants. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Harper, J. L., and McNaughton, I. H.. 1962. The comparative biology of closely related species living in the same area. VII. Interference between individuals in pure and mixed populations of Papaver species. New Phytologist 61: 175188.Google Scholar
Harris, J. A., Hobbs, R. J., Higgs, E. and Aronson, J.. 2006. Ecological restoration and global climate change. Restoration Ecology 14: 170176.Google Scholar
Hartman, J. M. 1988. Recolonization of small disturbance patches in a New England salt marsh. American Journal of Botany 75: 16251631.Google Scholar
He, F. 2010. Maximum entropy, logistic regression, and species abundance. Oikos 119: 578582.Google Scholar
Heck, K. L., and Valentine, J. F.. 2007. The primacy of top-down effects in shallow benthic ecosystems. Estuaries and Coasts 30: 371381.Google Scholar
Hecnar, S. J., and M’Closkey, R. T.. 1997. The effects of predatory fish on amphibian species richness and distribution. Biological Conservation 79: 123131.Google Scholar
Heffernan, M. 2011. Willful Blindness: Why We Ignore the Obvious at Our Peril. Doubleday Canada, Toronto.Google Scholar
Heinselman, M. L. 1973. Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quaternary Research 3: 329382.Google Scholar
Henry, H. A. L., and Jeffries, R. L. 2009. Opportunist herbivores, migratory connectivity and catastrophic shifts in arctic coastal systems. Pages 85102 in Human Impacts on Salt Marshes: A Global Perspective. Silliman, B. R., Grosholz, E. D. and Bertness, M. D. (eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.Google Scholar
HilleRisLambers, J., Adler, P. B., Harpole, W. S., Levine, J. M. and Mayfield, M. M.. 2012. Rethinking community assembly through the lens of coexistence theory. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 43: 227248.Google Scholar
Hoagland, B. W., and Collins, S. L.. 1997. Gradient models, gradient analysis, and hierarchical structure in plant communities. Oikos 78: 2330.Google Scholar
Hubbell, S. P., and Foster, R. B.. 1986. Biology, chance and history and the structure of the tropical rain forest tree communities. Pages 314–329 in Community Ecology. Diamond, J. and Case, T. J. (eds.). Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
Huston, M. A. 1979. A general hypothesis of species diversity. The American Naturalist 113: 81101.Google Scholar
Huston, M. A. 1994. Biological Diversity: The Coexistence of Species on Changing Landscapes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. 1958. Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology 22: 415427.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. 1959. Homage to Santa Rosalia or why are there so many kinds of animals? The American Naturalist 93: 145149.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. 1961. The paradox of the plankton. The American Naturalist 95: 137146.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. 1975. A Treatise on Limnology. Volume 3. Limnological Botany. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Jackson, J. B. C. 1981. Interspecific competition and species distributions: the ghosts of theories and data past. American Zoologist 21: 889901.Google Scholar
Jackson, J. B. C., and Coates, A. G.. 1986. Life cycles and evolution of clonal (modular) animals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 313: 722.Google Scholar
Jamil, T., Ozinga, W. A., Kleyer, M. and ter Braak, C. J. F.. 2013. Selecting traits that explain species–environment relationships: a generalized linear mixed model approach. Journal of Vegetation Science 24: 9881000.Google Scholar
Jaynes, E. T. 2003. Probability Theory: The Logic of Science. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Jeffreys, H. 1973. Scientific Inference, 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Jenny, H. 1941. Factors of Soil Formation: A System of Quantitative Pedology. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Jervis, R. A. 1969. Primary production in the freshwater marsh ecosystem of Troy Meadows, New Jersey. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 96: 209231.Google Scholar
Junk, W. J. 1984. Ecology of the várzea, floodplain of Amazonian white-water rivers. Pages 215243 in The Amazon Limnology and Landscape Ecology of a Mighty Tropical River and its Basin. Sioli, H. (ed.). Junk Publishers, The Hague.Google Scholar
Junk, W. J., Soares, M. G. M. and Saint-Paul, U.. 1997. The fish. Pages 385408 in The Central Amazon Floodplain: Ecology of a Pulsing System. Junk, W. J. (ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
Kattge, J., Bonisch, G., Diaz, S., et al. 2020. TRY plant trait database: enhanced coverage and open access. Global Change Biology 26: 119188.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 1983a. Freshwater wetlands human-induced changes: indirect effects must also be considered. Environmental Management 4: 299302.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 1983b. Shoreline vegetation in Axe Lake, Ontario: effects of exposure on zonation patterns. Ecology 64: 331344.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 1985. Lakeshore plants in the Tusket River Valley, Nova Scotia: the distribution and status of some rare species including Coreopsis rosea and Sabatia kennedyana. Rhodora 87: 309320.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 1987. Beyond reductionism and scholasticism in plant community ecology. Vegetatio 69: 209211.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 1990a. The use of functional as opposed to phylogenetic systematics: a first step in predictive community ecology. Pages 387406 in Biological Approaches and Evolutionary Trends in Plants. Kawano, S. (ed.). Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 1990b. Competitive hierarchies and centrifugal organization in plant communities. Pages 265290 in Perspectives on Plant Competition. Grace, J. and Tilman, D. (eds.). Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 1991a. Working with heterogeneity: an operator’s guide to environmental gradients. Pages 181201 Ecological Heterogeneity in Kolasa, J. and Pickett, S. T. A. (eds.). Springer Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 1991b. Reviewing a Festschrift: what are we doing with our scientific lives? Review of Diversity and Pattern in Scientific Communities (During, H. J. et al. 1998. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague). The Journal of Vegetation Science 2: 419424.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 1992. Assembly and response rules: two goals for predictive community ecology. Journal of Vegetation Science 3: 157164.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 1993. A pragmatic approach to functional ecology. Functional Ecology 6: 621626.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 2001. Competition, 2nd ed. Kluwer, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 2005. Putting the plants back into plant ecology: six pragmatic models for understanding and conserving plant diversity. (Invited Review). Annals of Botany 95: 113.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 2009. Thinking big: a conservation vision for the southeastern coastal plain of North America. Southeastern Naturalist 8: 213226.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 2017. Plant Ecology: Origins, Processes, Consequences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A. 2020. Darwin Meets the Buddha: Human Nature, Buddha Nature, Wild Nature. Sumeru Press, Ottawa.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A., and Shipley, B.. 1989. Competitive hierarchies in herbaceous plant communities. Oikos 54: 234241.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A., Fraser, L. H. and Wisheu, I. C.. 1998. A comparative approach to examine competitive response of 48 wetland plant species. Journal of Vegetation Science 9: 777786.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A., Gaudet, C. and Fraser, L. H.. 2000. Effects of low and high nutrients on the competitive hierarchy of 26 shoreline plants. Journal of Ecology 88: 413423.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A., Smith, L., Campbell, D. R., Clark, M. and Montz, G.. 2006. Patterns of herbaceous plant diversity in southeastern Louisiana pine savannas. Applied Vegetation Science 9: 1726.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A., Campbell, D., McFalls, T., et al. 2007. The wetlands of lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas: past, present and future. Environmental Reviews 15: 135.Google Scholar
Keddy, P. A., Gough, L., Nyman, J. A., et al. 2009. Alligator hunters, pelt traders, and runaway consumption of Gulf coast marshes: a trophic cascade perspective on coastal wetland losses. Pages 115133 in Human Impacts on Salt Marshes: A Global Perspective. Silliman, B. R., Grosholz, E. D. and Bertness, M. D. (eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.Google Scholar
Kellman, M., and Kading, M.. 1992. Facilitation of tree seedling establishment in a sand dune succession. Journal of Vegetation Science 3: 679688.Google Scholar
Kelly, R., Healy, K., Anand, M., et al. 2021. Climatic and evolutionary contexts are required to infer plant life history strategies from functional traits at a global scale. Ecology Letters 24: 970983.Google Scholar
Kempton, R. A. 1979. The structure of species abundance and the measurement of diversity. Biometrics 35: 307321.Google Scholar
Kenkel, N. C. 2006. On selecting an appropriate multivariate analysis. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86: 663676.Google Scholar
Kenrick, P., and Crane, P. R.. 1997. The origin and early evolution of plants on land. Nature 389: 3339.Google Scholar
Kershaw, K. A. 1973. Quantitative and Dynamic Plant Ecology, 2nd ed. Edward Arnold, London.Google Scholar
King, J. 1997. Reaching for the Sun: How Plants Work. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Kleyer, M., Bekker, R. M., Knevel, I. C., et al. 2008. The LEDA Traitbase: a database of life-history traits of the Northwest European flora. Journal of Ecology 96: 12661274.Google Scholar
Kraft, N. J. B., Valencia, R. and Ackerly, D. D.. 2008. Functional traits and niche-based tree community assembly in an Amazonian forest. Science 322: 580582.Google Scholar
Kraft, N. J. B., Comita, L. S., Chase, J. M., et al. 2011. Disentangling the drivers of β diversity along latitudinal and elevational gradients. Science 333: 17551758.Google Scholar
Kraft, N. J. B., Adler, P. B., Godoy, O., et al. 2015. Community assembly, coexistence and the environmental filtering metaphor. Functional Ecology 29: 592599.Google Scholar
Kramer, D. L., Lindsay, C. C., Moodie, G. E. E. and Stevens, E. D.. 1978. The fishes and the aquatic environment of the Central Amazon basin, with particular reference to respiratory patterns. Canadian Journal of Zoology 56: 717729.Google Scholar
Kramer-Walter, K. R., Bellingham, P. J., Millar, T. R., et al. 2016. Root traits are multidimensional: specific root length is independent from root tissue density and the plant economic spectrum. Journal of Ecology 104: 12991310.Google Scholar
Kröpelin, S., Verschuren, D., Lézine, A.-M., et al. 2008. Climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the past 6000 years. Science 329: 765768.Google Scholar
Lack, D. 1964. A long-term study of the Great Tit (Parus major). Journal of Animal Ecology 33: 159173.Google Scholar
Laliberté, E., Shipley, B., Norton, D. A. and Scott, D.. 2012. Which plant traits determine abundance under long-term shifts in soil resource availability and grazing intensity? Journal of Ecology 100: 662677.Google Scholar
Lane, N. 2010. Life Ascending: Ten Great Inventions of Evolution. W.W. Norton, New York.Google Scholar
Larcher, W. 1995. Physiological Plant Ecology: Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups, 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Larcher, W. 2003. Physiological Plant Ecology: Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups, 4th ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
Larter, M., Brodribb, T. J., Pfautsch, S., et al. 2105. Extreme aridity pushes trees to their physical limits Plant Physiology 168: 804807.Google Scholar
Latham, P. J., Pearlstine, L. G. and Kitchens, W. M.. 1994. Species association changes across a gradient of freshwater, oligohaline, and mesohaline tidal marshes along the lower Savannah River. Wetlands 14: 174183.Google Scholar
Latham, R. E., Beyea, J., Benner, M., et al. 2005. Managing White-tailed Deer in Forest Habitat from an Ecosystem Perspective: Pennsylvania Case Study. Audubon Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania Habitat Alliance, Harrisburg, PA.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C. 2014. The intrinsic dimensionality of plant traits and its relevance to community assembly. Journal of Ecology 102: 186193.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C. 2018. Rugged fitness landscapes and Darwinian demons in trait-based ecology. New Phytologist 217: 501503.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C., and Fulé, P. Z.. 2008. Wildland fire effects on understory plant communities in two fire-prone forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38: 133142.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C., and Laughlin, D. E.. 2013. Advances in modelling trait-based plant community assembly. Trends in Plant Science 18: 584593.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C., and Joshi, C.. 2015. Theoretical consequences of trait-based environmental filtering for the breadth and shape of the niche: new testable hypotheses generated by the Traitspace model. Ecological Modelling 307: 1021.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C., and Messier, J.. 2015. Fitness of multidimensional phenotypes in dynamic adaptive landscapes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 80: 487496.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C., Bakker, J. D., Stoddard, M. T., et al. 2004. Toward reference conditions: wildfire effects on flora in an old-growth ponderosa pine forest. Forest Ecology and Management 199: 137152.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C., Fulé, P. Z., Huffman, D. W., Crouse, J. and Laliberté, E.. 2011. Climatic constraints on trait-based forest assembly. Journal of Ecology 99: 14891499.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C., Joshi, C., van Bodegom, P. M., Bastow, Z. A. and Fulé, P. Z.. 2012. A predictive model of community assembly that incorporates intraspecific trait variation. Ecology Letters 15: 12911299.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C., Joshi, C., Richardson, S. J., et al. 2015. Quantifying multimodal trait distributions improves trait-based predictions of species abundances and functional diversity. Journal of Vegetation Science 26: 4657.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C., Strahan, R. T., Huffman, D. W. and Sánchez Meador, A. J.. 2017. Using trait-based ecology to restore resilient ecosystems: historical conditions and the future of montane forests in western North America. Restoration Ecology 25: S135S146.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C., Chalmandrier, L., Joshi, C., et al. 2018a. Generating species assemblages for restoration and experimentation: A new method that can simultaneously converge on average trait values and maximize functional diversity. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 9: 17641771.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C., Strahan, R. T., Adler, P. B. and Moore, M. M.. 2018b. Survival rates indicate that correlations between community-weighted mean traits and environments can be unreliable estimates of the adaptive value of traits. Ecology Letters 21: 411421.Google Scholar
Laughlin, D. C., Gremer, J. R., Adler, P. B., Mitchell, R. M. and Moore, M. M.. 2020. The net effect of functional traits on fitness. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 35: 10371047.Google Scholar
Lavorel, S., Grigulis, K., McIntyre, S., et al. 2008. Assessing functional diversity in the field: methodology matters! Functional Ecology 22: 134147.Google Scholar
Leacock, S. 1911. Nonsense Novels. John Lane, London.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, J., Mockford, S. W. and Herman, T. B.. 2012. Ecology of a recently discovered population segment of Blanding’s Turtles, Emydoidea blandingii, in Barren Meadow and Keddy Brooks, Nova Scotia. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 126: 8994.Google Scholar
Legendre, P., Galzin, R. and Harmelin-Vivien, M. L.. 1997. Relating behavior to habitat: solutions to the fourth‐corner problem. Ecology 78: 547562.Google Scholar
Levin, H. L., and King, D. T.. 2017. The Earth Through Time, 11th ed. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.Google Scholar
Louisiana Natural Heritage Program. 2009. The Natural Communities of Louisiana. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA.Google Scholar
Loveless, C. M. 1959. A study of the vegetation in the Florida everglades. Ecology 40: 19.Google Scholar
Lowe-McConnell, R. H. 1975. Fish Communities in Tropical Freshwaters: Their Distribution, Ecology and Evolution. Longman, London.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R. H. 1958. Population ecology of some warblers of northeastern coniferous forests. Ecology 39: 599619.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R. H. 1972. Geographical Ecology: Patterns in the Distribution of Species. Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R. H., and Wilson, E. O.. 1967. The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Maglianesi, M. A., Blüthgen, N., Böhning-Gaese, K. and Schleuning, M.. 2014. Morphological traits determine specialization and resource use in plant–hummingbird networks in the neotropics. Ecology 95: 33253334.Google Scholar
Magnuson, J. J., Paszkowski, C. A., Rahel, F. J. and Tonn, W. M.. 1989. Fish ecology in severe environments of small isolated lakes in northern Wisconsin. Pages 487515 in Freshwater Wetlands and Wildlife. Sharitz, R. and Gibbons, J. W. (eds.). US Department of the Environment, Oak Ridge, TN.Google Scholar
Magnússon, B., Magnússon, S. H., Ólafsson, E. and Sigurdsson, B. D.. 2014. Plant colonization, succession and ecosystem development on Surtsey with reference to neighbouring islands. Biogeosciences 11: 55215537.Google Scholar
Magurran, A. E., and McGill, B. J.. 2011. Biological Diversity: Frontiers in Measurement and Assessment. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Maherali, H., Pockman, W. T. and Jackson, R. B.. 2004. Adaptive variation in the vulnerability of woody plants to xylem cavitation. Ecology 85: 21842199.Google Scholar
Major, J. 1951. A functional factorial approach to plant ecology. Ecology 32: 392412.Google Scholar
Marks, C. O., and Muller-Landau, H. C.. 2007. Comment on “From plant traits to plant communities: a statistical mechanistic approach to biodiversity.” Science 316: 1425c.Google Scholar
Masese, F. O., Kitaka, N., Kipkemboi, J., et al. 2014. Macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups in Kenyan highland streams: evidence for a diverse shredder guild. Freshwater Science 33: 435450.Google Scholar
Mason, N. W. H., Richardson, S. J., Peltzer, D. A., et al. 2012. Changes in coexistence mechanisms along a long-term soil chronosequence revealed by functional trait diversity. Journal of Ecology 100: 678689.Google Scholar
Matheson, A. C., and Raymond, C. A.. 1986. A review of provenance × environment interaction: its practical importance and use with particular reference to the tropics. The Commonwealth Forestry Review 65: 283302.Google Scholar
Matyas, C. 1994. Modeling climate change effects with provenance test data. Tree Physiology 14: 797804.Google Scholar
May, R. M. 1973. Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
May, R. M. 1981. Patterns in multi-species communities. Pages 197227 in Theoretical Ecology. May, R. M. (ed.). Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
May, R. M. 1986. The search for patterns in the balance of nature: advances and retreats. Ecology 67: 11151126.Google Scholar
Mayfield, M. M., and Levine, J. M.. 2010. Opposing effects of competitive exclusion on the phylogenetic structure of communities. Ecology Letters 13: 10851093.Google Scholar
Mayfield, M. M., and Stouffer, D. B.. 2017. Higher-order interactions capture unexplained complexity in diverse communities. Nature Ecology and Evolution 1: 0062.Google Scholar
Mayr, E. 1982. The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
McCarthy, M. A. 2007. Bayesian Methods for Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
McCune, B., and Grace, J. B.. 2002. Analysis of Ecological Communities. MJM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, OR.Google Scholar
McFalls, T., Keddy, P. A., Campbell, D. and Shaffer, G.. 2010. Hurricanes, floods, levees, and nutria: vegetation responses to interacting disturbance and fertility regimes with implications for coastal wetland restoration. Journal of Coastal Research 26: 901911.Google Scholar
McGill, B. J., Enquist, B. J., Weiher, E. and Westoby, M.. 2006. Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21: 178185.Google Scholar
Meave, J., Kellman, M., MacDougall, A. and Rosales, J.. 1991. Riparian habitats as tropical forest refugia. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 1: 6976.Google Scholar
Médail, F., and Quézel, P.. 1999. Biodiversity hotspots in the Mediterranean basin: setting global conservation priorities. Conservation Biology 13: 15101513.Google Scholar
Merow, C., Latimer, A. M. and Silander, J. A., Jr. 2011. Can entropy maximization use functional traits to explain species abundances? A comprehensive evaluation. Ecology 92: 15231537.Google Scholar
Merow, C., Dahlgren, J. P., Metcalf, C. J. E., et al. 2014. Advancing population ecology with integral projection models: a practical guide. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5: 99110.Google Scholar
Merritt, R. W., and Cummins, K. W. (eds.). 1984. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, 2nd ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, IA.Google Scholar
Miller, J. E. D., Damschen, E. I. and Ives, A. R.. 2018. Functional traits and community composition: a comparison among community-weighted means, weighted correlations, and multilevel models. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 10: 415425.Google Scholar
Mittelbach, G. G., and McGill, B. J.. 2019. Community Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Moles, A. T., Ackerly, D. D., Webb, C. O., et al. 2005. A brief history of seed size. Science 307: 576580.Google Scholar
Molina-Venegas, R., Aparicio, A., Pina, F. J., Valdés, B. and Arroyo, J.. 2013. Disentangling environmental correlates of vascular plant biodiversity in a Mediterranean hotspot. Ecology and Evolution 3: 38793894 (plus corrigendum p. 4849).Google Scholar
Moolman, H. J., and Cowling, R. M.. 1994. The impact of elephant and goat grazing on the endemic flora of South African succulent thicket. Biological Conservation 68: 5361.Google Scholar
Mooney, H. A., and Dunn, E. L.. 1970. Convergent evolution of Mediterranean climate evergreen sclerophyll shrubs. Evolution 24: 292303.Google Scholar
Mora, C., Tittensor, D. P., Adl, S., Simpson, A. G. B. and Worm, B.. 2011. How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean? PLoS Biology 9: e1001127.Google Scholar
Morton, J. K., and Venn, J. M.. 1990. A Checklist of the Flora of Ontario: Vascular Plants. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON.Google Scholar
Mueller-Dombois, D., and Ellenberg, H.. 1974. Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Münkemüller, T., Gallien, L., Pollock, L. J., et al. 2020. Dos and don’ts when inferring assembly rules from diversity patterns. Global Ecology and Biogeography 29: 12121229.Google Scholar
Muscarella, R., and Uriarte, M.. 2016. Do community-weighted mean functional traits reflect optimal strategies? Proceedings of the Royal Society B 283: 2015. 2434Google Scholar
Myers, J. A., and Harms, K. E.. 2009. Seed arrival, ecological filters, and plant species richness: a meta‐analysis. Ecology Letters 12: 12501260.Google Scholar
Myers, J. A., and Harms, K. E.. 2011. Seed arrival and ecological filters interact to assemble high‐diversity plant communities. Ecology 92: 676686.Google Scholar
Myers, J. A., Chase, J. M., Jiménez, I., et al. 2013. Beta-diversity in temperate and tropical forests reflects dissimilar mechanisms of community assembly. Ecology Letters 16: 151157.Google Scholar
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B. and Kent, J.. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853858.Google Scholar
Myers, R. A., and Worm, B. 2003. Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities. Nature 423: 280283.Google Scholar
Niklas, K. J., Tiffney, B. H. and Knoll, A. H.. 1983. Patterns in vascular land plant diversification. Nature 303: 614616.Google Scholar
Niklas, K. J., Tiffney, B. H. and Knoll, A. H.. 1985. Patterns in vascular plant diversification: an analysis at the species level. Pages 97128 in Phanerozoic Diversity Pattern: Profiles in Macroevolution. Valentine, J. W. (ed.). Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Noss, R. F., and Cooperrider, A. Y.. 1994. Saving Nature’s Legacy. Island Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Oksanen, L., Fretwell, S. D., Arruda, J. and Niemelä, P.. 1981. Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity. The American Naturalist 118: 240261.Google Scholar
Oksanen, L., Aunapuu, M., Oksanen, T., et al. 1997. Outlines of food webs in a low arctic tundra landscape in relation to three theories on trophic dynamics. Pages 351373 in Multitrophic Interactions in Terrestrial Systems. Gange, A. C. and Brown, V.K. (eds.). Blackwell Science, Oxford.Google Scholar
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F. G., Friendly, M., et al. 2019. Vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.5-6. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan.Google Scholar
Oldham, M. J., Bakowsky, W. D. and Sutherland, D. A.. 1995. Floristic Quality Assessment System for Southern Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, ON.Google Scholar
Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., et al. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience 51: 933938.Google Scholar
O’Neil, T. 1949. The Muskrat in the Louisiana Coastal Marshes. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, New Orleans, LA.Google Scholar
Orloci, L. 1978. Multivariate Analysis in Vegetation Research, 2nd ed. Junk, The Hague.Google Scholar
Ott, J. P., Klimešová, J. and Hartnett, D. C.. 2019. The ecology and significance of below-ground bud banks in plants. Annals of Botany 123: 10991118.Google Scholar
Ouellet, C. E., and Sherk, L. C. 1967. Woody ornamental plant zonation III: suitability map of the probable winter survival of ornamental trees and shrubs. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 47: 351358.Google Scholar
Paine, C. E. T., and Harms, K. E.. 2009. Quantifying the effects of seed arrival and environmental conditions on tropical seedling community structure. Oecologia 160: 139150.Google Scholar
Pake, C. E., and Venable, D. L.. 1996. Seed banks in desert annuals: implications for persistence and coexistence in variable environments. Ecology 77: 14271435.Google Scholar
Parolin, P. 2009. Submerged in darkness: adaptations to prolonged submergence by woody species of the Amazonian floodplains. Annals of Botany 103: 359376.Google Scholar
Pärtel, M., Zobel, M., Zobel, K. and van der Maarel, E.. 1996. The species pool and its relationship to species richness: evidence from Estonian plant communities. Oikos 75: 111117.Google Scholar
Pausas, J. G. 2015. Bark thickness and fire regime. Functional Ecology 29: 315327.Google Scholar
Pavord, A. 2005. The Naming of Names: The Search for Order in the World of Plants. Bloomsbury, New York.Google Scholar
Peet, R. K. 1974. The measurement of species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5: 285307.Google Scholar
Peet, R. K., and Allard, D. J.. 1993. Longleaf pine-dominated vegetation of the southern Atlantic and eastern Gulf Coast region, USA. Pages 4581 in Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire. Ecology Conference 18. S.M Hermann (ed.). Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.Google Scholar
Penfound, W. T., and Hathaway, E. S. 1938. Plant communities in the marshlands of southeastern Louisiana. Ecological Monographs 8: 156.Google Scholar
Pennings, S. C., Carefoot, T. H., Siska, E. L., Chase, M. E., and Page, T. A.. 1998. Feeding preferences of a generalist salt-marsh crab: relative importance of multiple plant traits. Ecology 79: 19681979.Google Scholar
Peres-Neto, P. R., Dray, S. and ter Braak, C. J. F.. 2017. Linking trait variation to the environment: critical issues with community-weighted mean correlation resolved by the fourth-corner approach. Ecography 40: 806816.Google Scholar
Pessanha, A. L. M., Araújo, F. G., Oliveira, R. E. M. C. C., Ferreira da Silva, A., and Sales, N. S.. 2015. Ecomorphology and resource use by dominant species of tropical estuarine juvenile fishes. Neotropical Icthyology 13: 401412.Google Scholar
Peters, R. H. 1980. From natural history to ecology. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 23: 191203.Google Scholar
Peters, R. H. 1992. A Critique for Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Peterson, R. T. 1980. A Field Guide to the Birds, 4th ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, N. E. 1914. Morphology of Thismia americana. Botanical Gazette 57: 122135.Google Scholar
Pianka, E. R. 1981. Competition and niche theory. Pages 167196 in Theoretical Ecology. May, R. M. (ed.). Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
Pianka, E. R. 1983. Evolutionary Ecology, 3rd ed. Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
Pickett, S. T. A., and White, P. S.. 1985. The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.Google Scholar
Pielou, E. C. 1975. Ecological Diversity. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Pielou, E. C., and Routledge, R. D.. 1976. Salt marsh vegetation: latitudinal gradients in the zonation patterns. Oecologia 24: 311321.Google Scholar
Pimm, S. L. 2001. The World According to Pimm: A Scientist Audits the Earth. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Pistón, N., de Bello, F., Dias, A. T. C., et al. 2019. Multidimensional ecological analyses demonstrate how interactions between functional traits shape fitness and life history strategies. Journal of Ecology 107: 23172328.Google Scholar
Pla, L., Casanoves, F. and Di Rienzo, J.. 2012. Quantifying Functional Biodiversity. Springer, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Poelwijk, F. J., Kiviet, D. J., Weinreich, D. M. and Tans, S. J.. 2007. Empirical fitness landscapes reveal accessible evolutionary paths. Nature 445: 383386.Google Scholar
Pollock, L. J., Morris, W. K. and Vesk, P. A.. 2012. The role of functional traits in species distributions revealed through a hierarchical model. Ecography 35: 716725.Google Scholar
Power, M. E. 1992. Top-down and bottom-up forces in food webs: do plants have primacy? Ecology 73: 733746.Google Scholar
Preston, F. W. 1962a. The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity: Part I. Ecology 43: 185215.Google Scholar
Preston, F. W. 1962b. The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity: Part II. Ecology 43: 410432.Google Scholar
Purcell, A. S. T., Lee, W. G., Tanentzap, A. J. and Laughlin, D. C.. 2019. Fine root traits are correlated with flooding duration while aboveground traits are related to grazing in an ephemeral wetland. Wetlands 39: 291302.Google Scholar
Rabinowitz, D. 1981. Seven forms of rarity. Pages 205217 in The Biological Aspects of Rare Plant Conservation. Synge, H. (ed.). Wiley, Chichester.Google Scholar
Raunkiaer, C. 1908. The statistics of life-forms as a basis for biological plant geography. Translated from Danish and republished in 1934. Pages 111147 in The Life Forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography: Being the Collected Papers of Raunkiaer. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The Life Forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography: Being the Collected Papers of Raunkiaer. Translated from the Danish, French and German. Preface by A. G. Tansley. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Raup, D. N. 1966. Geometric analysis of shell coiling: general problems. Journal of Paleontology 40: 11781190.Google Scholar
Raven, P. H., Evert, R. F. and Eichhorn, S. E.. 2005. Biology of Plants, 7th ed. W. H. Freeman, New York.Google Scholar
Raymond, M. 1950. Esquisse Phytogéographique du Quebec. Jardin Botanique de Montréal, Montréal.Google Scholar
Reader, J. 1997. Africa: A Biography of the Continent. Hamish Hamilton, London.Google Scholar
Redford, K. H. 1992. The empty forest. Bioscience 42: 412422.Google Scholar
Renner, S. C., and Hoesel, W.. 2017. Ecological and functional traits in 99 bird species over a large-scale gradient in Germany. Data 2(12).Google Scholar
Reznicek, A. A., and Catling, P. M.. 1989. Flora of Long Point, Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk, Ontario. Michigan Botanist 28: 99175.Google Scholar
Richards, P. W. 1996. The Tropical Rain Forest. An Ecological Study, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rigler, F. H. 1982. Recognition of the possible: an advantage of empiricism in ecology. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39: 13231331.Google Scholar
Rigler, F. H., and Peters, R. H.. 1995. Science and Limnology. Ecology Institute, Oldendorf/Lutie.Google Scholar
Ripple, W. J., Estes, J. A., Beschta, R. L., et al. 2014. Status and ecological effects of the world’s largest carnivores. Science 343: 1241484.Google Scholar
Rodkin, D. 1994. Searching for Thismia. Chicago Reader (September 22–28). www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/searching-for-thismia/Content?oid=885570.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, R. C., Hasul, E., Assis, J. C., et al. 2019. ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America. Ecology 100: e02647Google Scholar
Roland, A. E., and Smith, E. C.. 1969. The Flora of Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, NS.Google Scholar
Rosenzweig, M. L. 1995. Species Diversity in Space and Time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Roskov, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., et al. (eds.). 2018. Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2018 Annual Checklist. www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2018.Google Scholar
Roxburgh, S. H., and Mokany, K.. 2007. Comment on “From plant traits to plant communities: a statistical mechanistic approach to biodiversity.” Science 316: 1425b.Google Scholar
Rüger, N., Condit, R., Dent, D. H., et al. 2020. Demographic trade-offs predict tropical forest dynamics. Science 368: 165168.Google Scholar
Saavedra, S., Rohr, R. P., Bascompte, J., et al. 2017. A structural approach for understanding multispecies coexistence. Ecological Monographs 87: 470486.Google Scholar
Salguero‐Gómez, R., Jones, O. R., Archer, C. R., et al. 2015. The COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database: an open online repository for plant demography. Journal of Ecology 103: 202218.Google Scholar
Salisbury, E. J. 1942. The Reproductive Capacity of Plants: Studies in Quantitative Biology. G. Bell and Sons Ltd, London.Google Scholar
Savile, D. B. O. 1956. Known dispersal rates and migratory potentials as clues to the origin of the North American biota. The American Midland Naturalist 56: 434453.Google Scholar
Sculthorpe, C. D. 1967. The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. Reprinted 1985. Edward Arnold, London.Google Scholar
Severinghaus, W. D. 1981. Guild theory development as a mechanism for assessing environmental impact. Environmental Management 5: 187190.Google Scholar
Shao, S, Quan, Q., Cai, T., et al. 2016. Evolution of body morphology and beak shape revealed by a morphometric analysis of 14 Paridae species. Frontiers in Zoology 13: 30.Google Scholar
Shimwell, D. W. 1971. The Description and Classification of Vegetation. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.Google Scholar
Shipley, B. 2010. From Plant Traits to Vegetation Structure: Chance and Selection in the Assembly of Ecological Communities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Shipley, B., and Keddy, P. A.. 1987. The individualistic and community-unit concepts as falsifiable hypotheses. Vegetatio 69: 4755.Google Scholar
Shipley, B., and Parent, M. 1991. Germination responses of 64 wetland species in relation to seed size, minimum time to reproduction and seedling relative growth rate. Functional Ecology 5: 111118.Google Scholar
Shipley, B., Keddy, P. A., Moore, D. R. J. and Lemky, K.. 1989. Regeneration and establishment strategies of emergent macrophytes. Journal of Ecology 77: 10931110.Google Scholar
Shipley, B., Vile, D. and Garnier, É. 2006. From plant traits to plant communities: a statistical mechanistic approach to biodiversity. Science 314: 812814.Google Scholar
Shipley, B., Laughlin, D. C., Sonnier, G. and Otfinowski, R.. 2011. A strong test of a maximum entropy model of trait-based community assembly. Ecology 92: 507517.Google Scholar
Shipley, B., Paine, C. E. T. and Baraloto, C.. 2012. Quantifying the importance of local niche-based and stochastic processes to tropical tree community assembly. Ecology 93: 760769.Google Scholar
Shurin, J. B. 2000. Dispersal limitation, invasion resistance, and the structure of pond zooplankton communities. Ecology 81: 30743086.Google Scholar
Silliman, B. R., and Zieman, J. C. 2001. Top-down control of Spartina alterniflora production by periwinkle grazing in a Virginia salt marsh. Ecology 82: 2830–2845.Google Scholar
Simberloff, D. 1984. The great god of competition. The Sciences 24: 1722.Google Scholar
Simpson, A. H., Richardson, S. J. and Laughlin, D. C.. 2016. Soil–climate interactions explain variation in foliar, stem, root and reproductive traits across temperate forests. Global Ecology and Biogeography 25: 964978.Google Scholar
Sinclair, A. R. E., Krebs, C. J., Fryxell, J. M., et al. 2000. Testing hypotheses of trophic level interactions: a boreal forest ecosystem. Oikos 89: 313328.Google Scholar
Siqueira-Souza, F. K., Bayer, C., Caldas, W. H., et al. 2017. Ecomorphological correlates of twenty dominant fish species of Amazonian floodplain lakes. Brazilian Journal of Biology 77: 199206.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, J. W., Bryan, A. L., Jr., and Burger, J.. 2000. Development of expectations of larval amphibian assemblage structure in southeastern depression wetlands. Ecological Applications 10: 12191229.Google Scholar
Sokal, R. R., and Sneath, P. H. A. 1963. Principles of Numerical Taxonomy. W. H. Freeman, New York.Google Scholar
Sonnier, G., Shipley, B. and Navas, M.-L.. 2010. Plant traits, species pools and the prediction of relative abundance in plant communities: a maximum entropy approach. Journal of Vegetation Science 21: 318331.Google Scholar
Sonnier, G., Navas, M.-L., Fayolle, A. and Shipley, B.. 2012. Quantifying trait selection driving community assembly: a test in herbaceous plant communities under contrasted land use regimes. Oikos 121: 11031111.Google Scholar
Sörensen, L. 2007. A Spatial Analysis Approach to the Global Delineation of Dryland Areas of Relevance to the CBD Programme of Work on Dry and Subhumid Lands. UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge.Google Scholar
Spasojevic, M. J., and Suding, K. N.. 2012. Inferring community assembly mechanisms from functional diversity patterns: the importance of multiple assembly processes. Journal of Ecology 100 : 652–661.Google Scholar
Stearns, S. C. 1992. The Evolution of Life Histories. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Stevens, P. W., Fox, S. L. and Montague, C. L.. 2006. The interplay between mangroves and saltmarshes at the transition between temperate and subtropical climate in Florida. Wetlands Ecology and Management 14: 435444.Google Scholar
Strimbeck, G. R., Schaberg, P. G., Fossdal, C. G., Schröder, W. P. and Kjellsen, T. D.. 2015. Extreme low temperature tolerance in woody plants. Frontiers in Plant Science 6: 884898.Google Scholar
Stuart, S. A., Choat, B., Martin, K. C., Holbrook, N. M. and Ball, M. C.. 2007. The role of freezing in setting the latitudinal limits of mangrove forests. New Phytologist 173: 576583.Google Scholar
Svensson, E. 2016. Adaptive landscapes. in Oxford Bibliographies Online: Evolutionary Biology. Futuyma, D. J. (ed.). Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Swenson, N. G. 2019. Phylogenetic Ecology: A History, Critique and Remodeling. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
Takhtajan, A. 1986. Floristic Regions of the World. Translated by T. J. Crovello. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.Google Scholar
Tanentzap, A. J., and Lee, W. G.. 2017. Evolutionary conservatism explains increasing relatedness of plant communities along a flooding gradient. New Phytologist 213: 634644.Google Scholar
Tanentzap, A. J., Lee, W. G., Monks, A., et al. 2014. Identifying pathways for managing multiple disturbances to limit plant invasions. Journal of Applied Ecology 51: 10151023.Google Scholar
Tansley, A. G. 1914. Presidential Address [to the British Ecological Society]. Journal of Ecology 2: 194203.Google Scholar
Temperton, V. M., Hobbs, R. J., Nuttle, T. and Halle, S. (eds.). 2004. Assembly Rules and Restoration Ecology: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice. Island Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
ter Braak, C. J., Peres-Neto, P. and Dray, S.. 2017. A critical issue in model-based inference for studying trait-based community assembly and a solution. PeerJ 5: e2885.Google Scholar
The Plant List. 2013. Version 1.1. A working list of all plant species. www.theplantlist.org.Google Scholar
Thirgood, J. V. 1981. Man and the Mediterranean Forest: A History of Resource Depletion. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Thompson, D. Q., Stuckey, R. L. and Thompson, E. B.. 1987. Spread, Impact, and Control of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in North American Wetlands. US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Thompson, K., and McCarthy, M. A.. 2008. Traits of British alien and native urban plants. Journal of Ecology 96: 853859.Google Scholar
Thompson, K., Band, S. R. and Hodgson, J. G.. 1993. Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7: 236241.Google Scholar
Thuiller, W., Lavorel, S., Midgley, G., Lavergne, S. and Rebelo, T.. 2004. Relating plant traits and species distributions along bioclimatic gradients for 88 Leucadendron taxa. Ecology 85: 16881699.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, P. B. 1986. The Botany of Mangroves. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Tonn, W. M., and Magnuson, J. J.. 1982. Patterns in the species composition and richness of fish assemblages in northern Wisconsin lakes. Ecology 63: 11491166.Google Scholar
Toti, D. S., Coyle, F. A. and Miller, J. A.. 2000. A structured inventory of Appalachian grass bald and heath bald spider assemblages and a test of species richness estimator performance. Journal of Arachnology 28: 329345.Google Scholar
Toussaint, A., Charpin, N., Brosse, S. and Villéger, S.. 2016. Global functional diversity of freshwater fish is concentrated in the Neotropics while functional vulnerability is widespread. Scientific Reports 6: 22125.Google Scholar
Tozer, R. 2012. Birds of Algonquin Park. The Friends of Algonquin Park, Whitney, ON.Google Scholar
Treseder, K. K., and Lennon, J. T.. 2015. Fungal traits that drive ecosystem dynamics on land. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 79: 243262.Google Scholar
Tuchman, B. W. 1984. The March of Folly: From Troy to Vietnam. Knopf, New York.Google Scholar
Turner, R. E., and Rabelais, N. N.. 2003. Linking landscape and water quality in the Mississippi River Basin for 200 years. BioScience 53: 563572.Google Scholar
Turner, R. M., Alcorn, S. M., Oli, G. and Booth, J. A.. 1966. The influence of shade, soil, and water on saguaro seedling establishment. Botanical Gazette 127: 95102.Google Scholar
Tursch, B. 1997. Spiral growth: the “museum of all shells” revisited. Journal of Molluscan Studies 63: 547554.Google Scholar
Vallentyne, J. R. 1974. The Algal Bowl: Lakes and Man. Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Ottawa.Google Scholar
van der Heijden, M. G. A., and Horton, T. R.. 2009. Socialism in soil? The importance of mycorrhizal fungal networks for facilitation in natural ecosystems. Journal of Ecology 97: 11391150.Google Scholar
van der Pijl, L. 1982. Principles of Dispersal in Higher Plants, 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
van der Valk, A. G. 1981. Succession in wetlands: a Gleasonian approach. Ecology 62: 688696.Google Scholar
van der Valk, A. G. 1989. Northern Prairie Wetlands. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.Google Scholar
Visser, J. M., Steyer, S. D., Shaffer, G. P., et al. 2004. Habitat switching module. Pages C–143–159 in US Army Corps of Engineers and State of Louisiana Ecosystem Restoration Study Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA), Louisiana. US Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, LA.Google Scholar
Vredenburg, V. T. 2004. Reversing introduced species effects: experimental removal of introduced fish leads to rapid recovery of a declining frog. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 101: 76467650.Google Scholar
Wallace, A. R. 1876. The Geographical Distribution of Animals. With a Study of the Relations of Living and Extinct Faunas as Elucidating the Past Changes of the Earth’s Surface. Harper and Brothers, New York.Google Scholar
Wardle, D. A. 2002. Communities and Ecosystems: Linking the Aboveground and Belowground Components. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Warton, D. I., Shipley, B. and Hastie, T.. 2015. CATS regression: a model‐based approach to studying trait‐based community assembly. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 6: 389398.Google Scholar
Webb, C. T., Hoeting, J. A., Ames, G. M., Pyne, M. I. and LeRoy Poff, N.. 2010. A structured and dynamic framework to advance traits-based theory and prediction in ecology. Ecology Letters 13: 267283.Google Scholar
Weiher, E., and Keddy, P. A.. 1995. Assembly rules, null models, and trait dispersion: new questions from old patterns. Oikos 74: 159164.Google Scholar
Weiher, E., and Keddy, P. A. (eds.). 1999a. Ecological Assembly Rules: Perspectives, Advances, Retreats. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Weiher, E., and Keddy, P. A.. 1999b. Assembly rules as general constraints on community composition. In Ecological Assembly Rules: Perspectives, Advances, Retreats. Weiher, E. and Keddy, P. (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Weiher, E., van der Werf, A., Thompson, K., et al. 1999. Challenging Theophrastus: a common core list of plant traits for functional ecology. Journal of Vegetation Science 10: 609620.Google Scholar
Weldon, C. W., and Slauson, W. L.. 1986. The intensity of competition versus its importance: an overlooked distinction and some implications. Quarterly Review of Biology 61: 2344.Google Scholar
Weller, M. W. 1999. Wetland Birds: Habitat Resources and Conservation Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Welty, J. C. 1982. The Life of Birds, 3rd ed. Saunders College Publishing, New York.Google Scholar
Westoby, M., Falster, D. S., Moles, A. T., Vesk, P. A. and Wright, I. J.. 2002. Plant ecological strategies: some leading dimensions of variation between species. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33: 125159.Google Scholar
Wheelwright, N. T., and Rising, J. D.. (2008). Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America. Rodewald, P. G., (ed.). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY.Google Scholar
White, D. J. 2016. Plants of Lanark County, Ontario – 2016 Edition. www.lanarkflora.com/.Google Scholar
White, P. S., Wilds, S. P. and Thunhorst, G. A.. 1998. Southeast. Pages 255314 in Status and Trends of the Nation’s Biological Resources (2 Vols.). Mac, M. J., Opler, P. A., Puckett Haecker, C. E. and Doran, P. D (eds.). U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.Google Scholar
Whitmore, T., Peralta, R. and Brown, K.. 1985. Total species count in a Costa Rican tropical rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 1: 375378.Google Scholar
Whittaker, R. H. 1965. Dominance and diversity in land plant communities. Science 147: 250260.Google Scholar
Wiens, J. A. 1983. Avian community ecology: an iconoclastic view. Pages 355403 in Perspectives in Ornithology, Essays Presented for the Centennial of the American Ornithologists’ Union. Brush, A. H. and Clark, G. A. Jr. (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Wilbur, H. M. 1984. Complex life cycles and community organization in amphibians. Pages 195225 in A New Ecology: Novel Approaches to Interactive Systems. Price, P. W., Slobodchikoff, C. N., and Gaud, W. S. (eds.). Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Williams, A. P., Cook, E. R., Smerdon, J. E., et al. 2020. Large contribution from anthropogenic warming to an emerging North American megadrought. Science 368: 314318.Google Scholar
Williams, G. C. 1975. Sex and Evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Williams, M. 1989. The lumberman’s assault on the southern forest, 1880–1920. Pages 238288 in Americans and Their Forests: A Historical Geography. Williams, M. (ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Wisheu, I. C., and Keddy, P. A.. 1989. The conservation and management of a threatened coastal plain plant community in eastern North America (Nova Scotia, Canada). Biological Conservation 48: 229238.Google Scholar
Wisheu, I. C., and Keddy, P. A.. 1992. Competition and centrifugal organization of ecological communities: theory and tests. Journal of Vegetation Science 3: 147156.Google Scholar
Wisheu, I. C., and Keddy, P. A.. 1994. The low competitive ability of Canada’s Atlantic coastal plain shoreline flora: implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 68: 247252.Google Scholar
Wisheu, I. C., Keddy, C. J., Keddy, P. A. and Hill, N. M.. 1994. Disjunct Atlantic coastal plain species in Nova Scotia: distribution, habitat and conservation priorities. Biological Conservation 68: 217224.Google Scholar
Witman, J. D., Etter, R. J. and Smith, F.. 2004. The relationship between regional and local species diversity in marine benthic communities: a global perspective. Proceedings of the National Academic of Sciences 101: 1566415669.Google Scholar
Wong, M. K. L., Guenard, B. and Lewis, O. T.. 2018. Trait-based ecology of terrestrial arthropods. Biological Reviews 94: 9921022.Google Scholar
Wood, K. A., O’Hare, M. T., McDonald, C., et al. 2017. Herbivore regulation of plant abundance in aquatic ecosystems. Biological Reviews 92: 11281141.Google Scholar
Woodward, F. I. 1987. Climate and Plant Distribution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Wootton, R. J. 1990. Biotic interaction. II. Competition and mutualism. Pages 216237 in Ecology of Teleost Fishes. Wootton, R. J. (ed). Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
World Wildlife Fund for Nature. 2014. Mysterious Mekong: New Species Discoveries 2012–2013. WWF-Greater Mekong, Bangkok.Google Scholar
Worthy, S. J., Laughlin, D. C., Zambrano, J., et al. 2020. Alternative designs and tropical tree seedling growth performance landscapes. Ecology 101: e03007.Google Scholar
Wright, D. K. 2017. Humans as agents in the termination of the African humid period. Frontiers in Earth Science 5.Google Scholar
Wright, I. J., Reich, P. B., Westoby, M., et al. 2004. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature 428: 821827.Google Scholar
Wright, J. P., and Fridley, J. D.. 2010. Biogeographic synthesis of secondary succession rates in eastern North America. Journal of Biogeography 37: 15841596.Google Scholar
Wright, S. 1932. The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding and selection in evolution. Pages 356366 in Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Genetics. Vol. 1, Transactions and General Addresses. Jones, D. F. (ed). Genetics Society of America, Austin, TX.Google Scholar
Yodzis, P. 1978. Competition for Space and the Structure of Ecological Communities. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
Yodzis, P. 1986. Competition, mortality, and community structure. Pages 480492 in Community Ecology. Diamond, J. and Case, T. J. (eds.). Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
Zobel, M. 2016. The species pool concept as a framework for studying patterns of plant ecology. Journal of Vegetation Science 27: 818.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×