Bonanno, GA. Loss, trauma and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? Psych Trauma: Theory Res Pract Policy 2008;8:101–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tedeschi, RG, Calhoun, LG. Beyond the concept of recovery: growth and the experience of loss. Death Studies 2007;32:27–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rutten, BP, Hammels, C, Geschwind, N, et al. Resilience in mental health: linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2013;128:3–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ridenour, AF, Yorgason, JB, Peterson, B. The infertility resilience model: assessing individual, couple, and external predictive factors. Contemp Fam Ther 2009;31:34–51.Google Scholar

Price, SK. Stepping back to gain perspective: pregnancy loss history, depression, and parenting capacity in the early childhood longitudinal study, birth cohort (ECLS-B). Death Studies 2008;32:97–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Diamond, Kezur D, Meyers, M, et al. Couple Therapy for Infertility. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Leon, IG. Understanding and treating infertility: psychoanalytic considerations. J Am Acad Psa Dynam Psycho 2010;38:47–76.Google ScholarPubMed

Stroebe, M, Schut, H. The dual process model of coping with bereavement: a decade on. Omega 2010;61:273–289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Janoff-Bulman, R. Shattered Assumptions: Toward a New Psychology of Trauma. New York, NY: The Free Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Neimeyer, R. Searching for the meaning of meaning: grief therapy and the process of reconstruction. Death Studies 2000;24:541–558.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Uren, Wastell C. Attachment and meaning-making in perinatal bereavement. Death Studies 2002;26:279–308.Google Scholar

Frosch, DJ, Shakespeare-Finch, J. Grief, traumatic stress, and posttraumatic growth in women who have experienced pregnancy loss. Psychol Trauma: Theory Pract Policy 2017;9:425–433.Google Scholar

Brin, D. The use of rituals in grieving for a miscarriage or stillborn. Women and Therapy 2004;27:123–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cote-Arsenault, D. Weaving babies lost in pregnancy into the fabric of the family. J Fam Nurs 2003;9:23–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klass, D. The Spiritual Lives of Bereaved Parents. Philadelphia, MA: Brunner/Mazel, 1999.Google Scholar

Lasker, J, Toedter, L. Predicting outcomes after pregnancy loss: results from studies using the perinatal grief scale. Ill Crisis Loss 2000;8 :350–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Seligman, ME, Csikszentmihalyi, M. Positive psychology: an introduction. Amer Psychol 2000;55 :5–14.Google Scholar

Seligman, ME, Steen, TA, Park, N, et al. Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions. Amer Psychol 2005;60 :410–421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lathrop, A, Van deVusse, L. Continuity and change in mothers’ narratives of perinatal hospice. J Perinat Neonat Nurs 2011;25 :21–31.Google ScholarPubMed

Lang, A, Goulet, C, Aita, M, et al. Weathering the storm of perinatal bereavement via hardiness. Death Studies 2001;25:497–512.Google Scholar

Schwerdtfeger, KL, Shreffler, KM. Trauma of pregnancy loss and infertility for mothers and involuntary childless women in the contemporary United States. J Loss Trauma 2009;14(3):211–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.Google Scholar

Bartlik, B, Greene, K, Graf, M, Sharma, G, Melnick, H. Examining PTSD as a complication of infertility. Medscape General Medicine 1997 (online). Available from: www.medscape.com/viewarticle/719243 [last accessed June 16, 2022].Google Scholar

Cann, A, Calhoun, LG, Tedeschi, RG, et al. The Core Beliefs Inventory: a brief measure of disruption in the assumptive world. Anxiety Stress Coping 2010;23(1):19–34.Google Scholar

Jaffe, J, Diamond, MO. Reproductive Trauma: Psychotherapy with Infertility and Pregnancy Loss Clients. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jaffe, J. Reproductive trauma: psychotherapy for pregnancy loss and infertility clients from a reproductive story perspective. Psychotherapy 2017;54(4):380–385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Leon, IG. When a Baby Dies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Negris, O, Lawson, A, Brown, D, et al. Emotional stress and reproduction: what do fertility patients believe? J Assist Reprod Genet 2021 (online). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-021-02079-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dombo, EI, Flood, M. Spirituality in fertility counseling. In: Covington, SN, Ed. Fertility Counseling: Clinical Guide and Case Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015, 74–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists. Are there any long-term health effects from having an abortion? Patient FAQ Induced Abortion. 2015. Available from: www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/induced-abortion [last accessed June 16, 2022].Google Scholar

Owen, CM, Goldstein, EH, Clayton, JA, Segars, JH. Racial and ethnic health disparities in reproductive medicine: an evidence-based overview. Semin Reprod Med 2013;31(5):317–324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Markus, H, Nurius, P. Possible selves. Am Psychologist 1986;41:954–969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hooker, K, Fiese, BH, Jenkins, L, Morfei, MZ, Schwagler, J. Possible selves among parents of infants and preschoolers. Develop Psychol 1996;32:542–550.Google Scholar

Markin, RD. An introduction to the special section of psychotherapy for pregnancy loss: review of issues, clinical applications and future research direction. Psychotherapy 2017;54(4):367–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stroebe, M, Schut, H. The dual process model of coping with bereavement: rationale and description. Death Studies 1999;23:197–224.Google Scholar

Wenzel, A. Cognitive behavioral therapy for pregnancy loss. Psychotherapy 2017;54(4):400–405.Google Scholar

McAdams, DP, McLean, KC. Narrative identity. Curr Directions Psychological Sci 2013;22(3):233–238.Google Scholar

Tedeschi, RG, Calhoun, LG. Posttraumatic growth: conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychol Inq 2004;15(1):1–18.Google Scholar

Krosch, DJ, Shakespeare-Finch, J. Grief, traumatic stress, and posttraumatic growth in women who have experienced pregnancy loss. Psychol Trauma: Theory Res Pract Policy 2017;9(4):425–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rosner, M. Recovery from Traumatic Loss: A Study of Women Living Without Children after Infertility. Doctorate in Social Work (DSW) Dissertations. 2012. Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations_sp2/20 [last accessed June 16, 2022].Google Scholar

Trippany, RL, Kress, VEW, Wilcoxon, SA. What counselors should know when working with trauma survivors. J Couns Dev 2004;82:31–37.Google Scholar

Berzoff, J, Kita, E. Compassion fatigue and countertransference: two different concepts. Clin Soc Work J 2010;38:341–349.Google Scholar

Covington, SN. Pregnancy loss. In Covington, S, Burns, L, Eds. Infertility Counseling: A Comprehensive Handbook for Clinicians, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, 290–304.Google Scholar

Leon, IG. Understanding pregnancy loss: helping families cope. Postgrad OB & GYN 1999;19:1–7.Google Scholar

Jaffe, J, Diamond, MO. Reproductive Trauma: Psychotherapy with Infertility and Pregnancy Loss Clients. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2011.Google Scholar

Covington, SN. Miscarriage and stillbirth. In Rosen, A, Rosen, J, Eds. Frozen Dreams: Psychodynamic Dimensions of Infertility and Assisted Reproduction. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 2005, 197–218.Google Scholar

Leon, IG. Understanding and treating infertility: psychoanalytic considerations. J Am Acad Psa Dyn Psychiatr 2010;38:47–76.Google Scholar

Wenzel, A. Cognitive behavioral therapy for pregnancy loss. Psychotherapy 2017;54:400–405.Google Scholar

Kersting, A, Dolemeyer, R, Steinbeg, J, et al. Brief internet-based intervention reduces post-traumatic stress and prolonged grief in parents after the loss of a child during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom 2013;82:372–381.Google Scholar

Bennett, SM, Litz, BT, Maguen, S, et al. An exploratory study of the psychological impact and clinical care of perinatal loss. J Loss Trauma 2008;13:485–510.Google Scholar

Lin, SX, Lasker, JN. Patterns of grief reaction after pregnancy loss. Amer J Orthopsychiatr 1996;66:262–271.Google Scholar

Leon, IG. When a Baby Dies: Psychotherapy for Pregnancy and Newborn Loss. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Seligman, MEP, Csikszentmihalyi, M. Positive psychology, an introduction. Amer Psychol 2000;55:5–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Seligman, MEP, Rashid, T, Parks, A. Positive psychotherapy. Amer Psychol 2006;61:774–778.Google Scholar

Elliott, R, Bohart, AC, Watson, J, et al. Empathy. Psychotherapy 2011;48 :43–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gold, KJ. Navigating care after a baby dies: a systematic review of parent experiences with health providers. J Perinat 2007;27:230–237.Google Scholar

Rogers, C. A Way of Being. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1950.Google Scholar

Kohut, H. How Does Analysis Cure? Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sable, P. Attachment and Adult Psychotherapy. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 2000.Google Scholar

Bennett, SM, Ehrenreich-May, J, Litz, BT, et al. Development and preliminary evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for perinatal grief. Cog Behav Pract 2012;19:161–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Janoff-Bulman, R. Shattered Assumptions: Towards a New Psychology of Trauma. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1992.Google Scholar

Neimeyer, RA. Searching for the meaning of meaning: grief therapy and the process of reconstruction. Death Studies 2000;24:541–558.Google Scholar

Cote-Arsenault, D, Marshall, R. One foot in – one foot out: weathering the storm of pregnancy after perinatal loss. Res in Nurs Heal 2000;23:473–485.3.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cameron, S. Induced abortion and psychological sequelae. Best Prac Res Clin OB GYN 2010;24:657–665.Google Scholar

Wembah-Rashid, JAR. Explaining pregnancy loss in matrilineal southeast Tanzania. In: Cecil, R, Ed. The Anthropology of Pregnancy Loss. Oxford: Berg, 1996, 75–93.Google Scholar

Cecil, R. Memories of pregnancy loss: recollections of elderly women in Northern Island. In: Cecil, R, Ed. The Anthropology of Pregnancy Loss. Oxford: Berg, 1996, 179–196.Google Scholar

Hanafin, H. Surrogacy and gestational carrier participants. In Covington, S, Burns, L, Eds. Infertility Counseling: A Comprehensive Handbook for Clinicians, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, 370–386.Google Scholar

Alhusen, JL. A literature update on maternal-fetal attachment. J Ob Gyn Neonat Nurs 2008;37:315–328.Google Scholar

Hughes, P, Turton, P, Hooper, E, et al. Assessment of guidelines for good practice in psychosocial care of mothers after stillbirth: a cohort study. Lancet 2002;360:114–118.Google Scholar

Kingdon, C, Givens, J, O’Donell, E, et al. Seeing and holding baby: systematic review of clinical management and parental outcomes following stillbirth. Birth 2015;42:206–218.Google Scholar

Cote-Arsenault, D. Weaving babies lost in pregnancy into the fabric of the family. J Fam Nurs 2003;9:23–37.Google Scholar

Klass, D. The Spiritual Lives of Bereaved Parents. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner Mazel, 1999.Google Scholar

Davis, CG, Wortman, CB, Lehman, DR, et al. Searching for meaning in loss: are clinical assumptions correct? Death Studies 2000;24:497–540.Google Scholar

Lasker, JN, Toedter, LJ. Predicting outcomes after pregnancy loss: results from studies using the Perinatal Grief Scale. Illness, Crisis & Loss 2000;8:350–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coleman, PK. Diagnosis of fetal anomaly and the increased maternal toll associated with pregnancy termination. Issues Law & Med 2015;30:3–23.Google Scholar

McCoyd, J. Women in no man’s land: the abortion debate in the USA and women terminating desired pregnancies due to foetal anomaly. Brit J Soc Wrk 2010;40:133–153.Google Scholar

Leon, IG. Empathic psychotherapy for pregnancy termination for fetal anomaly. Psychotherapy 2017;54:394–399.Google Scholar

Sandelowski, M, Barroso, J. The travesty of choosing after positive prenatal diagnosis. J Obstet Gyn Neon Nurs 2005;34:307–318Google Scholar

McCoyd, J. “I’m not a saint”: burden assessment as an unrecognized factor in prenatal decision making. Qual Hlth Res 2008;18:1489–1500.Google Scholar

McCoyd, J. Pregnancy interrupted: loss of a desired pregnancy after diagnosis of fetal anomaly. J Psychosom Ob Gyn 2007;28:37–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Evaluation and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2012;98(5):1103–1111.Google Scholar

Voss, P, Schick, M, Langer, L, et al. Recurrent pregnancy loss: a shared stressor–couple-orientated psychological research findings. Fertil Steril 2020;114(6):1288–1296.Google Scholar

Lin, SX, Lasker, JN. Patterns of grief reaction after pregnancy loss. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1996;66(2):262–271.Google Scholar

Leon, IG. Pregnancy and loss counseling. In: Covington, SN, Ed. Fertility Counseling: Clinical Guide and Case Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015, p. 226–238.Google Scholar

Peterson, B. Fertility counseling for couples. In: Covington, SN, Ed. Fertility Counseling: Clinical Guide and Case Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015, p. 60–73.Google Scholar

Holley, S. Pasch, L. Counseling lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender patients. In: Covington, SN, Ed. Fertility Counseling: Clinical Guide and Case Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015, p. 180–196.Google Scholar

Cacciatore, J, Raffo, Z. An exploration of lesbian maternal bereavement. Social Work 2011;56(2):169–177.Google Scholar

Markin, RD, McCarthy, KS. The process and outcome of psychodynamic psychotherapy for pregnancy after loss: a case study analysis. Psychotherapy 2020;57(2):273–288.Google Scholar

Diamond, DJ, Diamond, MO. Understanding and treating the psychosocial consequences of pregnancy loss. In Wenzel, A, Ed. Oxford Handbook of Perinatal Psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 487–523.Google Scholar

Neria, Y, Litz, BT. Bereavement by traumatic means: the complex synergy of trauma and grief. J Loss Trauma 2004;9(1):73–87.Google Scholar

Turton, P, Hughes, P, Evans, CD, Fainman, D. Incidence, correlates and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in the pregnancy after stillbirth. Br J Psychiatry 2001;178(6):556–560.Google Scholar

Herman, J. Trauma and recovery: the aftermath of violence from domestic abuse to political terror. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1992.Google Scholar

Côte-Arsenault, D, Mahlangu, N. Impact of perinatal loss on the subsequent pregnancy self: women’s experiences. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1999;28(3):274–282.Google Scholar

Markin, RD. “Ghosts” in the womb: a mentalizing approach to understanding and treating prenatal attachment disturbances during pregnancies after loss. Psychotherapy 2018;55(3):275–288.Google Scholar

Bayrampour, H, Ali, E, McNeil, DA, Benzies, K, MacQueen, G, Tough, S. Pregnancy-related anxiety: a concept analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2016;55:115–130.Google Scholar

Côté‐Arsenault, D, Donato, K. Emotional cushioning in pregnancy after perinatal loss. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2011;29(1):81–92.Google Scholar

Côté-Arsenault, D, Donato, KL, Earl, SS. Watching & worrying: early pregnancy after loss experiences. Am J Maternal Child Nurs 2006;31(6):356–363.Google Scholar

Gaudet, C, Séjourné, N, Camborieux, L, Rogers, R, Chabrol, H. Pregnancy after perinatal loss: association of grief, anxiety and attachment. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2010;28(3):240–251.Google Scholar

Nakano, Y, Akechi, T, Furukawa, TA, Sugiura-Ogasawara, M. Cognitive behavior therapy for psychological distress in patients with recurrent miscarriage. Psychol Res Behav Manage 2013;6:37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S44327Google Scholar

Elliott, R, Bohart, AC, Watson, JC, Murphy, D. Therapist empathy and client outcome: an updated meta-analysis. Psychotherapy 2018;55(4):399–410.Google Scholar

Leon, IG. Empathic psychotherapy for pregnancy termination for fetal anomaly. Psychotherapy 2017;54(4):394–399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Markin, R. Clinical Application of Evidence-Based Relationship Principles in Psychotherapy for Pregnancy Loss. Oxford: Oxford University Press, in preparation.Google Scholar

Engelhard, IM, van den Hout, MA, Vlaeyen, JW. The sense of coherence in early pregnancy and crisis support and posttraumatic stress after pregnancy loss: a prospective study. Behav Med 2003;29(2):80–84.Google Scholar

Friedlander, ML, Escudero, V, Welmers-van de Poll, MJ, Heatherington, L. Alliances in couples and family therapy. In: Norcross, J, Lambert, M, Eds. Psychotherapy Relationships That Work: Volume 1: Evidence-Based Therapist Contributions. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2019, p. 117–166.Google Scholar

Long, MM, Cramer, RJ, Jenkins, J, Bennington, L, Paulson, JF. A systematic review of interventions for healthcare professionals to improve screening and referral for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. Arch Womens Ment Health 2019;22(1):25–36.Google Scholar

Accortt, EE, Wong, MS. It is time for routine screening for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders in obstetrics and gynecology settings. Obstet Gynecol Survey 2017;72(9):553–568.Google Scholar

Paschetta, E, Berrisford, G, Coccia, F, Whitmore, J, Wood, AG, Pretlove, S, Ismail, KM. Perinatal psychiatric disorders: an overview. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014;210(6):501–509.Google Scholar

Mott, SL, Schiller, CE, Richards, JG, O’Hara, MW, Stuart, S. Depression and anxiety among postpartum and adoptive mothers. Arch Womens Ment Health 2011;14(4):335–343.Google Scholar

Leach, LS, Poyser, C, Fairweather‐Schmidt, K. Maternal perinatal anxiety: a review of prevalence and correlates. Clin Psychol 2017;21(1):4–19.Google Scholar

Goodman, JH, Watson, GR, Stubbs, B. Anxiety disorders in postpartum women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2016;203:292–331.Google Scholar

Field, T, Diego, M, Hernandez-Reif, M, et al. Comorbid depression and anxiety effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcome. Infant Behav Devel 2010;33(1):23–29.Google Scholar

Cirino, NH, Knapp, JM. Perinatal posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Obstet Gynecol Survey 2019;74(6):369–376.Google Scholar

Orsolini, L, Valchera, A, Vecchiotti, R, et al. Suicide during perinatal period: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical correlates. Front Psychiatry 2016;7:138.Google Scholar

MGH Center for Women’s Health. Can Women Suffer from Postpartum Depression after Miscarriage? Published 2006. Available at: https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/postpartum-depression-miscarriage [last accessed June 22, 2022].Google Scholar

Capuzzi, E, Caldiroli, A, Ciscato, V, et al. Is in vitro fertilization (IVF) associated with perinatal affective disorders? J Affect Disord 2020;277:271–278.Google Scholar

Gressier, F, Letranchant, A, Cazas, O, Sutter-Dallay, AL, Falissard, B, Hardy, P. Post-partum depressive symptoms and medically assisted conception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod 2015;30(11):2575–2586.Google Scholar

Barber, GA, Steinberg, JR. Examining the association between infertility, pregnancy intention, and postpartum depression. Fertil Steril 2020;114(3):e447–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barnes, M, Roiko, A, Reed, R, Williams, C, Willcocks, K. Outcomes for women and infants following assisted conception: implications for perinatal education, care, and support. J Perinat Educ 2012;21(1):18–23.Google Scholar

Blake, L, Jadva, V, Golombok, S. Parent psychological adjustment, donor conception and disclosure: a follow-up over 10 years. Hum Reprod 2014;29(11):2487–2496.Google Scholar

Bouzaglou, A, Aubenas, I, Abbou, H, et al. Pregnancy at 40 years old and above: obstetrical, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Is age an independent risk factor for those complications? Front Med 2020;7:208.Google Scholar

Pope, CJ, Mazmanian, D. Breastfeeding and postpartum depression: an overview and methodological recommendations for future research. Depress Res Treat 2016;2016:4765310.Google Scholar

Borra, C, Iacovou, M, Sevilla, A. New evidence on breastfeeding and postpartum depression: the importance of understanding women’s intentions. Matern Child Health J 2015;19(4):897–907.Google Scholar

Ystrom, E. Breastfeeding cessation and symptoms of anxiety and depression: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2012;12(1):36.Google Scholar

Tandon, SD, Cluxton-Keller, F, Leis, J, Le, HN, Perry, DF. A comparison of three screening tools to identify perinatal depression among low-income African American women. J Affect Disord 2012;136(1–2):155–162.Google Scholar

Williams, AJ, Jones, C, Arcelus, J, Townsend, E, Lazaridou, A, Michail, M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of victimisation and mental health prevalence among LGBTQ+ young people with experiences of self-harm and suicide. PLoS One 2021;16(1):e0245268.Google Scholar

Ross, LE. Perinatal mental health in lesbian mothers: a review of potential risk and protective factors. Women Health 2005;41(3):113–128.Google Scholar

Howard, LM, Khalifeh, H. Perinatal mental health: a review of progress and challenges. World Psychiatry 2020;19(3):313–327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Scarff, JR. Use of brexanolone for postpartum depression. Innov Clin Neurosci 2019;16(11–12):32–35.Google Scholar

Sockol, LE. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal women. J Affect Disord 2018;232:316–328.Google Scholar

Nillni, YI, Mehralizade, A, Mayer, L, Milanovic, S. Treatment of depression, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders during the perinatal period: a systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2018;66:136–148.Google Scholar

Marchesi, C, Ossola, P, Amerio, A, Daniel, BD, Tonna, M, De Panfilis, C. Clinical management of perinatal anxiety disorders: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 2016;190:543–550.Google Scholar

Jaffe, J, Diamond, MO. Reproductive Trauma: Psychotherapy with Infertility and Pregnancy Loss Clients. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2011.Google Scholar

Hayes, JA, Gelso, CJ, Hummel, AM. Managing countertransference. Psychother 2011;48;88–97.Google Scholar

Ulman, KH. Unwitting exposure of the therapist: transferential and countertransferential dilemmas. J Psychother Pract Res 2001;10:14–22.Google Scholar

Derlaga, VJ, Berg, JH, Eds. Self-disclosure: Theory, Research, and Therapy. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/ Plenum, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fallon, AE, Brabender, V. Awaiting the Therapist’s Baby: A Guide for Expectant Parent-practitioners. New York, NY: Psychology Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Wolfe, E. The therapist’s pregnancy and the client–therapist relationship: an exploratory study. Doctoral Dissertation, Smith College School for Social Work, 2013.Google Scholar

Waldman, J. New mother/old therapist: transference and countertransference challenges in the return to work. Am J Psychother 2003;57(1):52–63.Google Scholar

Schmidt, FMD, Fiorini, GP, Ramires, VRR. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy and the pregnant therapist: a literature review. Res Psychother 2015;18(2):50–61.Google Scholar

Redlinger‐Grosse, K. Countertransference: making the unconscious conscious. In Veach, PM, LeRoy, BS, Callanan, NP, Eds. Genetic Counseling Practice. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2020, 153–175.Google Scholar

Colarusso, CA. The third individuation: the effect of biological parenthood on separation-individuation processes in adulthood. Psyc Study Child 1990;45:179–194.Google Scholar

Arnett, JJ. Emerging Adulthood. Amer Psych 2000;55:469–480.Google Scholar

Peterson, ZD. More than a mirror: the ethics of therapist self-disclosure. Psychother 2002;39:21–31.Google Scholar

Brody, LS. The fifth trimester: the working mom’s guide to style, sanity, and big success after baby. Broadway, NY: Doubleday Books, 2017.Google Scholar