The Wopkaimin people of the Star mountain census division were first contacted by the Australian government authorities in 1963 (Jackson, 1982). They number about 800 people (National Statistical Office, 1983) who live in seven villages scattered, over an area of about 1700 square kilometres, in the north-west corner of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea (PNG) (Figure 4.1).

Kennecott geologists, discovered copper in the area in late 1968 and by 1971a mining camp with the first school and aid post for the whole area was built at Tabubil. The first airstrip was completed in 1972. In 1981 after the Papua New Guinea Government approved the development of a copper and gold mine, the quiet Tabubil camp with 12 buildings rapidly became a township accommodating more than 3000 workers. Mountain sites were blasted, mining facilities constructed and roads bulldozed through with the most modern technology, engineering and machinery. The first and only government aid post was built in 1982. A road connection to the Fly River port of Kiunga, 150 km to the south, was completed in 1983.

The new development pushed the Wopkaimin from the Stone Age into the modern world. Their changed environment and lifestyle had an irreversible effect on their physical, mental and spiritual wellbeing. Villages were moved to be nearer the new developments (Figure 4.1). The people left their thatched houses and built themselves shacks in their new villages out of timber, iron and plastic left over by the mining company.