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9 - Fern conservation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Klaus Mehltreter
Edited by
Klaus Mehltreter ,
Lawrence R. Walker  and
Joanne M. Sharpe
Klaus Mehltreter
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ecología
Klaus Mehltreter
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Xalapa, Mexico
Lawrence R. Walker
Affiliation:
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
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Summary

Key points

  1. 1. Extant ferns and lycophytes are ecologically important and contribute 4% of the vascular plant diversity on Earth but currently face an unprecedented threat caused mainly by human disturbances such as fire or land use change. Few fern species benefit from these disturbances, and most become less abundant or locally extinct.

  2. 2. Current risk assessments for ferns are mainly based on abundance and geographic range. Risk assessments improve when additional ecological characteristics (e.g., habitat specificity, intrinsic biological factors, population dynamics and environmental disturbances) are considered.

  3. 3. By 2008 a global risk assessment had been completed for only 2% of the 11 000 species of ferns and lycophytes; 89% of these ferns were considered to be at risk. Global risk assessment of ferns is geographically biased toward Ecuador and China and taxonomically biased toward nine of c. 300 extant genera.

  4. 4. A mixed approach of habitat protection for hot spots of fern diversity and in situ protection of endangered fern species outside such hot spots is recommended as a management strategy for fern conservation. Ex situ cultivation of endangered fern species may supplement in situ protection efforts but should not replace them.

Introduction

Extant plants and animals likely represent only 1–2% of all organisms that have ever existed on our planet during the last 450 million years (May et al., 1995) because extinction is common.

Type
Chapter
Information
Fern Ecology , pp. 323 - 359
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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