The female and male characters of Esther and Judith exhibit various effects of feminization or masculinization. Esther and Mordecai begin in traditional female and male zones but change over the novella. Judith plays a hyper-masculinized role, but the Ammonite general Achior takes on a feminized role while converting to Judaism. The Rewritten Scripture texts – Jubilees, Biblical Antiquities, Temple Scroll, and Reworked Pentateuch – are somewhat less dramatic in their rendering of women characters.