Introduction

In the last few years, radiology has seen an unprecedented increase in the application of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) for disease assessment in the body. This growing interest in body DWI is reflected by both wider clinical applications and focused research activities, and can be attributed to a greater awareness of the unique imaging information that the technique provides. In many imaging departments, DWI is now integrated into routine imaging protocols, in part to gain experience in applying the technique, but also for the diagnostic information that can be gained from an imaging technique which can be performed very quickly without detrimental effects or impact on the clinical throughput.

The current applications of DWI in the body are largely oncological, and are used in combination with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for disease detection and characterization and the assessment of treatment response. Non-oncological applications are also evolving, such as MR neurography, the evaluation of renal function, and the detection of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, as with any new technique, initial enthusiasm often gives way to a more realistic outlook, as the radiological community begins to recognize both the advantages and pitfalls of DWI. Nothing can be more damaging to the widespread adoption and application of a new imaging technique than unsubstantiated claims or unrealistic hype about its potential utility.

What is consistent across centers with greater experience in applying DWI in the body, is the recognition that careful technical optimization is important to achieve the best results.