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16 - Ultraviolet Radiation Effects under Climate Change

from Part III - The Future

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2024

By
Anita G. J. Buma ,
E. Walter Helbling  and
Michael Y. Roleda
Edited by
Mario Giordano ,
John Beardall ,
John A. Raven  and
Stephen C. Maberly
Mario Giordano
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi di Ancona, Italy
John Beardall
Affiliation:
Monash University, Victoria
John A. Raven
Affiliation:
University of Dundee
Stephen C. Maberly
Affiliation:
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster
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Summary

Solar radiation at the Earth’s surface contains ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the UVB (~295–315 nm) and UVA (315–400 nm) wavebands. Currently, atmospheric ozone removes shorter, more damaging UV radiation and reduces levels of UVB, but before the formation of the ozone layer, UV radiation levels would have been higher, while the recent ‘ozone hole’ increased UV radiation. UV radiation is strongly attenuated in water, but aquatic organisms can be damaged to extents that depend on the species and conditions. The targets of damage include proteins in the photosystems of photosynthesis, DNA and oxidative damage caused by the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Defence against damage involves the production of new proteins, repair to the DNA and the production of antioxidants. UV stress interacts, positively and negatively, with other environmental changes such as rising temperature and CO2, ocean acidification and nutrient stress. Further research is needed to forecast responses to future environmental change.

Keywords

antioxidantscyclobutane pyrimidine dimersD1 proteinmycosporine-like amino acidsozonereactive oxygen species (ROS)repairultraviolet radiationUVR and climate change
Type
Chapter
Information
Evolutionary Physiology of Algae and Aquatic Plants , pp. 315 - 340
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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