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2 - Early Photosynthetic Organisms

from Part I - Origins and Consequences of Early Photosynthetic Organisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2024

By
John A. Raven
Edited by
Mario Giordano ,
John Beardall ,
John A. Raven  and
Stephen C. Maberly
Mario Giordano
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi di Ancona, Italy
John Beardall
Affiliation:
Monash University, Victoria
John A. Raven
Affiliation:
University of Dundee
Stephen C. Maberly
Affiliation:
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster
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Summary

Photosynthesis evolved in the Archean. Before the Great Oxidation Event, the dominant form of photosynthesis was anoxygenic bacterial photosynthesis, although there is molecular phylogenetic evidence of the occurrence of oxygenic cyanobacteria (or their ancestors) in the Archean, explaining the occurrence of ‘whiffs of oxygen’ in the Archean. Recent molecular genetic evidence shows that phototrophy is a synapomorphy of only one of the six clades of anoxygenic phototrophs (the Chlorobi) and of the oxygenic cyanobacteria, so the occurrence of phototrophy in the other five clades of anoxygenic phototrophy involves horizontal gene transfer. Photolithotrophy only occurs in three clades of anoxygenic bacteria, that is, the Chlorobi with reaction centre I for photochemistry and the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle for CO2 fixation, the Chloroflexi with reaction centre II for photochemistry and the 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle or the Benson–Calvin–Bassham cycle for CO2 fixation, and the γ-proteobacteria with reaction centre 2 for photochemistry and the Benson–Calvin–Bassham cycle for CO2 fixation. The oxygenic cyanobacteria have photosystem I (homologue of reaction centre I) and photosystem II (homologue of reaction centre II) in linear electron flow, and photosystem I in cyclic electron flow, and the Benson–Calvin–Bassham cycle for CO2 fixation.

Keywords

anoxygenicArcheanoxygenicphotosystem Iphotosystem IIreaction centre Ireaction centre IIProterozoicRubiscoreverse tricarboxylic acid cycle
Type
Chapter
Information
Evolutionary Physiology of Algae and Aquatic Plants , pp. 21 - 42
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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