The editors are very pleased to present the European Energy Law Report XI. The European Energy Law Report is an initiative taken by the organizers of the European Energy Law Seminar which has taken place on a regular basis in the Netherlands since 1989. The aim of this seminar is to present an overview of the most important legal developments in the field of international, European Union (EU) and national energy and climate law. Whereas the first seminars concentrated on the developments at European Community (EC) level, which were the results of the establishment of an Internal Energy Market, the focus has now gradually switched to the developments at the national level following the implementation of the EU Directives with regard to the internal electricity and gas markets. This approach can also be found in these reports.

Similar to the European Energy Law Reports I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X, this Report includes chapters based on papers presented at the European Energy Law Seminar, in this case, the 27th seminar which was organized on 25 and 26 January 2016. It contains five Parts representing the following topics: ‘EU Energy and Climate Law: Policy and Jurisprudence’, ‘Energy and Climate Treaty Developments’, ‘Energy Infrastructure Developments: Offshore Electricity Systems and Network Investments’, ‘Heat Supply Legislation in the EU’, and ‘Security of Energy Supply and Safety’. Where necessary, the chapters have been updated as to 1 March 2017.

We are grateful for the support of the speakers at the seminar and their cooperation in rewriting their papers for the purpose of this book. We also would like to thank the authors and co-authors who were not speaking at the seminar but were willing to participate in this project so that we are able to provide you with as complete a picture as possible of all topics discussed. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the help and support of the publisher in publishing this book. We are confident that these reports will be part of an important and long-lasting tradition in this field.