Although we might think of experiments in formatting, font and layout as typical of the computer age, in fact the twelfth century got there first. Lesley Smith shows how scholars worked with those who physically produced their texts, in order to develop novel types of layout, referencing, indexing and other retrieval systems.  As the context of learning and teaching moved from monastic to secular schools, so teachers of Scripture and theology began to use their books in new ways, turning the Bible from simply a devotional text to forming the core of a new world of information technology.