Andayani, N., Brockelman, W., Geissmann, T., Nijman, V., & Supriatna, J. (2008). Hylobates moloch. In IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org (accessed January 18, 2013).Google Scholar

Bartlett, T. Q. (2009). The Gibbons of Khao Yai: Seasonal Variation in Behavior and Ecology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: PearsonGoogle Scholar

Bates, L. A., Sayialel, K. N., Njiraini, N. W., et al. (2007). Elephants classify human ethnic groups by odor and garment color. Current Biology, 17, 1938–1942.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bishop, T. D. & Brown, J. A. (1992). Threat-sensitive foraging by larval threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 31, 133–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brockelman, W. Y. & Chivers, D. J. (1984). Gibbon conservation: Looking to the future. In Preuschoft, H., Chivers, D. J., Brockelman, W. Y., Creel, N. (eds.) The Lesser Apes: Evolutionary and Behavioural Biology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 3–12.Google Scholar

Brown, J. S. & Alkon, P. U. (1990). Testing values of crested porcupine habitats by experimental food patches. Oecologia., 83, 512–518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brown, J. S. & Kotler, B. P. (2007). Foraging and the ecology of fear. In Stephens, D. W., Brown, J. S., & Ydenberg, R. C. (eds.) Foraging: Behavior and Ecology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 437–482.Google Scholar

Bshary, R. (2001). Diana monkeys, Cercopithecus diana, adjust their anti-predator response behaviour to human hunting strategies. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 50, 251–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chivers, D. J. (1991). Species differences in tolerance to environmental change. In Box, H. O. (ed.) Primate Responses to Environmental Change. New York: Springer, 5–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cowlishaw, G. & Dunbar, R. (2000). Primate Conservation Biology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Creel, S. & Christianson, D. (2008). Relationships between direct predation and risk effects. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23, 194–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

CyberTracker. (2010). Available at: www.cybertracker.org (accessed June 2010).Google Scholar

de la Torre, S., Snowdon, C. T., & Bejarano, M. (2000). Effects of human activities on wild pygmy marmosets in Ecuadorian Amazonia. Biological Conservation, 94, 153–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Frid, A. & Dill, L. M. (2002). Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk. Conservation Ecology, 6, 11–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fuentes, A. (1999). Variable social organization: What can looking at primate groups tell us about the evolution of plasticity in primate societies? In Dolhinow, P. & Fuentes, A. (eds.) The Nonhuman Primates. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company, 183–188.Google Scholar

Fuentes, A. (2000). Hylobatid communities: Changing views on pair bonding and social organization. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 43, 33–60.3.0.CO;2-D>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fuentes, A. (2010). Natural cultural encounters in Bali: Monkeys, temples, tourists, and ethnoprimatology. Cultural Anthropology, 25, 600–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fuentes, A. & Wolfe, L. D. (2002). Primates Face to Face. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Geertz, C. (1963). Agricultural Involution: The Process of Ecological Change in Indonesia. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gil-da-Costa, R. (2007). Howler monkeys and harpy eagles: A communication arms race. In Gursky, S. & Nekaris, K. A. I. (eds.) Primate Antipredation Strategies. New York: Springer, 286–307.Google Scholar

Grossberg, R., Treves, A., & Naughton-Treves, L. (2003). The incidental ecotourist: Measuring visitor impacts on endangered howler monkeys at a Belizean archaeological site. Environmental Conservation, 30, 40–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Helfman, G. S. (1989). Threat-sensitive predator avoidance in damselfish–trumpetfish interactions. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 24, 47–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hill, C. M. (2000). Conflict of interest between people and baboons: Crop raiding in Uganda. International Journal of Primatology, 21, 299–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hill, C. M. (2005). People, crops, and primates: A conflict of interests. In Paterson, J. D. & Wallis, J. (eds.) Commensalism and Conflict: The Human–Primate Interface, Vol. 4. Norman, OK: American Society of Primatologists, 40–59.Google Scholar

Jones, C. B. (1997). Rarity in primates: Implications for Conservation. Mastozoología Neotropical, 4, 35–47.Google Scholar

Jones, C. B. (2013). Behavioral Flexibility in Primates: Causes and Consequences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Kappeler, M. (1981). The Javan silvery gibbon (Hylobates lar moloch). Dissertation, Universitat Basel.Google Scholar

Klailova, M., Hodgkinson, C., & Lee, P. C. (2010). Behavioral responses of one western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) group at Bai Hokou, Central African Republic, to tourists, researchers and trackers. American Journal of Primatology, 72, 897–906.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lebbie, A. R. & Freudenberger, M. (1996). Sacred groves in Africa: Forest patches in transition. In Shelhas, J. & Greenberg, R. (eds.) Forest Patches in Tropical Landscapes. Washington, DC: Island Press, 300–324.Google Scholar

Lee, P. C. (2010). Sharing space: Can ethnoprimatology contribute to the survival of nonhuman primates in human dominated global landscapes? American Journal of Primatology, 72, 925–931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Malone, N. M. (2007). The socioecology of the critically endangered Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch): Assessing the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on primate social systems. Dissertation, University of Oregon.Google Scholar

Malone, N. M. & Fuentes, A. (2009). The ecology and evolution of hylobatid communities: Causal and contextual factors underlying inter- and intraspecific variation. In Lappan, S. & Whittaker, D. J. (eds.) The Gibbons: New Perspectives on Small Ape Socioecology and Population Biology. New York: Springer, 241–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Malone, N. M., Fuentes, A., Purnama, A. R., & Wedana, I. (2003). Displaced hylobatids: Biological, cultural, and economic aspects of the primate trade in Jawa and Bali, Indonesia. Tropical Biodiversity, 8, 41–50.Google Scholar

Martin, P. & Bateson, P. (1993). Measuring Behavior: An Introductory Guide, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nijman, V. (2004). Conservation of the Javan gibbon Hylobates moloch: Population estimates, local extinctions, and conservation priorities. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 52, 271–280.Google Scholar

O’Brien, T. G., Kinnaird, M. F., Nurcahyo, A., Prasetyaningrum, M., & Iqbal, M. (2003). Fire, demography and the persistence of siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus: Hylobatidae) in a Sumatran rainforest. Animal Conservation, 6, 115–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Papworth, S., Milner-Guland, E. J., & Slocombe, K. (2013). Hunted woolly monkeys (Lagothrix poeppigii) show threat-sensitive responses to human presence. PLOS One, 8, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Reisland, M. A. (2013). Conservation in a sacred forest: An integrated approach to assessing the management of a community-based conservation site. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison.Google Scholar

Reisland, M. A. & Lambert, J. E. (2016). Sympatic apes in sacred forests: shared space and habitat use by humans and endangered Javan gibbons (Hylobates moloch). PLOS One, 11(1), e0146891.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Richard, A. F., Goldstein, S. J., & Dewer, R. E. (1989). Weed macaques: The evolutionary implications of macaque feeding ecology. International Journal of Primatology, 10, 569–594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Riley, E. P. (2007). The human–macaque interface: Conservation implications of current and future overlap and conflict in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. American Anthropologist, 109, 473–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Silver, S. C. & Marsh, L. K. (2003). Dietary flexibility, behavioral plasticity, and survival in fragments: Lessons from translocated howlers. In Marsh, L. K. (ed.) Primates in Fragments. New York: Springer, 251–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sponsel, L. E. (1997). The human niche in Amazonia: Explorations in ethnoprimatology. In Kinzey, W. G. (ed.) New World Primates. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 143–165.Google Scholar

Strier, K. B. (2010). Long-term field studies: Positive impacts and unintended consequences. American Journal of Primatology, 72, 772–778.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Supriatna, J., Mootnick, A., & Andayani, N. (2010). Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch): Population and conservation. In Gursky-Doyen, S. & Supriatna, J. (eds.) Indonesian Primates. New York: Springer, 57–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Treves, A. & Brandon, K. (2005). Tourist impacts on the behavior of black howling monkeys (Alouatta pigra) at Lamanai, Belize. In Patterson, J. D. & Wallis, J. (eds.) Commensalism and Conflict: The Human–Primate Interface. Norman, OK: The American Society of Primatologists, 146–166.Google Scholar

Wessing, R. (1993). A change in the forest: Myth and history in West Java. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 24, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Workman, C. (2008). Primate conservation in Vietnam: Toward a holistic environmental narrative. American Anthropologist. 106, 346–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zuberbühler, K. (2007). Predation and primate cognitive evolution. In Gursky, S. & Nekaris, K. A. I. (eds.) Primate Anti-predator Strategies. New York: Springer, 3–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zuberbühler, K., Noë, R., & Seyfarth, R. M. (1997). Diana monkey long-distance calls: Messages for conspecifics and predators. Animal Behavior, 53, 589–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zuberbühler, K., Jenny, D., & Bshary, R. (1999). The predator deterrence function of primate alarm calls. Ethology, 105, 477–490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bond, J. (2014). A holistic approach to natural resource conflict: The case of Laikipia County, Kenya. Journal of Rural Studies, 34, 117–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Estrada, A., Raboy, B. E., & Oliveira, L. C. (2012). Agroecosystems and primate conservation in the tropics: A review. American Journal of Primatology, 74(8), 696–711.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fuentes, A. (2006). Human–nonhuman primate interconnections and their relevance to anthropology. Ecological and Environmental Anthropology, 2(2), 1–11.Google Scholar

Fuentes, A. (2011). Being human and doing primatology: National, socioeconomic, and ethnic influences on primatological practice. American Journal of Primatology, 73(3), 233–237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fuentes, A. & Wolfe, L. D. (eds.) (2002). Primates Face to Face: The Conservation Implications of Human–Nonhuman Primate Interconnections. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gandiwa, E., Heitkönig, I. M.A., Lokhorst, A. M., Prins, H. H.T., & Leeuwis, C. (2013). CAMPFIRE and human–wildlife conflicts in local communities bordering northern Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe. Ecology and Society, 18(4), 7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hill, C. M. (2000). Conflict of interest between people and baboons: Crop raiding in Uganda. International Journal of Primatology, 21(2), 299–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hill, C. M. & Wallace, G. E. (2012). Crop protection and conflict mitigation: Reducing the costs of living alongside non-human primates. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(10), 2569–2587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hill, C. M. & Webber, A. D. (2010). Perceptions of nonhuman primates in human–wildlife conflict scenarios. American Journal of Primatology, 72(10), 919–924.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hockings, K. & Humle, T. (2009). Best practice guidelines for the prevention and mitigation of conflict between humans and great apes. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hockings, K. J. & McLennan, M. R. (2012). From forest to farm: Systematic review of cultivar feeding by chimpanzees – management implications for wildlife in anthropogenic landscapes. PLoS One, 7(4), e33391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hockings, K. J., Yamakoshi, G., Kabasawa, A., & Matsuzawa, T. (2010). Attacks on local persons by chimpanzees in Bossou, Republic of Guinea: Long-term perspectives. American Journal of Primatology, 72(10), 887–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hoffman, T. S. & O’Riain, M. J. (2012). Monkey management: Using spatial ecology to understand the extent and severity of human–baboon conflict in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Ecology and Society, 17(3), 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hopper, L. M., Morgan, D. B., & Ross, S. R. (2014). The next direction for primatology? A commentary on Setchell (2013). International Journal of Primatology, 35, 341–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kaplan, B. S., O’Riain, M. J., Van Eeden, R., & King, A. J. (2011). A low-cost manipulation of food resources reduces spatial overlap between baboons (Papio ursinus) and humans in conflict. International Journal of Primatology, 32(6), 1397–1412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kling, K. J. & Hopkins, M. E. (2015). Are we making the grade? Practices and reported efficacy measures of primate conservation education programs. American Journal of Primatology, 77, 434–448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Laurence, W. F., Goosem, M., & Laurence, S. G.W. (2009). Impacts of roads and linear clearings on tropical forests. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 24(12), 659–669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lee, P. C. (2010). Sharing space: Can ethnoprimatology contribute to the survival of nonhuman primates in human-dominated globalized landscapes? American Journal of Primatology, 72(10), 925–931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lee, P. C. & Priston, N. E. C. (2005). Human attitudes to primates: Perceptions of pests, conflict and consequences for conservation. In Paterson, J. D. (ed.) Commensalism and Conflict: The Primate–Human Interface. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Hignell Printing.Google Scholar

Malone, N., Wade, A. H., Fuentes, A., et al. (2014). Ethnoprimatology: Critical interdisciplinary and multispecies approaches in anthropology. Critique of Anthropology, 34, 8–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mojo, D., Rothschuh, J., & Alebachew, M. (2014). Farmers’ perceptions of the impacts of human–wildlife conflict on their livelihood and natural resource management efforts in Cheha Woreda of Guraghe Zone, Ethiopia. Human–Wildlife Interactions, 8(1), 67–77.Google Scholar

Molur, S., Brandon-Jones, D., Dittus, W., et al. (eds.) (2003). Status of South Asian Primates: Conservation, Assessment and Management Plan (CAMP) Workshop Report, 2003. Coimbatore, India: Zoo Outreach Organisation, IUCN/SCC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group South Asia.Google Scholar

Nekaris, K. A. I., Shepherd, C. R., Starr, C. R., & Nijman, V. (2010) Exploring cultural drivers for wildlife trade via an ethnoprimatological approach: A case study of slender and slow lorises (Loris and Nycticebus) in South and Southeast Asia. American Journal of Primatology, 72, 877–886.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nekaris, K. A. I., Boulton, A., & Nijman, V. (2013). An ethnoprimatological approach to assessing levels of tolerance between human and commensal non-human primates in Sri Lanka. Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 91, 219–231.Google ScholarPubMed

Parker, L., Nijman, V., & Nekaris, K. A. I. (2008). When there is no forest left: Fragmentation, local extinction, and small population sizes in the Sri Lankan western purple-faced langur. Endangered Species Research, 5, 29–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Peterson, M. N., Birckhead, J. L., Leong, K., Peterson, M. J., & Peterson, T. R. (2010). Rearticulating the myth of human–wildlife conflict. Conservation Letters, 3, 74–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rees, A. (2001). Anthropomorphism, anthropocentrism, and anecdote: Primatologists on primatology. Science, Technology and Human Values, 26(2), 227–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rees, A. (2007). Reflections on the field: Primatology, popular science and the politics of personhood. Social Studies of Science, 37, 881–907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Riley, E. P. (2006). Ethnoprimatology: Toward reconciliation between biological and cultural anthropology. Ecological and Environmental Anthropology, 2(2), 75–86.Google Scholar

Riley, E. P. (2007). The human–macaque interface: Conservation implications of current and future overlap and conflict in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. American Anthropologist, 109(3), 473–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Riley, E. & Priston, N. E. C. (2010). Macaques in farms and folklore: Exploring the human–nonhuman primate interface in Sulawesi, Indonesia. American Journal of Primatology, 71, 1–7.Google Scholar

Saj, T. L., Sicotte, P., & Paterson, J. D. (2001). The conflict between vervet monkeys and farmers at the forest edge in Entebbe, Uganda. African Journal of Ecology, 39(2), 195–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Saraswat, R., Sinha, A., & Radhakrishna, S. (2015). A god becomes a pest? Human–rhesus macaque interactions in Himachal Pradesh, northern India. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 61(3), 435–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sillero-Zubiri, C. & Switzer, D. (2001). Crop Raiding Primates: Searching for Alternative, Humane Ways to Resolve Conflict with Farmers in Africa. Oxford: Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Oxford University.Google Scholar

Sorensen, T. C. & Fedigan, L. M. (2000). Distribution of three monkey species along a gradient of regenerating tropical dry forest. Biological Conservation, 92, 227–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sousa, J., Vicente, L., Gippoliti, S., Casanova, C., & Sousa, C. (2014). Local knowledge and perceptions of chimpanzees in Cantanhez National Park, Guinea-Bissau. American Journal of Primatology, 76, 122–134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Whiten, A. & Byrne, R. W. (1988). The manipulation of attention in primate tactical deception. In Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A. (eds.) Machiavellian Intelligence: Social Expertise and the Evolution of Intellect in Monkeys, Apes and Humans. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 211–223.Google Scholar

Wittemeyer, G., Elsen, P., Bean, W. T., et al. (2008). Accelerated human population growth at protected area edges. Science, 321(5885), 123–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar