Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 September 2009
Until very late in the twentieth century, the USA was the setting for most statistical studies of ethnic inequality; Canada ranked second, Australia a distant third. This situation reflected the high proportions of immigrants in these countries and the large amount of information that researchers could obtain about the foreign born. After World War II, however, the numbers immigrating to Europe began to grow. Today, annual immigration to Europe is twice as high as annual immigration to the “New World” (Widgren 1994). As a result, Europe's immigrants have attracted increasing amounts of research attention. Indeed, several European nations now field surveys explicitly designed to illuminate the experiences of their ethnic minorities.
Studies of Britain's ethnic minorities stand at the forefront of this new scholarship. The first survey specifically devoted to this population was launched in 1966; more exhaustive studies followed in 1974, 1982, and 1994. To be sure, in the early years, the data collected in these surveys were available only to a small group of scholars. But today researchers can obtain the responses to the 1994 National Survey of Ethnic Minorities on CD-ROM from the Data Archive at Essex University. Of course, already in the late 1980s, the British Labour Force Survey was available on computer tape; by 1993 the UK Census was accessible on the University of Manchester's mainframe. And each year new sources of information on Britain's immigrants and minorities become available.
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