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2 - Demography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2012

Stephen Gillam
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Jan Yates
Affiliation:
East of England Strategic Health Authority
Padmanabhan Badrinath
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

Key points

  • Demography is the scientific study of human populations.

  • It is important to understand the structure of a population in order to plan health and public health interventions; population structures can be represented as age pyramids.

  • Population growth or decline depends upon fertility, mortality and migration.

  • The concepts of demographic, epidemiological and health transitions help explain dramatic shifts in population structure and patterns of disease that have taken place in most countries.

  • The measurement of demographic statistics is difficult and modelling is used to provide comparable data across the world.

Introduction

Demography is the scientific study of human populations. It involves analysis of three observable phenomena: changes in population size, the composition of the population and the distribution of populations in space. Demographers study five processes: fertility, mortality, marriage, migration and social mobility. These processes determine populations’ size, composition and distribution. Basic understanding of demography is essential for public health practitioners because the health of communities and individuals depends on the dynamic relationship between the numbers of people, the space which they occupy and the skills they have acquired. The main sources of demographic information vary between countries and they are well developed in the western hemisphere.

Type
Chapter
Information
Essential Public Health
Theory and Practice
, pp. 29 - 42
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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References

Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population DivisionThe World Population Prospects 2004 New York, NYUnited Nationshttp://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WPP2004/2004Highlights_finalrevised.pdfGoogle Scholar
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Omran, A. R.The epidemiologic transitionMilbank Quarterly 49 1971 509CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olshansky, S. J.Ault, A. B.The fourth stage of the epidemiologic transition: the age of delayed degenerative diseasesMilbank Quarterly 64 1986 355CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization, Health transitionhttp://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story050/en/index.html
Wilkinson, R. G.Pickett, K.The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do BetterLondonAllen Lane 2009Google Scholar
MEASURE DHS, Demographic and Health Surveyshttp://www.measuredhs.com/start.cfm
Centre for Health Economics (CHE)http://www.york.ac.uk/media/che/documents/papers/researchpapers/CHERP63_avoidable_mortality_what_it_means_and_how_it_is_measured.pdf

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