Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T16:11:33.434Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - An Overview of Unconventional Gas Extraction in Australia

The First Decade

from Part I - Overview

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2022

By
Geralyn McCarron  and
Shay Dougall
Edited by
John Stolz ,
Daniel Bain  and
Michael Griffin
John Stolz
Affiliation:
Duquesne University, Pittsburgh
Daniel Bain
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Michael Griffin
Affiliation:
Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania
Get access

Summary

This chapter presents an overview of the development of the unconventional gas (UG) industry in Australia, particularly in Queensland where most activity has occurred to date. We explore government commitment to the establishment of the UG Industry as a new export product, and subsequent government facilitation of the growth of the industry via the retreat from regulation, the reduction of rigour around the permitting and approvals process and the reluctance to consider cumulative impacts of multiple UG operations in the same area. The issues of public health, water security, domestic energy supply and pricing, and greenhouse gas emissions are considered. In the final analysis, a sustainable ecological development approach should be the ultimate outcome of the adaptive environmental management regime, and indeed was the stated policy of government pre-UG industry. If this was adopted, then the future of the unconventional gas industry in Australia would be limited.

Keywords

Australiaunconventional gashealthemissionsclimatewaste water
Type
Chapter
Information
Environmental Impacts from the Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reserves , pp. 44 - 78
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arrow Energy. (2013). Arrow Bowen Gas Project EIS Project 4. www.arrowenergy.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/28944/Section_04-Project-Description.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Arup, T. (2013). Abbott Shuts Down Climate Commission. The Sydney Morning Herald. www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/abbott-shuts-down-climate-commission-20130919-2u185.html (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Ascend Waste & Environment. (2017). Hazardous Waste in Australia. Department of the Environment and Energy. www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/291b8289-29d8-4fc1-90ce-1f44e09913f7/files/hazardous-waste-australia-2017.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Ascend Waste & Environment. (2019). Hazardous Waste in Australia. Department of Environment & Energy. www.environment.gov.au/protection/publications/hazardous-waste-australia-2019 (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Aston, H. (2017). Barnaby Joyce’s Forecast of CSG Royalty Riches Compared to ‘$100 Lamb Roast’ Claim. The Sydney Morning Herald.Google Scholar
Aubusson, K. (2019). NSW bushfires: ‘Apocalyptic’ Health Effects of Sydney’s Toxic Air. The Sydney Morning Herald. www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/nsw-bushfires-apocalyptic-health-effects-of-sydney-s-toxic-air-20191211-p53ixc.html (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Australia Pacific LNG. (2017). Condamine River Seeps. www.aplng.com.au/topics/coal-seam-gas/condamine-river-seeps.html?fbclid=IwAR2Lb86uv6yJSYg22rR4k_oibSFKJdUo4AGv3-Sw3XBcGDwmJ2xYISkRpLE (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). (2018). Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, Nov 2018 www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/DetailsPage/6291.0.55.003Nov%202018?OpenDocument (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Australian Energy Market Opperator (AEMO). (2017). Gas development required to meet future demand. Aemo. https://aemo.com.au/-/media/media-hub/documents/2017/more-gas-development-required-to-meet-future-demand/media-release-gas-development-required-to-meet-future-energy-demand.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
AEMO. (2019). Gas Statement of Opportunities for Eastern and South Eastern Australia. Tech. rep. Melbourne, Australia: Australian Energy Market Operator. www.aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Gas/National_Planning_and_Forecasting/GSOO/2019/2019-GSOO-report.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Australian Energy Resources Assessment (AERA). (2019). Website. https://aera.ga.gov.au/#!/energy-resources-and-market (accessed 23 April 2020)Google Scholar
Australian Government. (1998). Productivity Commission Act 1998 (Cth), subsection 10(1)(i).Google Scholar
Australian Government. (2005). www.environment.gov.au/land/rangelands (accessed 23 April 2020).Google Scholar
Australian Government. (2013). Mineral and Energy Resource Exploration Productivity Commission Inquiry Report No. 65. www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/resource-exploration/report/resource-exploration.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Australian Government. (2016). Senate Select Committee on Unconventional Gas Mining (Bender Inquiry). www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Gasmining (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association (APPEA). (2014). Red tape shackles economic growth. www.appea.com.au/tags/green-tape/ (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Casson, R. (2015). AGL’s irrigation trial ends in doubt. Manning River Times. www.manningrivertimes.com.au/story/3044536/agls-irrigation-trial-ends-in-doubt/ (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Chang, C. (2017). How Australia is being screwed over it’s gas. News.com.au. www.news.com.au/finance/economy/australian-economy/how-australia-is-being-screwed-over-its-gas/news-story/4187e60617aec18e87d57453cfca0167 (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Chang, C. (2019). Tax and royalty systems for Australia’s gas and oil industries need reform, experts argue. news.com.au. www.news.com.au/finance/business/mining/tax-and-royalty-systems-for-australias-gas-and-oil-industries-need-reform-experts-argue/news-story/a900c328f1a01bf4e3aee8b867138262 (accessed April 23, 2020)Google Scholar
Claudio, F, de Rijke, K, and Page, A. (2018). The CSG Arena: A Critical Review of Unconventional Gas Developments and Best-Practice Health Impact Assessment in Queensland. Impact Assess. Project Appraisal 36, 105–114.Google Scholar
Clean State. (2019). Runaway Train: The impact of WA’s LNG industry on meeting our Paris targets and national efforts to tackle climate change. CCWA & Clean State Report: October 2019 https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2019-11/apo-nid266691.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Climate Action Tracker. (2020). https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/australia/ (accessed April 18, 2020).Google Scholar
COAG. (2013). Multiple Land Use Framework. Online publication. www.coagenergycouncil.gov.au/sites/prod.energycouncil/files/publications/documents/Multiple%20Land%20Use%20Framework%20-%20Dec%202013.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Curtis, K. (2020). Virus shadow looms over economy for years. Australian Associated Press. www.aap.com.au/tax-cuts-deregulation-on-road-to-recovery/ (accessed April 26, 2020).Google Scholar
Day, S, Dell’Amico, M, Fry, RA, and Javanmard Tousi, H. (2014). Field Measurements of Fugitive Emissions from Equipment and Well Casings in Australian Coal Seam Gas Production Facilities. GISERA.Google Scholar
Diss, K. (2018). How the Gorgon gas plant could wipe out a year’s worth of Australia’s solar emissions savings. ABC www.abc.net.au/news/2018-06-21/gorgon-gas-plant-wiping-out-a-year-of-solar-emission-savings/9890386 (accessed April 20, 2020).Google Scholar
Doctors for the Environment Australia (DEA). (2013). Submission 70. Australian Government Productivity Commission. Doctors for the Environment Australia Inc. Hon Secretary David Shearman. www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/resource-exploration/submissions/submissions-test2/submission-counter/subdr070-resource-exploration.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Doctors for the Environment Australia (DEA). (2019). Submission 0014. Inquiry into the implementation of the recommendations contained in the NSW Chief Scientist’s independent review of CSG activities in NSW. www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/lcdocs/submissions/66403/0014%20Doctors%20for%20the%20Environment%20Australia.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Dougall, S. (2019). Workplace health and safety (WHS) implications for farmers hosting unconventional gas (UG) exploration & production. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety. 17(2): 156–172. DOI: 10.1080/14773996.2019.1649903Google Scholar
Drinkwater, R. (2017). Unconventional Gas. Australian Parliament Library. www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook45p/UnconventionalGas (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Drinkwater, R. (2015). Understanding Environmental Risks Associated with Unconventional Gas in Australia. Master of Science (Engineering) Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia, 115 pages.Google Scholar
Environmental Defenders Officer (EDO) (2013). EDO offices face closure after federal funding cuts. EDO article online. www.edonsw.org.au/edo_offices_face_closure_after_government_funding_cuts (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Environmental Defenders Officer (EDO). (2016). Submission 56. Select Committee on Unconventional Gas Mining. www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Gasmining/Gasmining/Submissions (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Environmental Defenders Officer (EDO). (2018). Spotlight on prosecutions of Linc Energy. EDO Article. www.edoqld.org.au/spotlight_on_prosecutions_of_linc_energy (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Energy Resource Insights (ERI). (2020). http://data.erinsights.com/maps/fossilfuels-au.html (accessed April 14, 2020).Google Scholar
Espig, M and de Rijke, K. (2016). Unconventional gas development and the politics of risk and knowledge in Australia. Energy Research & Social Science. 20: 82–90. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2016.06.001Google Scholar
Flanagan, R. (2020). Australia is Committing Climate Suicide. The New York Times. www.nytimes.com/2020/01/03/opinion/australia-fires-climate-change.html (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Fleming, DA and Measham, TG. (2015). Local economic impacts of an unconventional energy boom: The coal seam gas industry in Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 59(1): 78–94.Google Scholar
Foley, N. (2020). Gas to fire economic recovery and capitalise on cheap oil prices. The Sydney Morning Herald. www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/gas-to-fire-economic-recovery-and-capitalise-on-cheap-oil-prices-20200421-p54lw8.html. (accessed April 26, 2020).Google Scholar
Forcey, T. (2018a). Greenhouse Gas Footprint: What we do and don’t know about gas. ReNew magazine. http://renew.org.au/articles/greenhouse-gas-footprint-what-we-do-and-dont-know-about-gas/ (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Forcey, T. (2018b). Submission 548. Northern Territory Fracking Inquiry. https://frackinginquiry.nt.gov.au/?a=479474 (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
The Gasfields Commission. (2018). Queensland’s Petroleum & Gas Industry Snapshot, Petroleum and Gas Royalties Paid to the State 2010–2017. https://gasfieldscommissionqld.org.au/gas-industry/gasindustryfacts (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Geoscience Australia. (2019). www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/energy/resources/petroleum-resources/coal-seam-gas (accessed April 14, 2020).Google Scholar
Gocher, D. (2020). A gas-fired recovery? Seriously? Lobby Watch. https://medium.com/lobbywatch/a-gas-fired-recovery-seriously-27cee36e8712 (accessed April 26, 2020).Google Scholar
Gosden, E. (2019). Regulator digs into Cuadrilla’s fracking earthquake. The Times. www.thetimes.co.uk/article/regulator-digs-into-cuadrillas-fracking-earthquake-xtvnkr72p (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Government of West Australia. (2019). Decision Report, Gorgon LNG Project, Works Approval Number W6199/2018/1.Google Scholar
Grudnoff, M. (2014). Fracking the future: Busting industry myths about coal seam gas. The Australia Institute Online Institute Paper No. 16. ISSN 1836-8948. www.tai.org.au/sites/default/files/IP%2016%20Fracking%20the%20future%20-%20amended_0.pdf (accessed April 15, 2020).Google Scholar
Hannan, P. (2019). Australia’s greenhouse emissions set new seven-year highs on gas boom. The Sydney Morning Herald. www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/australia-s-greenhouse-emissions-set-new-seven-year-highs-on-gas-boom-20190830-p52mbe.html (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Hansard. (2010a). Queensland Parliament. page 1140, www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/2010/2010_03_25_WEEKLY.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Hansard. (2010b). Queensland Parliament. Letter from BG Group to Premier Anna Bligh. www.parliament.qld.gov.au/Documents/TableOffice/TabledPapers/2010/5310T1958.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Hansard. (2014). Queensland Parliament. Page MARSH, Ms Simone, Private capacity, https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=COMMITTEES;id=committees%2Fcommsen%2F9e7a99b6-f87b-4ac0-a713-d192a8889516%2F0001;query=Id%3A%22committees%2Fcommsen%2F9e7a99b6-f87b-4ac0-a713-d192a8889516%2F0000%22 (Accessed 15/04/2020) (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Hansard NSW Parliament. (2019). REPORT ON PROCEEDINGS BEFORE PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE NO. 4 – INDUSTRY, 3rd December 2019.Google Scholar
Haswell, M. and Shearman, D. (2018). The Implications for Human Health and Wellbeing of Expanding Gas Mining in Australia: Onshore Oil and Gas Policy Background Paper. Doctors for the Environment Australia. www.dea.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/DEA-Oil-and-Gas-final-28-11-18.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Hawthorne, M. (2012). 14,000 jobs to go but no sackings. ABC news. www.abc.net.au/news/2012-09-14/no-qld-public-servants-sacked-newman-says/4261346 (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Horne, N. (2020). Parliamentary Library. www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/FlagPost/2020/April/COVID-19_and_parliamentary_sittings (accessed April 26, 2020).Google Scholar
Huth, N, Cocks, B, Dalgliesh, N, Poulton, P, Marinoni, O, and Garcia, J. (2018). Farmers’ perceptions of coexistence between agriculture and a large scale coal seam gas development. Agriculture and Human Values. 35(1): 99–115.Google Scholar
Hunter, T. (2016). The development of shale gas and coal bed methane in Australia: Best practice for international jurisdiction. Houston Journal of International Law. 38(2): 367–424.Google Scholar
Independent Expert Scientific Committee (IESC). (2014). Knowledge report. Monitoring and management of subsidence induced by coal seam gas extraction. www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/632cefef-0e25-4020-b337-80a9932d1c67/files/knowledge-report-csg-extraction_0.pdf (accessed April 22, 2020).Google Scholar
Jaganathan, J. (2018). Reuters. www.reuters.com/article/us-australia-qatar-lng/australia-grabs-worlds-biggest-lng-exporter-crown-from-qatar-in-nov-idUSKBN1O907N (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Keywood, M, Grant, S, Walton, A, Aylward, L, Rifkin, W, Witt, K, Kumar, A, and Williams, M. (2018). Human Health Effects of Coal Seam Gas Activities: A Study Design Framework. CSIRO. Task 4 Report for Health Project (H.1).Google Scholar
Lafleur, D, Forcey, T, Saddler, H, and Sandiford, M. (2016). A Review of Current and Future Methane Emissions from Australian Unconventional Oil and Gas Production. Melbourne Energy Institute. http://climatecollege.unimelb.edu.au/review-current-and-future-methane-emissions-australian-unconventional-oil-and-gas-production (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Lawson, SJ, Powell, JC, Noonan, J, Dunne, J, and Etheridge, D. (2018). Ambient air quality in the Surat Basin, Queensland, Overall assessment of air quality in region from 2014–2018. Report for the Gas Industry Social and Environmental Research Alliance (GISERA), Project No G.3.Google Scholar
Lloyd-Smith, M and Immig, J. (2018). Ocean Pollutants Guide, Toxic Threats to Human Health and Marine Life. IPEN. Online. https://ntn.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ipen-ocean-pollutants-v2_1-en-web.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Lowe, I. (2019). Climate Change Impacts of Proposed Shale Gas Development in the Northern Territory. Lock the Gate Online. https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/lockthegate/pages/6323/attachments/original/1571177037/LTG_NT_ShaleGas_2019_A4_SML.pdf?1571177037&fbclid=IwAR3HH7k6EUoXQ5wIe7RgqWCqnh-txV5ZMVh49PW7WLPMG24z2BniA0_AjCY (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Ludlow, M. (2019). Gas consortium wins royalty decision against Queensland government. Financial Review. www.afr.com/business/energy/gas-consortium-wins-royalty-decision-against-queensland-government-20190524-p51qru?fbclid=IwAR2f47OKQbN-l53FI3qSguIg4FYVgxjzLyE1YhPF4s2jtXkhPFVjg5JcdF0 (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Luke, H. (2018). Unconventional gas development in Australia: A critical review of its social license. The Extractive Industries and Society. 5(4): 648–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2018.10.006.Google Scholar
MacDonald-Smith, A. (2019). Forrest backed Port Kembla LNG import project gets green light. Financial Review. www.afr.com/business/energy/forrest-backed-port-kembla-lng-import-project-gets-green-light-20190429-p51i38 (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
MacDonald-Smith, A. (2020). LNG exports to take $20b hit as prices nosedive. Financial Review article. www.afr.com/companies/energy/lng-exports-to-take-20b-hit-as-prices-to-nosedive-20200416-p54kcn (accessed April 18, 2020).Google Scholar
Marsh, S. (2016). Submission 316. Senate Select Committee on Unconventional Gas Mining. www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Gasmining/Gasmining/Submissions (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Marsh, S. (2018). The Second British Invasion: how royal cronies and the gas debacle took Australia for billions (including the Fletcher email). MichaelWest.com.au www.michaelwest.com.au/the-second-british-invasion-how-royal-cronies-and-the-gas-debacle-took-australia-for-billions/ (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
McCarron, G. (2013). Symptomatology of a gasfield. Self-published article. http://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/lockthegate/pages/49/attachments/original/1367333672/2013-04-symptomatology_of_a_gas_field_Geralyn_McCarron.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
McCarron, G. (2018). Air Pollution and human health hazards: a compilation of air toxins acknowledged by the gas industry in Queensland’s Darling Downs. International Journal of Environmental Studies. 75(1): 171–185. DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2017.1413221Google Scholar
McLennan, C. (2019). Another backflip on promises to stick to fracking rules. The Katherine Times. https://bit.ly/2yICORK. (accessed June 24, 2019).Google Scholar
McLennan, C. (2020). Fracking comes to an abrupt halt in the NT. The Katherine Times. www.katherinetimes.com.au/story/6710441/fracking-comes-to-an-abrupt-halt-in-the-nt/ (accessed April 18, 2020).Google Scholar
Morgan, MI, Hine, DW, Bhullar, N, Dunstan, DA, and Bartik, W. (2016). Fracked: Coal seam gas extraction and farmers’ mental health. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 47: 22–32.Google Scholar
National COVID-19 Coordination Commission. 2020. Australian Government Website. www.pmc.gov.au/nccc/who-we-are (accessed April 26, 2020).Google Scholar
National Pollutant Inventory. (2015). Emissions by individual facility. www.npi.gov.au/npidata/action/load/emission-by-individual-facility-result/criteria/state/QLD/year/2015/jurisdiction-facility/Q012QGC015 (accessed August 6, 2019).Google Scholar
NEPM. National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure. Report of the Risk Assessment Taskforce. Appendix 5. Ambient Air Monitoring Programs around Australia. Online report. www.nepc.gov.au/system/files/resources/9947318f-af8c-0b24-d928-04e4d3a4b25c/files/aaq-ratf-rpt-appendix5-ambient-air-monitoring-programs.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
News.com video. (2020). Arrow Energy announces $10bn Surat Gas project in Queensland. Online video clip. https://bit.ly/2KwN4iK (accessed April 18, 2020).Google Scholar
NSW Chief Scientist and Engineer. (2014). Final Report: Office of the Chief Scientist and Engineer. New South Wales Government.Google Scholar
Ogge, M. (2015). Be careful what you wish for. The economic impacts of unconventional gas in Queensland and implications for Northern Territory policy makers. The Australia Institute Online Discussion paper. www.tai.org.au/sites/default/files/Be%20careful%20what%20you%20wish%20for%20FINAL_0.pdf (accessed April 15, 2020).Google Scholar
Pepper, R. (2018). Final Report of the Scientific Inquiry into Hydraulic Fracturing in the Northern Territory. https://frackinginquiry.nt.gov.au/inquiry-reports/final-reportGoogle Scholar
Permanent Peoples Tribunal. (2018). 47th Session on human rights, fracking, and climate change. http://permanentpeoplestribunal.org/47-session-on-human-rights-fracking-and-climate-change-14-18-may-2018/?lang=en (accessed 23 April 2020)Google Scholar
Petroleum and Gas Inspectorate. (2019). December 2019 Newsletter. www.vision6.com.au/v/23788/1774178580/email.html?k=rQmALtW4AuN5i35dwhsMTkTnaPb4f8OOw1Hdw8m-kEQ (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Primary Industries, South Australia. (2019). Fast Facts Overview.https://pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/339842/PIRSA_Primary_Industries_in_SA_Fast_Facts_Overview_-_1_April_2019.pdf (accessed December 27, 2019).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2000). Queensland Water Act. www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/inforce/current/act-2000-034 (accessed April 22, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2007). Queensland gas scheme proves a winner. http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2007/4/3/queensland-gas-scheme-proves-a-winner (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2008). CSG water to be put to good use. http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/Id/61113 (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2010a). Premier announces major milestone for fledgling LNG industry. http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2010/6/25/premier-announces-major-milestone-for-fledgling-lng-industry (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2010b). Queensland’s LNG industry, A once in a generation opportunity for a generation of employment. www.cabinet.qld.gov.au/documents/2010/nov/lng%20blueprint/Attachments/LNG%20Blueprint.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2011). Wild Rivers Declaration. Queensland Government, 2011, Georgina and Diamantina Basins Wild River Declaration. www.diamantina.qld.gov.au/documents/800087/4666855/087%20-%20Declaration.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2012). Queensland Resources Cabinet Committee to examine regulation impacts.http://state.governmentcareer.com.au/archived-news/queensland-resources-cabinet-comittee-to-examine-regulation-impacts (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2013a). Adaptive Management. www.ehp.qld.gov.au/management/non-mining/adaptive-management.html (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2013b). Resources Cabinet Committee, 6 month report card: July to December 2013. www.dlgrma.qld.gov.au/resources/report/6-month-report-card-jul-dec-2013.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2013c). Nature Conservation and Other Legislation Amendment Act (No. 2) 2013. www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/asmade/act-2013-055 (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2013d). Coal Seam Gas in the Tara Region: Summary Risk Assessment of Health Complaints and Environmental Monitoring Data. Queensland Government Department of Health.Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2013e). Cougar Energy fined $75,000 for breaching Environmental Protection Act. http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2013/9/24/cougar-energy-fined-75000-for-breaching-environmental-protection-act (accessed April 15, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2014a). General Beneficial Use Approval: Irrigation of Associated Water (including coal seam gas water). https://environment.des.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0037/89389/wr-ga-irrigation-associated-water.pdf (accessed April 20, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2014b). General beneficial use approval Associated water (including coal seam gas water). www.ehp.qld.gov.au/assets/documents/regulation/wr-ga-associated-water.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government. (2016). Underground coal gasification banned in Queensland. http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2016/4/18/underground-coal-gasification-banned-in-queensland (accessed April 15, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government (2009) Central West Regional Plan, Part E- Regional Policies and Strategies www.dlgrma.qld.gov.au/resources/plan/central-west/cw-plan-part-e-regional-policies-and-strategies.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government Budget Strategy and Outlook a. (2017–2018).Google Scholar
Queensland Government Budget Strategy and Outlook b. (2019–2020). https://budget.qld.gov.au/files/BP2.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Queensland Government prosecution bulletins (2012–2019). https://environment.des.qld.gov.au/management/compliance-enforcement/prosecution-bulletins (accessed 23 April 2020)Google Scholar
Robertson, B. (2019). IEEFA update: The staggering cost of gas in Australia. Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, http://ieefa.org/the-staggering-cost-of-gas-in-australia/ (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Santos, . (2010). GLNG Wins Queensland Environmental Approval. www.santos.com/media/1802/280510_glng_wins_queensland_environmental_approval.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Schandl, H, Baynes, T, Haque, N, Barrett, D, and Geschke, A. (2019). Whole of Life Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment of a Coal Seam Gas to Liquefied Natural Gas Project in the Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia. Final Report. GISERA. Project G2. https://gisera.csiro.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/GISERA_G2_Final_Report-whole-of-life-GHG-assessment.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Scott, R. (2016). Independent Review of the Gasfields Commission Queensland and associated matters.https://cabinet.qld.gov.au/documents/2016/Oct/RevGasComm/Attachments/Report.PDF (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Simply Wall St. (2020). MD, CEO & Director Kevin Gallagher Just Sold A Bunch Of Shares In Santos Limited (ASX:STO). https://simplywall.st/news/md-ceo-director-kevin-gallagher-just-sold-a-bunch-of-shares-in-santos-limited-asxsto/ (accessed April 27, 2020).Google Scholar
Smith, P and Cunningham-Foran, K. (2018). Court Processes for Environmental and Resource Issues in Queensland, Australia. www.courts.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/587207/lc-sp-pas-court-processes-for-environmental-and-resource-issues-in-qld.pdf (accessed April 20, 2020).Google Scholar
Somerville, W. (2016). Submission 16, Senate Select Committee on Unconventional Gas Mining. www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Gasmining/Gasmining/Submissions (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Swayne, N. (2012). Regulating coal seam gas in Queensland: Lessons in an adaptive environmental management approach. Environmental and Planning Law Journal. 29(2): 163–185.Google Scholar
Tait, D, Santos, I, Maher, D, Cyronak, T, and Davis, R. (2013). Enrichment of radon and carbon dioxide in the open atmosphere of an Australian coal seam gas field. Environmental Science & Technology. 47(7): 3099–3104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es304538g (accessed 23 April 2020)Google Scholar
The Straits Times. (2018). World’s largest floating LNG plant starts production. The Straits Times. www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/worlds-largest-floating-lng-plant-starts-production (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Toscano, N. (2019). Gas giants sound warnings on Queensland royalty hike, The Sydney Morning Herald. www.smh.com.au/business/companies/gas-giants-sound-warnings-on-queensland-royalty-hike-20190612-p51wyu.html (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Towler, B, Firouzi, M, Underschultz, J, Rifkin, W, Garnett, A, Schultz, H, Esterle, J, Tyson, S, and Witt, K. (2016). An overview of the coal seam gas developments in Queensland. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 31 : 249–271.Google Scholar
Turton, D. (2014). Codifying coexistence: Land access frameworks for Queensland mining and agriculture in 1982 and 2010. Journal of Australasian Mining History. 12.Google Scholar
United Nations, Framework Principles on Human Rights and the Environment. (2018).www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Environment/SREnvironment/Pages/FrameworkPrinciplesReport.aspx (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Underground Water Impact Report (UWIR), 2012, 2016, (2018). www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/mining-energy-water/resources/environment-water/ogia (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Victorian Government. (2017). Media Release. Fracking banned in Victoria, giving certainty to farmers. www.premier.vic.gov.au/fracking-banned-in-victoria-giving-certainty-to-farmers/ (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Walton, A, McRae, R, and Leonard, R. (2014). Survey of Community Wellbeing and Responding to Change: Western Downs Region in Queensland. CSIRO. https://gisera.csiro.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Social-2-Final-Report.pdf (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Werner, AK, Vink, S, Watt, K, and Jagals, P. (2015). Environmental health impacts of unconventional natural gas development: A review of the current strength of evidence. Science Total Environment. 505: 1127–1141.Google Scholar
Werner, AK, Watt, K, Cameron, CM, Vink, S, Page, A, and Jagals, P. (2016). All-age hospitalization rates in coal seam gas areas in Queensland, Australia, 1995–2011. BMC Public Health. 16: 125. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889–016-2787-5Google Scholar
Werner, A, Watt, K, Cameron, K, Vink, S, Page, A, and Jagels, P. (2018). Examination of Child and Adolescent Hospital Admission Rates in Queensland, Australia, 1995–2011: A Comparison of Coal Seam Gas, Coal Mining, and Rural Areas. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 22: 1306–1318 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995–018-2511-4 (accessed April 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Western Australian Standing Committee of Environment and Public Health Affairs. (2015). Implications for Western Australia of Hydraulic Fracturing for Natural Gas, Report 42. Western Australian Standing Committee of Environment and Public Health Affairs.Google Scholar
Witt, K. (2012). Understanding responsibility in land ownership and natural resource management. PhD thesis, University of Queensland, pp. 42–49.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×