Prologue

THIS READING OF HEINRICH VON KLEIST is a reading of “backsides.” It recognizes the subversive, “inverted” forms of his literature and acknowledges contradictions and holes in his writing. It goes to the margins of German Classicism, to the no man's land of the Napoleonic Wars, and to the peripheries of Kant's philosophy. These are the sites in which Kleist stood as an officer, an author, and a critic; in these contexts, his writing appeared and vanished. His novels and plays are responses to the literary court of Weimar and are read as subversive interpretations of Goethe's work. From an “epistemological” point of view, his literature can be seen as a long remark on his Kant-Krise and as a prolonged struggle with the definitions of Enlightenment; his “misinterpretation” of Kant, however, opens perspectives on disasters in the realm of reason. In the political context, his work can be located as an appendix to Prussian militarism and the war with France. Herein lies the meaning of reading Kleist from the “back”: it is a reading that explores the subversive movement that governs his writing and studies the counter-movements, the movements of resistance and escape that characterize his war literature. In his writings Kleist declared war — war against Enlightenment and Classicism, but also war against war itself. His soldiers resist the conventional warfare of his age and often move on different, irregular, “inverted” paths of violence.