Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T05:25:58.694Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

III - Language Interfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2019

Raymond Hickey
Affiliation:
Universität Duisburg–Essen
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
English in Multilingual South Africa
The Linguistics of Contact and Change
, pp. 239 - 393
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Boshoff, S. P. E. (1921). Volk en taal van Suid-Afrika [People and Language of South Africa]. Pretoria: De Bussy.Google Scholar
Carstens, W. A. M. (2011). Norme vir Afrikaans [Norms for Afrikaans], 5th ed. Pretoria: Van Schaik.Google Scholar
Changuion, A. N. E. (1844). De Nederduitsche taal in Zuid-Afrika hersteld [The Low German Language Restored in South Africa]. Cape Town: Richert, Pike & Co.Google Scholar
Davids, Achmat (2011). The Afrikaans of the Cape Muslims: From 1815 to 1915. Pretoria: Protea.Google Scholar
Den Besten, Hans (2012). ‘From Khoekhoe foreigner talk via Hottentot Dutch to Afrikaans: the creation of a novel grammar’, in van der Wouden, Ton (ed.), Roots of Afrikaans: Selected Writings of Hans den Besten. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 257–88.Google Scholar
Deumert, Ana (2004). Language Standardization and Language Change: The Dynamics of Cape Dutch. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Deumert, Ana (2005). ‘The unbearable lightness of being bilingual: English–Afrikaans language contact in South Africa’, Language Sciences 27: 113–35.Google Scholar
Donaldson, Bruce C. (1988). The Influence of English on Afrikaans. Pretoria: Serva.Google Scholar
Duchêne, Alexandre and Heller, Monica (eds.) (2007). Discourses of Endangerment: Ideology and Interest in the defence of Languages. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Du Plessis, Hans (1980). ‘Afrikaans in Johannesburg’, Taalfasette 27(2): 114.Google Scholar
Du Toit, S. J. (1880). Geskiedenis van die Afrikaanse taalbeweging ver vriend en vyand uit publieke en private bronne [History of the Afrikaans language Movement for Friend and Foe from Public and Private Sources]. Paarl: D. F. du Toit.Google Scholar
Du Toit, S. J. (1891). Afrikaans ons volkstaal: 71 Stellinge [Afrikaans our national language. 71 theses]. Paarl: D. F. du Toit.Google Scholar
Feinauer, A. E. (1989). ‘Plasing in Afrikaanse afhanklike sinne’ [Placement in dependent clauses in Afrikaans], South African Journal of Linguistics 7(1): 30–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feinauer, A. E. (1990) ‘Skoon afhanklike sinne in Afrikaanse spreektaal’ [Unmarked dependent clauses in spoken Afrikaans], South African Journal of Linguistics 8(3): 116–20.Google Scholar
Geerts, G., Haeseryn, W., de Rooij, J. and van den Toorn, M.C. (1984). Algemene Nederlandse Spraakkunst [General Dutch Grammar]. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff.Google Scholar
Greig, Robert (2018). Considering Kaatje’, Litnet, www.litnet.co.za/considering-kaatje/ (last accessed 3 May 2018).Google Scholar
Heller, Monica and Duchêne, Alexandre (2007). ‘Discourses of endangerment: sociolinguistics, globalization, and social order’, Duchêne, Alexandre and Heller, Monica (eds.), Discourses of Endangerment: Ideology and Interest in the Defence of Languages. London: Continuum, pp. 113.Google Scholar
Hoogenhout, C. P. ([?1881]1906). ‘Fooruitgang’ [Progress], in Afrikaanse Gedigte, Byeenfersameld uit wat in di laaste 30 Jaar verskyn is, 1876–1906 [Afrikaans Poetry, Collected from what has appeared in the last 30 years, 1876–1906]. Paarl: Paarl Drukpers Maatskappy Beperk.Google Scholar
Jansen van Vuuren, Marieta (2007). ‘Die Internet as platform vir ’n nuwe Afrikaanse taalgemeenskap en ’n nuwe variasie: ’n korpuslinguistiese ondersoek’ [The internet as a platform for a new Afrikaans speech community and new variation: a corpus linguistic analysis], unpublished PhD thesis, North-West University.Google Scholar
Kirsten, Johanita (2016). ‘Grammatikale verandering in Afrikaans van 1911–2010’ [Grammatical change in Afrikaans from 1911–2010], unpublished PhD thesis, North-West University.Google Scholar
Kruger, Haidee and Van Rooy, Bertus (2016). ‘Syntactic and pragmatic transfer effects in reported-speech constructions in three contact varieties of English influenced by Afrikaans’, Language Sciences 56: 118–31.Google Scholar
Le Roux, J. J. (1932). ‘Watter standpunt moet ons teenoor Anglisismes neem?’ [What standpoint should we adopt towards Anglicisms?], Die Taalgenoot, June/July.Google Scholar
Le Roux, J. J. (1939). Praatjies oor ons taal [Talks about Our Language]. Cape Town: Nasionale Pers.Google Scholar
Le Roux, J. J. (1952). Anglisismes [Anglicisms]. Cape Town: Nasionale Pers.Google Scholar
Mansvelt, N. (1884). Proeve van een Kaapsch-Hollandsch Idioticon [Samples of the Cape Dutch Lexicon] Cape Town: Van de Sandt, De Villiers, en co.Google Scholar
Marx, Hannelie and Milton, Viola Candice (2011). ‘Bastardised whiteness: “zef”-culture, Die Antwoord and the reconfiguration of contemporary Afrikaans identities’, Social Identities 17(6): 723–45.Google Scholar
McCormick, Kay (2002). Language in Cape Town’s District Six. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McLachlan, Tom (2016). ‘Die dierbare Engels’ [The dearest English], Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe 56(2): 725–6.Google Scholar
McLachlan, Tom (2017). ‘Oor Afrikaans en sy voortbetstaan’ [About Afrikaans and its survival], Litnet, www.litnet.co.za/oor-afrikaans-en-sy-veelbesproke-voortbestaan-n-mening/ (last accessed 7 May 2018).Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (1993). ‘Nineteenth-century attestations of English-Afrikaans code-mixing in the Cape’, Language Matters 24: 4761.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (2017). ‘South Africa and areal linguistics’, in Hickey, Raymond (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Areal Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 527–50.Google Scholar
Odendal, F. F. (1960). ‘Versigtig met die woord Anglisisme’ [Careful with the word Anglicism]. Die Huisgenoot 42: 7 (11 November 1960).Google Scholar
Pienaar, E. C. (1943). Die Triomf van Afrikaans: Historiese oorsig oor die wording, ontwikkeling, skriftelike gebruik en uiteindelike erkenning van ons taal [The triumph of Afrikaans: An historical overview of the origin, development, written usage and ultimate recognition of our language]. Cape Town: Nasionale Pers Beperk.Google Scholar
Ponelis, Fritz (1979). Afrikaanse Sintaksis [Afrikaans Syntax]. Pretoria: J L van Schaik.Google Scholar
Ponelis, Fritz (1993). The Development of Afrikaans. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Ponelis, Fritz (1999). ‘Afrikaans–English codeswitching and convergence’, Language Matters 30: 157–70.Google Scholar
Posthumus, M. J. (1969). ‘Die opkoms van Afrikaans as kultuurtaal sedert 1925’ [The rise of Afrikaans as language of high culture since 1925], in Van der Merwe, H. J. J. M. (ed.), Afrikaans: Sy aard en ontwikkeling. [Afrikaans: Its nature and development]. Pretoria: JL van Schaik, pp. 92–7.Google Scholar
Rousseau, H. J. (1937). Die invloed van Engels op Afrikaans, Deel 1: ’n Sosiologies-taalkundige ondersoek [The Influence of English on Afrikaans, Part 1: A sociological-linguistic investigation]. Cape Town: Maskew Miller.Google Scholar
Scholtz, J. du P. (1980). Wording en ontwikkeling van Afrikaans [Origin and Development of Afrikaans]. Cape Town: Tafelberg.Google Scholar
Schoonees, P. C. (1936). ‘Die gevaarlike Anglisisme’ [The dangerous Anglicism], Die Huisgenoot 20(757): 13, 95 (25 September 1936).Google Scholar
Scott, Mike (2016). WordSmith Tools Version 7.0. Stroud: Lexical Analysis Software Limited.Google Scholar
Stell, Gerald (2009). ‘Codeswitching and ethnicity: grammatical types of codeswitching in the Afrikaans speech community’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language 209: 103–28.Google Scholar
Stell, Gerald (2011). Ethnicity and Language Variation: Grammar and Code-Switching in the Afrikaans Speech Community. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Terblanche, H. J. (1946). ‘Wat is ’n Anglisisme?’ [What is an Anglicism?] Brandwag 10(466): 39 (Friday 6 September 1946).Google Scholar
Van Coller, H. P. (2012). ‘The beginnings of Afrikaans literature’, in Attwell, David and Attridge, Derek (eds.), The Cambridge History of South African Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 262–85.Google Scholar
Van Rooy, Bertus and van den Doel, Rias (2011). ‘Dutch and Afrikaans as post-pluricentric languages’, International Journal for the Sociology of Language 212: 122.Google Scholar
Willemse, Hein (2012). ‘Afrikaans literature, 1948–1976’, in Attwell, David and Attridge, Derek (eds.), The Cambridge History of South African Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 429–52.Google Scholar

References

Alleyne, Mervyn C. (2000). ‘Opposite process in “Creolization”’, in Neumann-Holzschuh, Ingrid and Schneider, Edgar (eds.), Degrees of Restructuring in Creole Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 125–34.Google Scholar
Ansaldo, Umberto, Matthews, Stephen and Lim, Lisa (eds.) (2008). Deconstructing Creole. Typological Studies in Language 73. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Arthur, Jay M. (1996). Aboriginal English, A Cultural Study. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Asher, R. E. 1985. Tamil. London: Croom Helm, http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_tml (last accessed 20 May 2019).Google Scholar
Bailey, Guy and Maynor, Natalie (1985). ‘The present tense of “be” in southern black folk speech’, American Speech 60: 195213.Google Scholar
Bakker, Peter, Daval-Markussen, Aymeric, Parkvall, Mikael and Plag, Ingo (2011). ‘Creoles are typologically distinct from non-creoles’, Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 26(1): 542.Google Scholar
Beal, Joan (1993). ‘The grammar of Tyneside and Northumbrian English’, in Milroy, James and Milroy, Lesley (eds.), Real English: The Grammar of the English Dialects in the British Isles. London: Longman, pp. 187213.Google Scholar
Benton, Richard A. (1991). ‘Maori English: a New Zealand myth?’, in Cheshire, Jenny (ed.), English Around the World: Sociolinguistic Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 187–99.Google Scholar
Bhana, Surendra and Brain, Joy B. (1990). Setting Down Roots: Indian Migrants in South Africa, 1860–1911. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.Google Scholar
Bhatt, Rakesh M. (2004). ‘Indian English: syntax’, in Kortmann, Bernd and Schneider, Edgar W. (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English. Volume 2: Morphology and Syntax. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 1016–30.Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek (1975). Dynamics of a Creole System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek (1984). ‘The language bioprogram hypothesis’, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7: 173–88.Google Scholar
Branford, William (1994). ‘English in South Africa’, in Burchfield, Robert W. (ed.), English in Britain and Overseas: Origins and Development [The Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. 5]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 430–96.Google Scholar
Buchstaller, Isabelle, Holmberg, Anders and Almoaily, Mohammed (eds.) (2014). Pidgins and Creoles beyond Africa–Europe Encounters. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Bughwan, Devamonie (1988). ‘An Investigation into the Use of English by the Indians in South Africa, with Special Reference to Natal’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of South Africa.Google Scholar
Butters, Ronald R. (2001). ‘Grammatical structure’, in Algeo, John (ed.), English in North America [The Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. 6]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 325–39.Google Scholar
DeGraff, Michel (2003). ‘Against Creole exceptionalism’, Language 79(2): 391410.Google Scholar
DeGraff, Michel (2005). ‘Linguists’ most dangerous myth: the fallacy of Creole exceptionalism’, Language in Society 34(4): 533–91.Google Scholar
Detges, Ulrich (2000). ‘Two types of restructuring in French creoles: a cognitive approach to the genesis of tense markers’, in Neumann-Holzschuh, Ingrid and Schneider, Edgar (eds.), Degress of Restructuring in Creole Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 135–62.Google Scholar
Filppula, Markku (1997). ‘Cross-dialectal parallels and language contacts: evidence from Celtic Englishes’, in Hickey, Raymond and Puppel, Stanisław (eds.), Language History and Linguistic Modelling: A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on his 60th Birthday. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 943–57.Google Scholar
Harris, John (1991). ‘Conservatism versus substratal transfer in Irish English’, in Trudgill, Peter and Chambers, J. K. (eds.), Dialects of English: Studies in Grammatical Variation. London: Longman, pp. 191212.Google Scholar
Hickey, Raymond (1995). ‘An assessment of language contact in the development of Irish English’, in Fisiak, Jacek (ed.), Language Change under Contact Conditions. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 109–30.Google Scholar
Hickey, Raymond (1997). ‘Arguments for creolisation in Irish English’, in Hickey, Raymond and Puppel, Stanisław (eds.), Language History and Linguistic Modelling: A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on his 60th Birthday. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 9691038.Google Scholar
Hickey, Raymond (2003a). ‘Rectifying a standard deficiency: pronominal distinctions in varieties of English’, in Taavitsainen, Irma and Jucker, Andreas H. (eds.), Diachronic Perspectives on Address Term Systems. Pragmatics and Beyond, New Series, Vol. 107 (Amsterdam: Benjamins), pp. 345–74.Google Scholar
Hickey, Raymond (2003b). ‘How do dialects get the features they have? On the process of New Dialect Formation’, in Hickey, Raymond (ed.), Motives for Language Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 213–39.Google Scholar
Hickey, Raymond (2004a). ‘South Asian English’, in Hickey, Raymond (ed.), Legacies of Colonial English: Studies in Transported Dialects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 536–58.Google Scholar
Hickey, Raymond (2004b). A Sound Atlas of Irish English. Berlin, NewYork: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Hickey, Raymond (2007). Irish English, Its History and Present-Day Forms, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kiesling, Scott F. (2004). ‘English input to Australia’, in Hickey, Raymond (ed.), Legacies of Colonial English: Studies in Transported Dialects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 418–39.Google Scholar
Kihm, Alan (2008). ‘Creoles, markedness and default settings: an appraisal’, in Kouwenberg, Silvia and Kingler, John (eds.), The Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies. Malden: Wiley, pp. 411–39.Google Scholar
Knooihuizen, Remco (2015). ‘Language shift and apparent standardisation in Early Modern English’, Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 1(2): 189211.Google Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd (ed.) (2004). Dialectology Meets Typology: Dialect Grammar from a Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Lanham, Len W. (1996). ‘A history of English in South Africa’, in de Klerk, Vivian (ed.), Focus on South Africa. Varieties of English Around the World, G15. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1934.Google Scholar
Lass, Roger (1990). ‘Early mainland residues in Southern Hiberno-English’, in Dolan, Terence P. (ed.), The English of the Irish, Irish University Review, Special Issue 20:1. Dublin: n.p., pp. 137–48.Google Scholar
Lass, Roger and Wright, Susan (1986). ‘Endogeny vs. contact: Afrikaans influence on South African English’, English World-Wide 7, 201–23.Google Scholar
MacAulay, Donald (1992). The Celtic Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Malcolm, Ian G. (2001). ‘Aboriginal English: Adopted code of a surviving culture’, in Blair, David and Collins, Peter (eds.), English in Australia. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 201–22.Google Scholar
McArthur, Tom (2002). The Oxford Guide to World English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McCafferty, Kevin (2003). ‘Innovation in language contact Be after V-ing as a future gram in Irish English, 1670 to the present’, Diachronica 21(1): 113–60.Google Scholar
McCafferty, Kevin (2014). ‘“I dont care one cent what [Ø] goying on in Great Britten”’: Be-deletion in Irish English’, American Speech 89(4): 441–69.Google Scholar
McWhorter, John (1998). ‘Identifying the creole prototype: vindicating a typological class’, Language 74(4): 788818.Google Scholar
McWhorter, John (2008). ‘Deconstructing creole’, Review of Deconstructing Creole by Umberto, Ansaldo, Stephen Matthews and Lisa Lim, Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 23(2): 289306.Google Scholar
McWhorter, John (2012). ‘Case closed? Testing the feature pool hypothesis’, Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 27(1): 171–82.Google Scholar
McWhorter, John (2018). The Creole Debate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (1992). English in Language Shift: The History, Structure and Sociolinguistics of Indian South African English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (1996). ‘Language contact, transmission, shift: Indian South African English’, in de Klerk, Vivian (ed.), Focus on South Africa. Varieties of English Around the World, G15. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 7998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend 2002a. ‘From second language to first language: Indian South African English’, in Mesthrie, Rajend (ed.), Language in South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 339–55.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (2002). ‘Endogeny versus contact revisited: aspectual busy in South African English’, in Hickey, Raymond (ed.), Collecting Views on Language Change. Special issue of Language Sciences, Vol. 24.1. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 345–58.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (2004). ‘Indian South African English: morphology and syntax’, in Kortmann, Bernd, Burridge, Kate, Mesthrie, Rajend, Schneider, Edgar W. and Upton, Clive (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English, Vol. 1: Phonology, Volume 2: Morphology and Syntax. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 974–92.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend and Bhatt, Rakesh M. (2008). World Englishes: The Study of New Linguistic Varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Montgomery, Michael (2001). ‘British and Irish antecedents’, in Algeo, John (ed.), English in North America [The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 6]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 86153.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. (2001). The Ecology of Language Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Parkvall, Mikael (2008). ‘The simplicity of creoles in a cross-linguistic perspective’, in Miestamo, Matti, Sinnemäki, Kaius and Karlsson, Fred (eds.), Language Complexity: Typology, Contact, Change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 265–85.Google Scholar
Plag, Ingo (2008). ‘Creoles as interlanguages: inflectional morphology’, Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 23(1): 114–35.Google Scholar
Sabban, Annette (1984). ‘Investigations into the syntax of Hebridean English’, Scottish Language 3: 532.Google Scholar
Sakoda, Kent and Siegel, Jeff (2008). ‘Hawai’i Creole: morphology and syntax’, in Burridge, Kate and Kortmann, Bernd (eds.), Varieties of English. Vol. 3: The Pacific and Australasia. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 514–45.Google Scholar
Shukla, Shaligram 1981. Bhojpuri Grammar. Washington: Georgetown University Press, http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_bho (last accessed 20 May 2019).Google Scholar
Siemund, Peter (ed.) (2011). Linguistic Universals and Language Variation. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Siemund, Peter (2013). Varieties of English: A Typological Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Thomason, Sarah G. and Kaufman, Terence (1988). Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Watermeyer, Susan (1996). ‘Afrikaans English’, in de Klerk, Vivian (ed.), Focus on South Africa. Varieties of English Around the World, G15. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 99124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiebesiek, Lisa (2007). ‘Addressing the ‘Standard English Debate’ in South Africa: the case of South African Indian English’, unpublished masters dissertation, University of KwaZulu-Natal.Google Scholar
Winford, Donald (1997–8). ‘On the origins of African American Vernacular English: a creolist perspective’, Diachronica 14(2): 305–44; 15(1): 99–154.Google Scholar
WALS (World Atlas of Language Structures Online) (2013). ‘Chapter 68: The Perfect’, wals.info/chapter/68 (last accessed 4 June 2018).Google Scholar
Wright, Susan (1997). ‘“Ah’m going for to give youse a story today”: Remarks on second person plural pronouns in Englishes’, in Cheshire, Jenny L. and Stein, Dieter (eds.), Taming the Vernacular: From Dialect to Written Standard Language. London: Longman, pp. 170–84.Google Scholar

References

Anthonissen, Christine (2009). ‘Bilingualism and language shift in Western Cape communities’, Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics 38: 6176.Google Scholar
Anthonissen, Christine (2013). ‘“With English the world is more open to you”: language shift as marker of social transformation’, English Today 113(29): 2835.Google Scholar
Anthonissen, Christine and George, Erica (2003). ‘Family languages: bilingualism and language shift’, paper presented at the Twenty-First World Congress of the World Federation of Modern Languages Association, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg.Google Scholar
Antonie, Alexa N. (2009). ‘Profiling bilingualism in a historically Afrikaans community on the Beaufort West Hooyvlakte’, unpublished Master’s dissertation, University of Stellenbosch.Google Scholar
Bangeni, Bongi and Kapp, Rochelle (2007). ‘Shifting language attitudes in a linguistically diverse learning environment in South Africa’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 28: 253–69.Google Scholar
Beukes, Johannes Daniel (2015). ‘Language shift within two generations: Afrikaans mother tongue parents raising English mother tongue children’, unpublished Master’s dissertation, University of Stellenbosch.Google Scholar
Bosch, Barbara (2000). ‘Ethnicity markers in Afrikaans’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language 144: 5168.Google Scholar
Busch, Brigitta (2016). ‘Categorizing languages and speakers: why linguists should mistrust census data and statistics’, Working Papers in Urban Language and Literacies 189: 118.Google Scholar
Casale, Daniela and Posel, Dorrit (2011). ‘English language proficiency and earnings in a developing country: the case of South Africa’, Journal of Socio-Economics 40: 385–93.Google Scholar
Coetzee-Van Rooy, Susan (2012). ‘Flourishing functional multilingualism: evidence from language repertoires in the Vaal Triangle region’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language 218: 1121.Google Scholar
Coetzee-Van Rooy, Susan (2013). ‘Afrikaans in contact with English: endangered language or case of exceptional bilingualism’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language 224: 179207.Google Scholar
Cummins, Jim (1979). ‘Cognitive/academic language proficiency, linguistic interdependence, the optimum age question and some other matters’, Working Papers on Bilingualism 19: 121–9.Google Scholar
Cummins, Jim (1980). ‘The cross-lingual dimensions of language proficiency: implications for bilingual education and the optimal age issue’, TESOL Quarterly 14(2): 175–87.Google Scholar
DAC (2003). National Language Policy Framework. Pretoria: Department of Arts and Culture.Google Scholar
Dalvit, Lorenzo and de Klerk, Vivian (2005). ‘Attitudes of Xhosa-speaking students at the University of Fort Hare towards the use of Xhosa as language of learning and teaching (LOLT)’, Southern African Journal of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 23(1): 118.Google Scholar
DBE (2010). The Status of the Language of Learning and Teaching (LOLT) in South African Public Schools: A Quantitative Overview. Pretoria: Department of Basic Education.Google Scholar
De Kadt, Elizabeth (2002). ‘Gender and usage patterns of English in South African urban and rural contexts’, World Englishes 21: 8397.Google Scholar
De Kadt, Elizabeth (2005). ‘English, language shift and identities: a comparison between ‘Zulu-dominant’ and ‘multicultural’ students on a South African university campus’, Southern African Journal of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 23(1): 1937.Google Scholar
De Klerk, Vivian (2000). ‘Language shift in Grahamstown: a case study of selected Xhosa-speakers’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language 146: 87110.Google Scholar
De Klerk, Vivian and Bosch, Barbara (1998). ‘Afrikaans to English: a case study of language shift’, South African Journal of Linguistics 16(2): 4351.Google Scholar
Deumert, Ana (2010). ‘Tracking the demographics of (urban) language shift: an analysis of South African census data’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 31(1): 1335.Google Scholar
Deumert, Ana and Mabandla, Nkululkeo (2006). ‘i-Dollar eyi one! Language, communication networks and economic participation, towards an inclusive economy’, paper presented at the Development Policy Research Unit/Trade and Industrial Policy Conference, Johannesburg.Google Scholar
Dyers, Charlyn (2004). ‘Ten years of democracy: attitudes and identity among some South African school children’, Per Linguam 20(1): 2235.Google Scholar
Dyers, Charlyn (2008a). ‘Language shift or maintenance? Factors determining the use of Afrikaans among township youth in South Africa’, Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics 38: 4972.Google Scholar
Dyers, Charlyn (2008b). ‘Truncated multilingualism or language shift? An examination of language use in intimate domains in a new non-racial working class township in South Africa’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 29(2): 110–26.Google Scholar
Farmer, Jean and Anthonissen, Christine (2010). ‘Transitions and translations to English in schools of the Helderberg area’, Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics 39: 123.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua A. (1964). ‘Language maintenance and language shift as a field of inquiry’, Linguistics 9: 3270.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua A. (1966). Language Loyalty in the United States; The Maintenance and Perpetuation of Non-English Mother Tongues by American Ethnic and Religious GroupsThe Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua A. (2004). ‘Language maintenance, language shift, and reversing language shift’, in Bhatia, Tej K. and Ritchie, William C. (eds.), The Handbook of Bilingualism. Malden/Oxford/Carlton: Blackwell, pp. 406–36.Google Scholar
Gal, Susan (1979). Language Shift: Social Determinants of Language Change in Bilingual Austria. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Haugen, Einar (1953). The Norwegian Language in America, 2 vols. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Heugh, Kathleen (2005). ‘Mother tongue education is best’, HSRC Review 3(3): 67.Google Scholar
Hunter, Mark and Hachimi, Atiqa (2012). ‘Talking race, talking class: language, class and race in the call center industry in South Africa’, Social and Cultural Geography 13(6): 551–66.Google Scholar
Kamwangamalu, Nkonko M. (2003). ‘Social change and language shift in South Africa’, Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 23: 225–42.Google Scholar
Kamwangamalu, Nkonko M. (2007). ‘One language, multi-layered identities: English in a society in transition, South Africa’, World Englishes 26(3): 263–75.Google Scholar
Kroll, Judith F., Dussias, Paola E., Bice, Kinsey and Perrotti, Lauren (2015). ‘Bilingualism, mind and brain’, Annual Review of Linguistics 1: 377–94.Google Scholar
Lieberson, Stanley and Curry, Timothy J. (1971). ‘Language shift in the United States: some demographic clues’, International Migration Review 5(2): 125–37.Google Scholar
Makoni, Sinfree and Pennycook, Alastair 2005. ‘Disinventing and (re)constituting languages’, Critical Inquiry in Language Studies 2(3): 137–56.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (1992). English in Language Shift: The History, Structure and Sociolinguistics of South African Indian English. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (1996). ‘Language contact, transmission, shift: South African Indian English’, in de Klerk, Vivian (ed.), Focus on South Africa. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 7997.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (2002). ‘From second language to first language: Indian South African English’, in Mesthrie, Rajend (ed.), Language in South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 339–55.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (2008). ‘Trajectories of language endangerment in South Africa’, in Vigouroux, Cécile B. and Mufwene, Salikoko S. (eds.), Globalization and Language Vitality: Perspectives from Africa. London/New York: Continuum, pp. 3250.Google Scholar
Portes, Alejandro and Schauffler, Richard (1994). ‘Language and the second generation: bilingualism yesterday and today’, International Migration Review 28(4): 640–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Posel, Dorrit and Zeller, Jochen (2016). ‘Language shift or increased bilingualism in South Africa: evidence from census data’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 37(4): 357–70.Google Scholar
Probyn, Margie (2009). ‘“Smuggling the vernacular into the classroom”: conflicts and tensions in classroom codeswitching in township/rural schools in South Africa’, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 12(2): 123–36.Google Scholar
Rudwick, Stephanie (2004). ‘“Zulu, we need [it] for our culture”: Umlazi adolescents in the post-apartheid state’, Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 22: 159–72.Google Scholar
Rudwick, Stephanie (2008). ‘“Coconuts” and “oreos”: English-speaking Zulu-people in a South African township’, World Englishes 27: 101–16.Google Scholar
South African Population Census (1996). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.Google Scholar
South African Population Census (2001). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.Google Scholar
South African Population Census (2011). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.Google Scholar
Thutloa, Alfred Mautsane and Huddlestone, Kate (2011). ‘Afrikaans as an index of identity among Western Cape Coloured communities’, Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics 40: 5773.Google Scholar
Verdoodt, Albert F. 1997. ‘The demography of language’, in Coulmas, Florian (ed.), The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 3343.Google Scholar
Webb, Vic (2002). Language in South Africa: The Role of Language in National Transformation, Reconstruction and Development. Amsterdam/New York: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Weinreich, Uriel (1953). Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. New York: Linguistic Circle of New York.Google Scholar

References

Alexander, Neville (2000). ‘English unassailable but unattainable: the dilemma of language policy in South African education’, PRAESA Occasional Papers 3. Cape Town: PRAESA.Google Scholar
Bentahila, Abdelali and Davies, Eirlys E. (1983). ‘The syntax of Arabic–French code-switching’, Lingua 59(4): 301–30.Google Scholar
Bernsten, Janice (1990). ‘The integration of English loans in Shona: social correlates and linguistic consequences’, unpublished PhD dissertation, Michigan State University.Google Scholar
De Klerk, Vivian (2000a). ‘Language shift in Grahamstown: a case study of selected Xhosa-speakers’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language 146: 87110.Google Scholar
De Klerk, Vivian (2000b). ‘To be Xhosa or not to be Xhosa … that is the question’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 21: 198215.Google Scholar
Edwards, John (1994). Multilingualism. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Finlayson, Rosalie and Slabbert, Sarah (1997). ‘“We just mix”: code-switching in a South African township’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language 125: 6598.Google Scholar
Finlayson, Rosalie, Calteaux, Karen and Myers-Scotton, Carol (1998). ‘Orderly mixing and accommodation in South African codeswitching’, Journal of Sociolinguistics 2(3): 395420.Google Scholar
Gumperz, John (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Haugen, Einar (1950). ‘The analysis of linguistic borrowing’, Language 26: 210–31.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd and Kuteva, Tania (2003). ‘On contact-induced grammaticalization’, Studies in Language 27(3): 529–72.Google Scholar
Hickey, Raymond (2010). ‘Language contact: reassessment and reconsideration’, in Hickey, Raymond (ed.), The Handbook of Language Contact. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 128.Google Scholar
Lass, Roger (2002). ‘South African English’, in Mesthrie, Rajend (ed.), Language in South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 104–26.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (1992). English in Language Shift: The History, Structure and Sociolinguistics of South African Indian English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (2008). ‘“I’ve been speaking Tsotsitaal all my life without noticing it”: towards a unified account of Tsotsitaals in South Africa’, in Meyerhoff, Miriam and Nagy, Naomi (eds.), Social Lives in Language: Sociolinguistics and Multilingual Speech Communities, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 95110.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend and Hurst, Ellen (2013). ‘Slang registers, code-switching and restructured urban varieties in South Africa: an analytic overview of tsotsitaal with special reference to the Cape Town variety’, Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 28(1):103–30.Google Scholar
Mougeon, Raymond and Beniak, Edouard (1991). Linguistic Consequences of Language Contact and Restriction. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol (1992). ‘Comparing codeswitching and borrowing’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 13: 1939.Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol (1993). Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Codeswitching. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol (2002). Contact Linguistics: Bilingual Encounters and Grammatical Outcomes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol (2004). ‘Precision tuning of the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model of codeswitching’, Sociolinguistica 18: 106–17.Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol and Jake, Janice (2000). ‘Four types of morphemes: evidence from aphasia, codeswitching, and second language acquisition’, Linguistics 38(6): 1053–100.Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol and Jake, Janice (2001). ‘Explaining aspects of code-switching and their implications’, in Nicol, Janet (ed.), One Mind, Two Languages: Bilingual Language Processing. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell, pp. 84116.Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol and Jake, Janice (2009). ‘A universal model of code-switching and bilingual language processing’, in Bullock, Barbara and Toribio, Almeida Jacqueline (eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Code-Switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 336–57.Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol and Jake, Janice (2017). ‘Revisiting the 4-M model: codeswitching and morpheme election at the abstract level’, International Journal of Bilingualism 21(3): 340–66.Google Scholar
Poplack, Shana, Sankoff, David and Miller, Christopher (1988). ‘The social correlates and linguistic processes of lexical borrowing and assimilation’, Linguistics 26: 47104.Google Scholar
Pullum, Geoffrey K. and Huddleston, Rodney (2002). ‘Prepositions and prepositional phrases’, in Huddleston, Rodney and Pullum, Geoffrey K. (eds.), The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ross, Malcom (2001). ‘Contact-induced change in Oceanic languages in North-West Melanesia’, in Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. and Dixon, R. M. W. (eds.), Areal Diffusion and Genetic Inheritance: Problems in Genetic Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 134–66.Google Scholar
Simango, Silvester Ron (2011). ‘When English meets isiXhosa in the clause: an exploration into the grammar of codeswitching’, Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 29: 127–34.Google Scholar
Simango, Silvester Ron (2015). ‘“Amaphi ama-subject eniwa-enjoy-ayo esikolweni?”: language practices among bilingual learners in the Eastern Cape’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language 234: 7791.Google Scholar
Thomason, Sarah Grey and Kaufman, Terrence (1988). Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Weinreich, Uriel (1968). Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar

References

Altmann, Heidi and Kabak, Barış (2015). ‘English word stress in L2 and postcolonial varieties’, in Gut, Ulrike, Fuchs, Robert and Wunder, Eva-Maria (eds.), Universal or Diverse Paths to English Phonology. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 185207.Google Scholar
Atterer, Michaela and Ladd, Robert D. (2004). ‘On the phonetics and phonology of segmental anchoring of F0: evidence from German’, Journal of Phonetics 32: 177–97.Google Scholar
Atoye, Raphael O. (2005). ‘Non-native perception and interpretation of English intonation’, Nordic Journal of African Studies 14(1): 2642.Google Scholar
Baker, Rachel E. (2010). ‘Non-native perception of native English prominence’, in Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2010 100171, 14. Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
Bekker, Ian (2009). ‘The vowels of South African English’, unpublished PhD thesis, North-West University.Google Scholar
Breen, Mara, Fedorenko, Evelina, Wagner, Michael and Gibson, Edward (2010). ‘Acoustic correlates of information structure’, Language and Cognitive Processes 25(7–9): 1044–98.Google Scholar
Bowerman, Sean (2004). ‘White South African English: phonology’, in Schneider, Edgar W., Burridge, Kate, Kortmann, Bernd, Mesthrie, Rajend and Upton, Clive (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English, Vol. 1: Phonology. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 931–42.Google Scholar
Bullock, Barbara E. (2009). ‘Prosody in contact in French: a case study from a heritage variety in the USA’, International Journal of Bilingualism 13: 165–94.Google Scholar
Coetzee, Andries W. and Wissing, Daan P. (2007). ‘Global and local durational properties in three varieties of South African English’, Linguistic Review 24: 263–89.Google Scholar
Coulmas, Florian (2005). Sociolinguistics: The Study of Speaker’s Choices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Da Silva, Arista B. (2008). ‘South African English: a sociolinguistic investigation of an emerging variety’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand.Google Scholar
De Leeuw, Esther, Mennen, Ineke, and Scobbie, James M. (2012). ‘Singing a different tune in your native language: first language attrition of prosody’, International Journal of Bilingualism 16(1): 101–16.Google Scholar
Dupoux, Emmanuel, Pallier, Christophe, Sebastian, Nuria, and Mehler, Jacques (1997). ‘A destressing “deafness” in French?’, Journal of Memory and Language 36: 406–21.Google Scholar
Féry, Caroline, Pandey, Pramod, and Kentner, Gerrit (2016). ‘The prosody of Focus and Givenness in Hindi and Indian English’, Studies in Language 40(2): 302–39.Google Scholar
Fung, Ho Sze Holly, and Mok, Peggy (2014). ‘Realization of narrow focus in Hong Kong English declaratives: a pilot study’, in Proceedings of Speech Prosody 7, Dublin 2014. Dublin, pp. 964–8.Google Scholar
Gussenhoven, Carlos (2015). ‘On the intonation of tonal varieties of English’, in Filppula, Markku, Klemola, Juhani and Sharma, Devyani (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of World Englishes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 569–98.Google Scholar
Gut, Ulrike (2016). ‘Question intonation in Brunei English’, World Englishes 35(4): 529–41.Google Scholar
Gut, Ulrike and Pillai, Stefanie (2015). ‘The question intonation of Malay speakers of English’, in Delais-Roussarie, Elisabeth, Avanzi, Mathieu, and Herment, Sophie (eds.), Prosody and Languages in Contact: L2 Acquisition, Attrition, Languages in Multilingual Situations. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, pp. 5170.Google Scholar
Gut, Ulrike, Pillai, Stefanie, and Don, Zuraidah Mohd (2013). ‘The prosodic marking of information status in Malaysian English’, World Englishes 32(2): 185–97.Google Scholar
Hellmuth, Samantha (2005). ‘No de-accenting in (or of) phrases: evidence from Arabic for crosslinguistic and cross-dialectal prosodic variation’, in Frota, Sónia (ed.), Prosodies. Berlin: De Gruyter: pp. 99112.Google Scholar
Hoot, Bradley (2017). ‘Narrow presentational focus in heritage Spanish and the syntax–discourse interface’, Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7(1): 6395.Google Scholar
Ip, Kwan Ho Martin and Cutler, Anne (2017). ‘Intonation facilitates prediction of focus even in the presence of lexical tones’ in Proceedings of Interspeech, Stockholm 2017. Stockholm: ISCA, pp. 1218–22.Google Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd, Schneider, Edgar W., Burridge, Kate, Mesthrie, Rajend, and Upton, Clive (eds.) (2004). A Handbook of Varieties of English: A Multimedia Reference Tool. 2 Vols. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Krifka, Manfred (2008). ‘Basic notions of information structure’, Acta Linguistica Hungaria 55: 243–76.Google Scholar
Ladd, Robert D. (1996). Intonational Phonology. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Liang, Jie and van Heuven, Vincent J. (2007). ‘Chinese tone and intonation perceived by L1 and L2 listeners’, in Truckendbrodt, Hubert, Gussenhoven, Carlos, and Riad, Tomas (eds.), Tones and Tunes, Volume 2: Experimental Studies in Word and Sentence Prosody. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 2762.Google Scholar
Lomotey, Charlotte Fofo (2017). ‘Contrastive focus in Ghanaian English discourse’, World Englishes 36(1): 6079.Google Scholar
Mackey, William F. (2000). ‘The description of bilingualism’, in Wei, Li (ed.), The Bilingualism Reader. London: Routledge, pp. 2250.Google Scholar
Marinis, Theodoros (2010). ‘Using on-line processing methods in language acquisition research’, in Blom, Elma and Unsworth, Sharon (eds.), Experimental Methods in Language Acquisition Research. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 139–62.Google Scholar
Maxwell, Olga (2014). ‘The intonational phonology of Indian English: an autosegmental-metrical analysis based on Bengali and Kannada English’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Melbourne.Google Scholar
Mennen, Ineke (2004). ‘Bi-directional interference in the intonation of Dutch speakers of Greek’, Journal of Phonetics 32(4): 543–63.Google Scholar
Mennen, Ineke (2015). ‘Beyond segments: towards an L2 intonation learning theory (LILT)’, in Delais-Roussarie, Elisabeth, Avanzi, Mathieu, and Herment, Sophie (eds.), Prosody and Languages in Contact: L2 Acquisition, Attrition, Languages in Multilingual Situations. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 171–88.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (2004). ‘Synopsis: the phonology of English in Africa and South and Southeast Asia’, in Kortmann, Bernd, Schneider, Edgar W., Burridge, Kate, Mesthrie, Rajend and Upton, Clive (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English. A Multimedia Reference Tool. Vol. I. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 1099–110.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend (2010). ‘Socio-phonetics and Social Change: deracialisation of the GOOSE vowel in South African English’, Journal of Sociolinguistics 14: 333.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend and Bhatt, Rakesh M. (2008). World Englishes: The Study of New Linguistic Varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Minow, Verena (2010). Variation in the Grammar of Black South African English. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Nayan, Noor Mat and Setter, Jane (2016). ‘Malay English intonation: the cooperative rise’, English World-Wide 37(3): 293322.Google Scholar
Puri, Vandana (2013). ‘Intonation in Indian English and Hindi late and simultaneous bilinguals’, unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champagne.Google Scholar
Queen, Robin M. (2001). ‘Bilingual intonation patterns: evidence of language change from Turkish–German bilingual children’, Language in Society 30: 5580.Google Scholar
Queen, Robin M. (2006). ‘Phrase-final intonation in narratives told by Turkish–German bilinguals’, International Journal of Bilingualism 10(2): 153–78.Google Scholar
Raborife, Mpho, Turco, Giuseppina and Zerbian, Sabine (2016). ‘The prosody of focus and emphasis in Sepedi’, Proceedings of PRASA, Stellenbosch 2016. Stellenbosch: IEEE, pp. 1518.Google Scholar
Snedeker, Jesse and Trueswell, John (2003). ‘Using prosody to avoid ambiguity: effects of speaker awareness and referential context’, Journal of Memory and Language 48: 103–30.Google Scholar
Sorace, Antonella and Filiaci, Francesca (2006). ‘Anaphora resolution in near-native speakers of Italian’, Second Language Research 22(3): 339–68.Google Scholar
Sorace, Antonella (2011). ‘Pinning down the concept of “interface” in bilingualism’, Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 1(1): 133.Google Scholar
Swerts, Marc (2007). ‘Contrast and accent in Dutch and Romanian’, Journal of Phonetics 35(3): 380–97.Google Scholar
Swerts, Marc and Zerbian, Sabine (2010). ‘Intonational differences between L1 and L2 English in South Africa’, Phonetica 67: 127146.Google Scholar
Swerts, Marc, Krahmer, Emiel, and Avesani, Cinzia (2002). ‘Prosodic marking of information status in Dutch and Italian: a comparative analysis’, Journal of Phonetics 30(4): 629–54.Google Scholar
Van Rijswijk, Remy (2016). The Strength of a Weaker First Language: Language Production and Comprehension by Turkish Heritage Speakers in the Netherlands. Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar
Van Rijswijk, Remy, Muntendam, Antje, and Dijkstra, Ton (2017). ‘Focus marking in Dutch by heritage speakers of Turkish and Dutch L1 speakers’, Journal of Phonetics 61: 4870.Google Scholar
Van Rooy, Bertus (2002). ‘Stress placement in Tswana English: the makings of a coherent system’, World Englishes 21(1): 146–60.Google Scholar
Van Rooy, Bertus (2004). ‘Black South African English: phonology’, in Kortmann, Bernd, Schneider, Edgar W., Burridge, Kate, Mesthrie, Rajend, and Upton, Clive (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English: A Multimedia Reference Tool: Volume 1: Phonology. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 943–52.Google Scholar
Van Rooy, Bertus (2008). ‘Black South African English: phonology’, in Mesthrie, Rajend (ed.), Varieties of English 4: Africa, South and Southeast Asia. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 177–87.Google Scholar
Wissing, Daan (2002). ‘Black South African English: a new English? Observations from a phonetic viewpoint’, World Englishes 20(1): 129–44.Google Scholar
Wu, Wing Li, and Yi, Xu (2010). ‘Prosodic focus in Hong Kong Cantonese without post-focus compression’, paper presented at Speech Prosody 2010 Fifth International Conference, May 10–14, Chicago.Google Scholar
Xu, Yi (1999). ‘Effects of tone and focus on the formation and alignment of F0 contours’, Journal of Phonetics 27: 55105.Google Scholar
Xu, Yi and Xu, Ching X. (2005). ‘Phonetic realization of focus in English declarative intonation’, Journal of Phonetics 33: 159–97.Google Scholar
Zerbian, Sabine (2006). ‘Expression of information structure in the Bantu language Northern Sotho’, unpublished PhD dissertation. Humboldt-University.Google Scholar
Zerbian, Sabine (2010). ‘Recent developments in the typology of intonation’, Linguistics and Language Compass 4(9): 874–89.Google Scholar
Zerbian, Sabine (2012). ‘Stress assignment in Black South African English’, in Ndinga-Koumba-Binza, Hugues Steve and Bosch, Sonja E. (eds.), Language Science and Language Technology in Africa: Festschrift for Justus C. Roux. Stellenbosch: Sun Press, pp. 120.Google Scholar
Zerbian, Sabine (2013). ‘Prosodic marking of narrow focus across varieties of South African English’, English World-Wide 34(1): 2647.Google Scholar
Zerbian, Sabine (2015a). ‘Prosodic marking of focus in transitive sentences in varieties of South African English’, in Gut, Ulrike, Fuchs, Robert, and Wunder, Eva-Maria (eds.), Universal or Diverse Paths to English Phonology. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 209–40.Google Scholar
Zerbian, Sabine (2015b). ‘Syntactic and prosodic focus in contact varieties of South African English’, English World-Wide 36(2): 228–58.Google Scholar
Zerbian, Sabine (2015c). ‘Markedness considerations in L2 prosodic focus and givenness marking’, in Delais-Roussarie, Elisabeth, Avanzi, Mathieu, and Herment, Sophie (eds.), Prosody and Languages in Contact: L2 Acquisition, Attrition, Languages in Multilingual Situations. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, pp. 727.Google Scholar
Zerbian, Sabine (2016). ‘Intonation in Sotho-Tswana’, in Downing, Laura J. and Rialland, Annie (eds.), Intonation in African Tone Languages. Berlin: de Gruyter pp. 393433.Google Scholar

References

Aquino, Lalaine F. Yanilla (2012). ‘The effects of bilingual instruction on the literacy skills of young learners’, Working Papers on Bilingualism 4: 113.Google Scholar
Bernhardt, Elizabeth and Kamil, Michael L. (1995). ‘Interpreting relationships between L1 and L2 reading: consolidating the linguistic threshold and the linguistic interdependence hypotheses’, Applied Linguistics 16: 534.Google Scholar
Bialystok, Ellen, Majumder, Shilpi and Martin, Michelle M. (2003). ‘Developing phonological awareness: Is there a bilingual advantage?’, Applied Psycholinguistics 24: 2744.Google Scholar
Biemiller, Andrew (2003). ‘Vocabulary: needed if more children are to read well’, Reading Psychology 24: 323–35.Google Scholar
Both-de Vries, Anna C. and Bus, Adriana G. (2008). ‘Name writing: a first step to phonetic writing?’, Literacy Teaching and Learning 12(2): 3755.Google Scholar
Carlisle, Joanne F., Beeman, Margaret, Davis, Lyle Hull and Spharim, Galila (1999). ‘Relationship of metalinguistic capabilities and reading achievement for children who are becoming bilingual’, Applied Psycholinguistics 20: 459–78.Google Scholar
Castles, Anne and Coltheart, Max (2004). ‘Is there a causal link from phonological awareness to success in learning to read?’, Cognition 91: 77111.Google Scholar
Chow, Bonnie Wing Yin, McBride-Chang, Catherine and Burgess, Stephen (2005). ‘Phonological processing skills and early reading abilities in Hong Kong Chinese kindergarteners learning to read English as a second language’, Journal of Educational Psychology 97(1): 81–7.Google Scholar
Clarke, Mark A (1988). ‘The short circuit hypothesis of ESL reading: or when language competence interferes with reading performance’, in Carrell, Patricia, Devine, Joanne and Eskey, David (eds.), Interactive Approaches to Second Language Reading. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 114–24.Google Scholar
Cui, Yanping (2007). ‘L2 proficiency and L2 reading: consolidating the linguistic threshold hypothesis’, Applied Linguistics 12(4): 18.Google Scholar
Cummins, James (1991). ‘Interdependence of first- and second-language proficiency in bilingual children’, in Bialystok, E. (ed.), Language Processing in Bilingual Children. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 7089.Google Scholar
Cummins, James (2005). ‘Teaching for cross-language transfer in dual language education: possibilities and pitfalls’, www.tesol.org/docs/default-source/new-resource-library/symposium-on-dual-language-education-3.pdf?sfvrsn=0&sfvrsn=0 (last accessed 7 June 2019).Google Scholar
Deacon, Hélène and Cain, Kate (2011). ‘What we have learned from “learning to read in more than one language”’, Journal of Research in Reading 34(1): 15.Google Scholar
De Schryver, Gilles-Maurice, Mogodi, M. P. and Taljard, Elsabe (eds.) (2007). Oxford Bilingual School Dictionary: Northern Sotho and English. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Diaz, Raphael M. and Klingler, Cynthia (1991). ‘Towards an explanatory model of the interaction between bilingualism and cognitive development’, in Bialystok, Ellen (ed.), Language Processing in Bilingual Children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 167–92.Google Scholar
Dickinson, David K., McCabe, Allyssa, Clarke-Chiarelli, Nancy and Wolf, Anne (2004). ‘Cross-language transfer of phonological awareness in low-income Spanish and English bilingual preschool children’, Applied Psycholinguistics 25(1): 323–47.Google Scholar
Dunn, Lloyd M. and Dunn, Leota M. (2007). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, 4th ed. Bloomington: Pearson.Google Scholar
Farkas, George and Beron, Kurt (2004). ‘The detailed age trajectory of oral vocabulary knowledge: differences by class and race’, Social Science Research 33(3): 464–97.Google Scholar
Geva, Esther (2006). ‘Learning to read in a second language: research, implications, and recommendations for services’, Encyclopaedia on Early Childhood Development 1: 112.Google Scholar
Geva, Esther and Siegel, Linda S. (2000). ‘Orthographic and cognitive factors in the concurrent development of basic reading skills in two languages’, Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal 12(1–2): 130.Google Scholar
Graves, Michael F. (2016). The Vocabulary Book: Learning and Instruction. 2nd ed. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Grosjean, Francois (2010). Bilingual: Life and Reality. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Haigh, Corinne A., Savage, Robert, Erdos, Caroline and Genesee, Fred (2011). ‘The role of phoneme awareness and onset rime in second language reading acquisition’, Journal of Research in Reading 34(1): 94113.Google Scholar
Hemphill, Lowry and Tivnan, Terrance (2008). ‘The importance of early vocabulary for literacy achievement in high-poverty schools’, Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk 13: 426–51.Google Scholar
Hu, Marcella and Nation, Paul (2000). ‘Unknown vocabulary density and reading comprehension’, Reading in a Foreign Language 13: 403–30.Google Scholar
Jiang, Nan (2004). ‘Semantic transfer and its implications for vocabulary teaching in a second language’, The Modern Language Journal 88(3): 416–32.Google Scholar
Jiang, Xiangying (2011). ‘The role of first language literacy and second language proficiency in second language reading comprehension’, The Reading Matrix 11(2): 177–90.Google Scholar
Laufer, Batia and Nation, Paul (2014). ‘Vocabulary’, in Gass, Susan M. and Mackey, Alison (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 163–76.Google Scholar
Leafstedt, Jill M. and Gerber, Michael M. (2005). ‘Crossover of phonological processing skills: a study of Spanish-speaking students in two instructional settings’, Remedial and Special Education 26: 226–35.Google Scholar
Makaure, Patricia (2017). ‘Phonological processing and teading fevelopment in Northern Sotho–English bilingual children’, unpublished MA Dissertation, University of South Africa.Google Scholar
Mojela, Victor Maropeng (2002). ‘The cause of urban slang and its effect on the development of the Northern Sotho Lexicon’, Lexikos 12: 201–10.Google Scholar
Musk, Nigel (2005). ‘The vowels and consonants of English’, Linguistics 2(1): 15.Google Scholar
Nation, Paul (2006). ‘How large a vocabulary is needed for reading and listening?’, Canadian Modern Language Review 63: 5982.Google Scholar
Peregoy, Suzanne F. and Boyle, Owen F. (2000). ‘English learners reading English: what we know, what we need to know’, Theory into Practice 39(4): 237–47.Google Scholar
Port, Robert F. (2007). ‘The graphical basis of phones and phonemes’, in Bohn, Ocke-Schwen and Monroe, Murray J. (eds.), Language Experience in Second Language Speech Learning. New York: Johns-Benjamins, pp. 349–65.Google Scholar
Ramus, Frank, Dupoux, Emmanuel and Mehler, Jacques (2003). ‘The psychological reality of rhythm classes: perceptual studies’, Cognition 48: 337–42.Google Scholar
Shankweiler, Donald and Fowler, Anne (2004). ‘Questions people ask about the role of phonological processes in learning to read’, Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal 17: 483515.Google Scholar
Share, David L. (2004). ‘Knowing letter names and learning letter sounds: a causal connection’, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 88: 213–33.Google Scholar
Soares de Sousa, Diane, Greenop, Kirsten and Fry, Jessica (2010). ‘The effects of phonological awareness of Zulu-speaking children learning to spell in English: a study of cross-language transfer’, British Journal of Educational Psychology 80: 517–33.Google Scholar
Spira, Elana Greenfield, Bracken, Stacy Storch and Fischel, Janet E. (2005). ‘Predicting improvement after first-grade reading difficulties: the effects of oral language, emergent literacy, and behavior skills’, Developmental Psychology 41: 225–34.Google Scholar
Taillefer, Gail (1996). ‘L2 reading ability: further insight into the short-circuit hypothesis’, Modern Language Journal 80(4): 461–77.Google Scholar
Thamaga, Lesetje J. (2012). ‘IsiNdebele influence on Sepedi learners around the Dennilton region in the Limpopo province’, unpublished MA thesis, University of Pretoria.Google Scholar
Treiman, Rebecca (2017). ‘Learning to spell: phonology and beyond’, Cognitive Neuropsychology 3: 8393.Google Scholar
TshwaneDJe (Language Software and Services) (2017). Sesotho sa Leboa (Northern Sotho)-English Dictionary, http://africanlanguages.com/sdp/index.php?l=en (last accessed 21 May 2019).Google Scholar
Veii, Kazuvire and Everatt, John (2005). ‘Predictors of reading among Herero–English bilingual Namibian school children’, Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 8(3): 239–54.Google Scholar
Verhoeven, Ludo (2007). ‘Early bilingualism, language transfer, and phonological awareness’, Applied Psycholinguistics 27: 425–39.Google Scholar
Wagner, Richard K., Torgesen, Joseph K. and Rashotte, Carol A. (1994). ‘Development of reading-related PP abilities: new evidence of bidirectional causality from a latent variable longitudinal study’, Developmental Psychology 30(1): 7387.Google Scholar
Wagner, Richard K., Torgesen, Joseph K., Rashotte, Carol A. and Pearson, Nils A. (2013). Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing – Second Edition. Examiner’s Manual. San Antonio: Pearson.Google Scholar
Wang, Min, Koda, Keiko and Perfetti, Charles A. (2003). ‘Alphabetic and non-alphabetic L1 effects in English word identification: a comparison of Korean and Chinese–English L2 learners’, Cognition 87: 129–49.Google Scholar
Wei, Michael and Zhou, Yalun (2013). ‘Transfer of phonological awareness from Thai to English among grade three students in Thailand’, The Reading Matrix 13(1): 113.Google Scholar
Wilsenach, Carien (2013). ‘Phonological skills as predictor of reading success: an investigation of emergent bilingual Northern Sotho/English learners’, Per Linguam. A Journal of Language Learning 29(2): 1732.Google Scholar
Wood, Clare and Connelly, Vincent (2009). ‘Introduction: contempory perspectives on reading and spelling’, in Wood, Clare and Connelly, Vincent (eds.), Contempory Perspectives on Reading and Spelling. London and NewYork: Routledge, pp. 15.Google Scholar
Yamashita, Junko (2002). ‘Mutual compensation between L1 reading ability and L2 language proficiency in L2 reading comprehension’, Journal of Research in Reading 25(1): 8195.Google Scholar

References

Aarons, Deborah (1994). ‘Aspects of the syntax of American Sign Language’, unpublished PhD thesis, Boston University.Google Scholar
Akach, Philemon (1997). ‘The grammar of sign language’, Language Matters 28: 735.Google Scholar
Baker-Shenk, Charlotte (1983). ‘A microanalysis of the nonmanual components of questions in American Sign Language’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of California.Google Scholar
Baker-Shenk, Charlotte and Cokely, David (1981). American Sign Language: A Teacher’s Resource Text on Grammar and Culture. Washington: Gallaudet University Press.Google Scholar
Bank, Richard, Crasborn, Onno and Van Hout, Roeland (2015). ‘Alignment of two languages: the spreading of mouthings in Sign Language of the Netherlands’, International Journal of Bilingualism 19(1): 4055.Google Scholar
Bank, Richard, Crasborn, Onno and Van Hout, Roeland (2016). ‘The prominence of spoken language elements in a sign language’, Linguistics 54(6): 12811306.Google Scholar
Boyes Braem, Penny (2001). ‘Functions of the mouthings in the signing of Deaf early and late learners of Swiss German Sign Language (DSGS)’, in Boyes Braem, Penny and Sutton-Spence, Rachel (eds.), The Hands are the Head of the Mouth: The Mouth as Articulator in Sign Languages. Hamburg: Signum Press, pp. 99132.Google Scholar
Caponigro, Ivano and Davidson, Kathryn (2011). ‘Ask, and tell as well: clausal question-answer pairs in ASL’, Natural Language Semantics 19(4): 323–71.Google Scholar
Crasborn, Onno, van der Kooij, Els, Waters, Dafydd, Woll, Bencie and Mesch, Johanna (2008). ‘Frequency distribution and spreading behaviour of different types of mouth actions in three sign languages’, Sign Language and Linguistics 11(1): 4567.Google Scholar
Crasborn, Onno, Van der Kooij, Els, Ros, Johan and de Hoop, Helen (2009). ‘Topic agreement in NGT (Sign Language of the Netherlands)’, Linguistic Review 26: 355–70.Google Scholar
Davis, Jeffrey (1990). ‘Linguistic transference and interference: interpreting between English and ASL’, in Lucas, Ceil (ed.), Sign Language Research: Theoretical Issues. Washington: Gallaudet University Press, pp. 308–21.Google Scholar
De Beuzevillea, Louise, Johnston, Trevor and Schembri, Adam (2009). ‘The use of space with indicating verbs in Aslan: a corpus-based investigation’, Sign Language and Linguistics 12(1): 5382.Google Scholar
Dryer, Matthew (1997). ‘Are grammatical relations universal?’, in Bybee, Joan, Haiman, John and Thompson, Sandra A. (eds.), Essays on Language Function and Language Type: Dedicated to T. Givon. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 115–43.Google Scholar
Emmory, Karen, Borinstein, Helsa B. and Thompson, Robin (2005). ‘Bimodal bilingualism: code-blending between spoken English and American Sign Language’, in Cohen, James, McAlister, Kara, Rolstad, Kellie and MacSwan, Jeff (eds.), ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Somerville: Cascadilla Press, pp. 663–73.Google Scholar
Fromkin, Victoria, Rodman, Robert and Hyams, Nina (2007). An Introduction to Language. 8th ed. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Hickey, Raymond (2010). ‘Language contact: reconsideration and reassessment’, in Hickey, Raymond (ed.), The Handbook of Language Contact. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 128.Google Scholar
Janzen, Terry, O’Dea, Barbara and Shaffer, Barbara 2001. ‘The construal of events: passives in American Sign Language’, Sign Language Studies 1(3): 281310.Google Scholar
Johnston, Trevor (2016). ‘Auslan corpus annotation guidelines’, http://media.auslan.org.au/attachments/Auslan_Corpus_Annotation_Guidelines_November2016.pdf (last accessed 21 May 2019).Google Scholar
Johnston, Trevor, Van Roekel, Jane and Schembri, Adam (2016). ‘On the conventionalization of mouth actions in Australian Sign Language’, Language and Speech 59(1): 342.Google Scholar
Kimmelman, Vadim (2012). ‘Word order in Russian Sign Language’, Sign Language Studies 12(3): 414–44.Google Scholar
Kimmelman, Vadim and Pfau, Roland (2016). ‘Information structure in sign languages’, in Féry, Caroline and Ishihara, Shinichiro (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Information Structure. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 814–33.Google Scholar
Leeson, Lorraine (2005). ‘Making the effort in simultaneous interpreting: some considerations for signed language interpreters’, in Janzen, Terry (ed.), Topics in Signed Language Interpreting: Theory and Practice. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 5168.Google Scholar
Leeson, Lorraine and Saeed, John (2012). Irish Sign Language: A Cognitive Linguistic Account. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Liddell, Scott (1980). American Sign Language Syntax. New York: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Liddell, Scott (2003). Grammar, Gesture and Meaning in American Sign Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lillo-Martin, Diane and Meier, Richard (2011). ‘On the linguistic status of ‘agreement’ in sign languages’, Theoretical Linguistics 37(3–4): 95141.Google Scholar
Lucas, Ceil and Valli, Clayton (1990). ‘ASL, English and contact signing’, in Lucas, Ceil (ed.), Sign Language Research: Theoretical Issues. Washington: Gallaudet University Press, pp. 288307.Google Scholar
Mohr, Susannah (2014). Mouth Actions in Sign Languages: An Empirical Study of Irish Sign Language. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Nadolske, Marie and Rosenstock, Rachel (2007). ‘Occurrence of mouthings in American Sign Language: a preliminary study’, in Perniss, Pamela, Pfau, Roland and Steinbach, Markus (eds.), Visible Variation: Comparative Studies on Sign Language Structure. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 3561.Google Scholar
Napier, Jemima (2002). ‘University interpreting: issues for consideration’, Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 7(4): 281301.Google Scholar
Napoli, Donna Jo and Sutton-Spence, Rachel (2014). ‘Order of the major constituents in sign languages: implications for all language’, Frontiers in Psychology 5: 376405.Google Scholar
Neidle, Carol, Kegl, Judy, MacLaughlin, Dawn, Bahan, Benjamin and Lee, Robert G. (2000). The Syntax of American Sign Language: Functional Categories and Hierarchical Structure. Cambridge: MIT.Google Scholar
Nicodemus, Brenda, Swabey, Laurie, Leeson, Lorraine, Napier, Jemima, Petitta, Giulia and Taylor, Marty M. (2017). ‘A cross-linguistic analysis of fingerspelling production by sign language interpreters’, Sign Language Studies 17(2): 143–71.Google Scholar
Penn, Claire and Reagan, Timothy (1994). ‘The properties of South African Sign Language: lexical diversity and syntactic unity’, Sign Language Studies 85: 319–27.Google Scholar
Penn, Claire, Ogilvy-Foreman, Dale, Doldin, Debbie and Anderson-Forbes, Meribeth (1994). Dictionary of Southern African Signs for Communication with the Deaf. Pretoria: HSRC.Google Scholar
Pfau, Roland and Steinbach, Markus (2015). ‘PERSON climbing up a tree (and other adventures in sign language grammaticalization)’, in Rutkowski, Paweł (ed.), Signs and Structures: Formal Approaches to Sign Language Syntax. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 71101.Google Scholar
Prinsloo, Aletta (2003). ‘An introductory South African Sign Language grammar for the beginner sign language student’, unpublished MA dissertation, University of the Free State.Google Scholar
Puglielli, Annarita and Frascarelli, Mara (2007). ‘Interfaces: the relation between structure and output’, in Pizzuto, Elena, Pietrandrea, Paula and Simone, Raffaele (eds.), Verbal and Signed Languages: Comparing Structures, Constructs, and Methodologies. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 133–67.Google Scholar
Reagan, Timothy (2008). ‘South African Sign Language and language in education policy in South Africa’, Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics 38: 165–90.Google Scholar
Reilly, Judy, McIntire, Marina and Bellugi, Ursula (1990). ‘The acquisition of conditionals in American Sign Language’, Applied Psycholinguistics 11: 369–92.Google Scholar
Sandler, Wendy (2009). ‘Symbiotic symbolization by hand and mouth in sign language’, Semiotica 174(1): 241–75.Google Scholar
Sandler, Wendy (2010). ‘Prosody and syntax in sign languages’, Transactions of the Philological Society 108(3): 298328.Google Scholar
Schermer, Trude (1985). ‘Analysis of natural discourse of deaf adults in the Netherlands: observations on Dutch Sign Language’, in Stokoe, William and Volterra, Virginia (eds.), Proceedings of the Third International Sign Language Research Symposium, Rome, June 22–26, 1983. Silver Spring: Linstock Press, pp. 281–8.Google Scholar
Steyn, Minna (2015). ‘Investigating the course of L1 SASL development and L2 Afrikaans reading development in young deaf children following a newly introduced curriculum with SASL as both LoLT and school subject’, unpublished MA thesis, Stellenbosch University.Google Scholar
Stokoe, William (1960/2005). ‘Sign language structure: an outline of the visual communication systems of the American deaf’, Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 10(1): 337.Google Scholar
Sutton-Spence, Rachel and Woll, Bencie (2006). The Linguistics of British Sign Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sze, Felix (2011). ‘Nonmanual markings for topic constructions in Hong Kong Sign Language’, Sign Language and Linguistics 14(1): 115–47.Google Scholar
Thomason, Sarah (2010). ‘Contact explanations in linguistics’, in Hickey, Raymond (ed.), The Handbook of Language Contact. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 3147.Google Scholar
Toury, Gideon (2012). Descriptive Translation Studies – and Beyond: Revised Edition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Van der Kooij, Els, Crasborn, Onno and Emmerik, Wim (2006). ‘Explaining prosodic body leans in Sign Language of the Netherlands: pragmatics required’, Journal of Pragmatics 38: 1598–614.Google Scholar
Van Herreweghe, Mieke and Vermeerbergen, Myriam (2012). ‘Verbal predicates in Flemish sign language (VGT) and South African sign language (SASL)’, in Van Peteghem, Marleen, Lauwers, Peter, Tobback, Els, Demol, Annemie, and de Wilde, Laurence (eds.), Le Verbe en verve: Réflexions sur la syntaxe et la sémantique verbales. Ghent: Academia Press, pp. 401–20.Google Scholar
Vermeerbergen, Myriam, van Herreweghe, Mieke, Akach, Philemon and Matabane, Emily (2007). ‘Constituent order in Flemish Sign Language (VGT) and South African Sign Language (SASL)’, Sign Language and Linguistics 10(1): 2354.Google Scholar
Vinson, David, Thompson, Robin, Skinner, Robert, Fox, Neil and Vigliocco, Gabriella. (2010). ‘The hands and mouth do not always slip together in British Sign Language: dissociating articulatory channels in the lexicon’, Psychological Science 21(8): 1158–67.Google Scholar
Wehrmeyer, Ella 2015. ‘Comprehension of television news sign language interpreters – a South African perspective’, Interpreting 17(2): 195225.Google Scholar
Wehrmeyer, Ella 2016. ‘An annotation system for signed language interpreting corpora’, Hermeneus 17: 279318.Google Scholar
Wehrmeyer, Ella (2019). ‘A corpus for signed language interpreting research’, Interpreting 21(1): 6290.Google Scholar
Wilbur, Ronnie (2015). ‘The point of agreement: changing how we think about sign language, gesture, and agreement’, in Rutkowski, Paveł (ed.), Signs and Structures: Formal Approaches to Sign Language Syntax. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 103–39.Google Scholar
Wilbur, Ronnie (2012). ‘Information structure’, in Pfau, Roland, Steinbach, Markus and Woll, Bencie (eds.), Sign Language: An International Handbook. HSK Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 462–89.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×