Index

doi:10.1017/9781009398152.021

Index

A’uwẽ (Xavante) people, 296

adoptive kinship relations with researchers, 270–278

affective field of, 264, 271, 275, 302

bureaucratic vulnerability and, 267

Genographic Project and, 261, 263, 265

knowledge production and, 262–263

Wedezé delimitation study and, 276–277

ableism, 149–150

Aboriginal Australians, 133

Aché people, 106

child capture from, 94–96, 100–102, 118, 290–291, 303

international controversy in ethnographic studies of, 116

ranchers’ attacks on, 95, 115

refusal to establish relations, 100–101, 107

salvage anthropology and, 93, 116, 118–119

Acosta, Jorge, 221

affective field, 271, 275, 278, 283

affective relations

of A’uwẽ with researchers, 270–281

colonial violence and, 34–35

erasure/subordination in response to, 34, 37–39, 49

ethical norms and, 57

between European and Latin American scientists, 52

food and, 43

as lens on colonial encounters, 33–34

Yale Peruvian Expedition and, 60

agency

A’uwẽ affective field and, 277–278, 302

damage narratives and, 5

deterministic displacement of, 112

human specimen collection and, 36

moral fields and, 10

of photographic subjects, 89

settler colonialism and, 25

Agostino (A’uwẽ Elder), 274

agriculture, 159

Akimel O’odham and, 192–193

De Castro on, 251

geography of abundance concept for, 251

monocrops and soil erosion, 242, 250–251

overpopulation and, 239

Ahearn, Laura, 277

Akimel O’odham people, 16, 182, 303

foodways of, 192–193

as human research subjects, 193–198

illegible to bioethics, 25, 177

Indian Appropriation Act and, 193

US Census groups and, 187

Alamán, Lucas, 226

Alamán, Miguel, 213, 222–223

Aldeia Etênhiritipá, see Etênhiritipá

Alvarado Leyton, Cristian, 274

American Indian Movement, 184, 202

American Political Science Association, 255

Americanism

human parts fascination in, 32, 35–36

Métraux and, 104

Rivet and, 104

salvage anthropology in, 33

Virchow and, 50

anachronistic space, 113

Andean man concept, 1

Anderson, Warwick, xi, 10, 21–22, 217, 263, 271

Angélica (A’uwẽ Elder), 274

anthropology, see also salvage anthropology, see also anthropometry

Americanism and, 32

bureaucratic vulnerability and, 270

colonial expansion and, 14–15

externalist frameworks for, 292

of French researchers in 1930s, 102–104

Moreno, 41

research regulation and, 263

structural, 190–191

territorial delimitation and, 276–277

Virchow and, 49–50

anthropometry

Americanism and, 32

captured children and, 110

Coello y Mesa and, 73

Damiana Kryygi and, 101

Indigenous refusal of, 58–59

local vs. transnational researchers of, 72–76

Moreno and, 42

Nelson and, 76–78

photographic practices of, 76–77

Virchow and, 31, 50–54

working with sources from, 63–64

Yale Peruvian Expedition and, 62, 79, 85, 87–88

anticolonialism, 239, see also decolonization, see also postcolonial theory

Antioch College, 179–180, 183, 199

antiracism

child removal and, 95, 97

damage narratives and, 119

Marie Yvonne adoption story and, 94–95

Rivet and, 103, 111

anti-scientism, 2, 27, 297

Aònikenk (Tehuelche) people

death practices of, 45, 47

human specimen collection and, 38

Moreno and, 32, 41, 44, 46–47, 56

salvage anthropology and, 56

Araújo, Francisco, 279

archives

alterity and, 6

limitations of, 2, 4, 60, 90, 292, 309

unsettling encounters with, 294

violence of, 60

Argentina

as anthropological study site, 33

conquest and massacre of Indigenous people of Pampas (1879), 40, 48

ethnological institutions of, 104

hybrid postcolonial relations in, 36–37, 56

Indigenous demographics in, 39

Institute of Ethnology at Tucumán and, 104

internal colonialism in, 36, 56

Rivet’s Paraguay mission and, 104

white national identity in, 40

Armillas, Pedro, 220

Arnáiz y Freg, Arturo, 214

artifact removal, see also skulls and human remains

French ethnographic missions and, 103

Gitxaała Nation and, 307–310

history of origins theory and, 32

Vellard’s Gran Chaco missions and, 106, 108

Yale Peruvian Expedition and, 72, 91

Arvin, Maile, 25, 123, 265, 293–294, 302

ASCOFAM (Associação Mundial de Luta Contra a Fome), 256

Asociación Pro-Indígena del Cusco (Pro-Indigenous Association of Cusco), 73

Asociación Universitaria student strike (Cusco, 1909), 71

assimilation, 48

Australia’s policies of, 98–100

Canada’s policies of, 98–99

Paraguay’s policies of, 95

racial uplift narratives and, 127

rehabilitation framing of, 132

settler ableism and, 149

Territory of Hawaiʻi and, 130

United States policies of, 187

Atomic Energy Commission, 194, 200

Atoms for Peace campaign, 188, 200

Australia

child removal from Indigenous families of, 131

Indigenous assimilation policies in, 95, 98–100

Porteus’s training in, 133–134

Aymara people, 114

Babcock, Marjorie, 137

Baeza Martos, Fernando, 225

Balanza family, 106–107, 109–110

Banco de México, 222–223, 233

barbarism, 39, 52, 186

Barbosa de Chardón, Gloria, 173

Barbosa Sidówi Wai’azase Xavante (A’uwẽ Elder), 274

Barker, Holly, 301

Barker, Joanne, 266

Barthes, Roland, 304

Bashford, Alison, 238–239

Beerbohm, Julius, 39

Belaieff, Juan, 105–106

Bell Adjustment Inventory, 171

Bell Street Special School, 133

Belmont Report (1978), 203

Benavente, Toribio de (Motolinía), 211–212, 219, 224, 227

Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt tests, 174

Benedict, Ruth, 96

Bennett, Peter, 197

Bennett, Sally, 197

Berger, John, 304

Bergland, Renee, 34

Berlin Anthropology Society (Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte, BGAEU), 49–50

Berlin Ethnological Museum, 50

Bertillon, Alphonse, 76, 78, 84

Beverley, James, 163

Binet Intelligence Scale, 167

Bingham, Hiram, 66

on Cusco region as wilderness, 64–67

expertise of expedition members and, 74–76

indigenista connections cultivated by, 71–72

labor conscription by, 68–70

polar exploration as model for, 74

racism of, 67–68, 89–90

research subject acquisition methods, 78–82

Rodríguez’s refusal of measurement and, 59–60

bioethics

blood samples and, 281–284

boundaries created by, 178–179

colonial logics of, 205–207, 293–294

imperialism and, 176

radionucleotide imaging and, 200–201

settler state presumptions of, 25, 178

transformative, 179

Tuskegee Syphilis Studies and, 202

vulnerability discourses in, 267

biological determinism, 95–96, 101–102, 190

birth control, 238, 240

Black Americans, 176, 202–203, 256

Black Civil Rights movement, 199, 202

Blackfeet Indian Reservation, 190, 197

Blackness, 16–17, 154, 159, 267

Board of Industrial Schools (Territory of Hawaiʻi), 137, 142

Boas, Franz, 37, 55, 94, 159, 162, 165

Bolivia and Chaco War, 105

bones, see skulls and human remains

Borlaug, Norman, 245

Bortolini, Maria Cátira, 261, 282–283

Brazil

bureaucratic vulnerability and, 266–267

Genographic Project and, 262

internal colonialism in, 262, 266, 268

research regulation in, 26, 263–264, 267–270, 282, 296

Brazilian Workers’ Party (PTB), 256

Briggs, Laura, 130

Brown vs. Board of Education, 97

Brugger, Frances, 146

Buck, Pearl S., 255

Buckley, Eve E., 26, 213, 237, 295–296, 301

Burch, Susan, 123–124, 134

Burch, Thomas, 197

Bureau of Indian Affairs, 180, 185

bureaucratic vulnerability, 264–267, 296

Butte, George, 166

Campos del Toro, Enrique, 168

Campt, Tina, 305

Canada

Indigenous assimilation policies in, 95, 98–99

removal of Native American and First Nations children, 131

Candiani, Vera, 309

Cañizares-Esguerra, Jorge, 12

Canton Asylum, 134

capitalism, 63

imperial knowledge production and, 75

indigenismo and, 132

resource scarcity and, 242

Territory of Hawaiʻi training schools and, 143

care

of A’uwẽ for outside researchers, 280

child removal framed as, 132

looking away and, 304–305

pathologizing Native Hawaiian customs of, 125, 134–135, 145, 147–149

racial uplift and, 124

scientific racism upholding, 139–141

settler ableism and, 149

settler colonial contexts for, 134–135, 146

Territory of Hawaiʻi training school costs and, 132–133, 146

transinstitutionalization and, 142–143

Carmona, Enrique, 168

Caron, Alfred, 98

Carraghan, Gilbert Joseph, 224–225

carrying capacity, 237, 241, 243

Casa del Estudiante Indígena (Mexico City), 131

Casasnovas, María, 154

Caso, Alfonso, 221, 228, 231

Casper, Stephen T., 1, 287, 300–301

Castro, Fidel, 257

Castro, Josué de, see De Castro, Josué

Castro, Rosana, 267

Catholicism, 98

Celeste Marín, Rosa, 173

Center for Social Research at UPR-RP, 163

center–periphery model, 13–14

Centro Científico del Cusco (Cusco Scientific Center), 65

Chaco War (1932–1935), 105–106

Chandrasekhar, Sripati, 239

Charité hospital (Berlin), 102

Chaves, Nelson, 250

Chávez Orozco, Luis, 222, 225

Chervin, Arthur, 74

child capture and removal

Aché ethnographic studies and, 95–96, 100–102, 108–111, 290–291

children as research objects, 96, 100–101

delinquency discourses and, 136–137

economy of, 95, 101, 109

Indigenous assimilation policies and, 98–100

intelligence testing and, 139–140

Mbywangi and, 117

Native American boarding schools and, 185

salvage anthropology and, 118–119

science of children and, 96–100

Territory of Hawaiʻi training schools and, 130–131, 135–137, 145, 150

transinstitutionalization and, 123–124, 152

CID (Centro Internacional para o Desenvolvimento), 256–258

citizenship, 195

bioethics’ expectations of, 178, 206

rehabilitation and, 169

settler science and negotiation of, 195

Classification and Treatment Board, see Oso Blanco

Clastres, Helene, 115

Clastres, Pierre, 115–116, 119

Cleveland, Grover, 128

climate change, 258–259

Club of Rome, 258

coca leaf consumption, 1, 76, 83

Coello y Mesa, José, 73, 91

Coimbra, Carlos, 271–277

Cold War, 213, 225, 230, 239–241, 258

Columbia University, 154, 162–163, 166, 201

Comissão Nacional de Política Agraria (National Commission for Agrarian Reform), 249

Commoner, Barry, 244

communism, 241, 256, see also Cold War

Comunidad de Historia Mapuche (Mapuche History Community), 5

Conklin, Alice, 103

Connelly, Matthew, 238, 240

Conquest of the Desert (Argentinian military campaign, 1879), 40, 48

Conselho de Fiscalização das Expedições Artísticas e Científicas (Council for Control of Artistic and Scientific Expeditions), 268–269

Conselho Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (CONEP, National Council for Research Ethics), 265, 282

consent

to genetic sampling, 267, 283

to human subject research, 184–185, 203

Conservation Foundation, 245

contact zones, 22

contraception, 256–257

Cook, Cecil, 99

Copernican Revolution, 16

Coronado, Jorge, 72, 82

Coronel, Manuel, 44

Cortés, Hernán, 212, 219, 225–227

Cosío Medina, José Gabriel, 72, 75

Cowling, Jessica, 149

Cox Hall, Amy, 63, 67

craniology, see anthropometry

creole nationalism, 73, 161

knowledge production and, 165, 174

Oso Blanco rehabilitations and, 155, 170, 173

Puerto Rican racial fusion and, 155

Cuauhtémoc’s bones controversy, 26, 295

discovery of remains, 211–213

excavation and investigation, 217–224

gender in, 214–215, 217

Indigeneity and, 224

local and oral histories in, 218–219, 224–225, 234

Native persistence and, 217, 236

Spanish colonial legacy and, 214–215, 225–229

transnational context, 213, 217

United States scientific authority and, 228–229

Cuban Missile Crisis, 184

cultural assimilation, see assimilation

Cusco and Cusqueño society

economics and development of, 64–66

Genographic Project and, 92

local anthropometric research in, 72–73

peasant and Indigenous resistance in, 66–67

traditionalists vs. indigenistas in, 71

Yale Peruvian Expedition and, 64–67, 69–72, 84, 90

Cusicanqui, Silvia Rivera, 8, 19, 297, 300

Dakar to Djibouti mission, 105

damage narratives, 37, 63

antiracism and, 119

Indigenous desire and, 127

moving away from, 302

otherness and, xiii

vulnerability and, 267

Damiana Kryygi, 101–102

Dávalos, Eusebio, 222, 226, 229

Davis, Kingsley, 244, 254

Dawes Severalty Act (1887), 187

Daws, Gavan, 129

Dawson, Alexander, 131–132

de Castro, Josué, 26, 295–296, 301

“Living Conditions of the Working Class in Recife: An Economic Study of Their Diet”, 247–248

affective relations with impoverished/hungry people, 237, 246–248, 253, 260

career, 247–249, 256–258

establishing global networks for development action, 237–238, 256–258

on overpopulation arguments, 239

photo of, 247

race and gender in works of, 253–254

The Geography of Hunger, 237, 250–256

de la Cadena, Marisol, 60–61

de Souza Lima, Antonio Carlos, 268

death and death practices, 44–45

Debray, Elizabeth Burgos, 216

decolonization, 5, 8, 19–20, 294, 296, 300

Indigenous collaboration and, 19–24, 62–63

Million on, 301

moral thinking of past research subjects, 61

Puerto Rican corrections and, 156–157, 174

reparative, 22

dehumanization

creole nationalist science vs., 155, 159, 163–164, 173

ethical norms vs., 57

population control and, 237–238

racial science and, 11

skull and human specimen collection, 37–38, 45–47, 52–55

DeJong, David H., 192

Delgado Zamalloa, Humberto, 74

delinquency and delinquency discourses

child removal and, 136–137, 149

of Cusqueño society, on Indigenous peoples, 74

intelligence testing and, 138

labor as remedy for, 139, 143

pathologizing Native forms of care, 151

population control and, 242–243

in Puerto Rican corrections, 168

Territorial definition of, 136

transinstitutionalization and, 135

Delrio, Walter, 57

demography, see also population control

in Cold War era, 239–241

population control and, 237–238

transition theory, 241

Dent, Rosanna, 26, 61, 213, 215, 261, 295–296, 302

desire, 92

A’uwẽ and, 267

photographic subjects’ articulation of, 86–90

of Territory of Hawaiʻi school students, 127

diabetes, 197, 273

Díaz del Castillo, Bernal, 219

disappearing and disappearance narratives, see also salvage anthropology

Lorena and, 73

Moreno and, 47–49

Rivet and, 93

Yale Peruvian Expedition and, 68, 73

DNA analysis, see genetics and DNA sampling

Dole, Sanford B., 129

Duque, Carlos, 70, 82–83

Easter Island (Rapa Nui) mission, 105

ecology

climate change and, 258–259

consumption and, 244

hunger and, 250

population control and, 240–242, 245, 250, 258

territorial delimitation and, 276

economics and development

child removal and, 96

Cusco region and, 64–66

externalist frameworks for, 292

hunger as product of, 250–251

International Center for Development (CID) and, 257

population control and, 238–239, 246

primitivism and, 14

Ehrlich, Paul, 238, 244–245, 257

encounters as methodological premise

challenges of, 27–28

features of, 3–4

Gitxaała house pole repatriation and, 307

Greenblatt on, 34

listening and, 297

moral field framework and, 61, 289

Epstein, Stephen, 198

Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP, National School of Public Health), 272

Espinosa, Mariola, 12

Etênhiritipá, 261–262, 264, 270, 279, 281, 283

ethnographic refusal, 24

ethnography

as instrument of resistance, 175

Puerto Rican corrections and, 157–158

refusal and, xii, 216–217

rehabilitation and, 160, 170

eugenics, 97–98

feeblemindedness discourses and, 143, 148–149

Lévi-Strauss’s structural anthropology vs., 190

population control and, 238–239

United States carceral system and, 165

expedition science, 289–291, see also Yale Peruvian Expedition, see also skulls and human remains, see also artifact removal

families, 144–145

delinquency discourses on, 136–137

immorality discourses on, 141

pathologizing Native cultures of, 134–135, 140, 148–149, 151

population control and, 240

family planning, 238, 240

Fanon, Frantz, 13, 23

feeblemindedness discourses, 135

pathologizing Native forms of care, 151

Porteus and, 133–134, 137–139

in Puerto Rican corrections, 168–169

transinstitutionalization and, 125

of Waimano Home, 124, 135, 137, 146–150

felt theory, 299, 301

Ferguson, Sandy Calloway, 199

Fernández Mouján, Alejandro, 102

Ferris, H. B., 61, 73, 76

fertilizers and food production technology, 251

Field, Edith, 144–145

Flowers, Nancy, 271

food and foodways, 43, 192–193, 238, 252–253, see also hunger

Forbes, David, 74

Ford Foundation, 241

Fortunata (Aché girl), 110

Foucault, Michel, 8, 292

Freud, Sigmund, 38

Freyre, Gilberto, 254

Frič, Alberto, 55

Fuentes, Marisa, 60

Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI, National Indian Foundation), 269–270, 275–276

Gajdusek, Carleton, 115–116

García Salamán, Salvador, 172

García, Alán, 91

García, Marcial Hernández (Yombe), 153–156

García, María Elena, 299

gender

in Cuauhtémoc controversy, 214–215, 217, 230–232, 234

feeblemindedness discourses and, 139

Territory of Hawaiʻi training schools and, 142–143

in works of De Castro, 254

genetics and DNA sampling, 63, 281

autoimmune disorders and, 197

bureaucratic vulnerability and, 264

consent to, 27

environmental approach to, 97–98

Gajdusek’s Paraguayan study and, 115–116

logics of possession in, 283

research regulation and, 263, 267, 270, 282–284

Genniken people, 32, 41, 56

genocide, 57, 116

Genographic Project, 261, 263–264, 278–283

A’uwẽ affective field and, 278–281

logics of possession and, 266

Q’eros people and, 91–92

research regulation and, 263, 265, 282–284

geography of abundance, 251

ghosts and haunting, 34, 302–304, 309

Giesecke, Albert, 71–72

Gillingham, Paul, 211–212, 214–215, 220, 226, 234

Gilmore, Ruth Wilson, 126

Gil-Riaño, Sebastián, 14, 24, 93, 290–291, 305

Girls’ Industrial School, see Kawailoa Training School for Girls

Gitxaała Nation totem pole repatriation, 307–310

Goddard, Henry, 133

Goldstein, Jan, 10

Gómez Robleda, José, 224–225, 228–229, 233

Goodenough Draw-a-Person test, 167, 174

Gran Chaco region

Métraux’s expeditions to, 104

Vellard’s expeditions to, 105–106

Gran Comisión on Cuauhtémoc controversy, 223

claims on scientific truth, 230, 233–234

creation of, 223

gendered rhetoric of, 214–215

investigative priorities of, 223–224

local and oral histories dismissed by, 213, 224–225, 234

Grant, Madison, 245

Green Revolution, 246

Greenblatt, Stephen, 34

Grupioni, Luís, 268

Gual Vidal, Manuel, 223

Gual, Isidora, 158

Guarani people, 100–101

Guatemala, US syphilis experiments in, 178–179

Guayaki Indians, see Aché people

Gutiérrez-Noriega, Carlos, 1–2

Guzmán, Eulalia, 295

affective relations with Ixcateopenses, 224, 235

appointment of, 212

authenticity of Cuauhtémoc remains and, 217–218, 220–221, 233, 235

Cortés’s legacy and, 212, 226–227

on Cuauhtémoc remains’ authenticity, 212–215

discovery of Cuauhtémoc’s remains, 212

indófila label applied to, 213

left-wing politics of, 225

local and oral histories and, 215, 218–220, 224–225, 231, 233

US scientific authority and, 228–229

as woman and intellectual, 214–215, 231–235

Guzmán, Tracy Devine, 266, 270

Hagenbeck, Carl, 31

Hale, Piers, 251

hānai (Native Hawaiian adoption practice), 134

Hanapēpē Massacre (1924), 138

Haraway, Donna, 91

Hardin, Garrett, 244

Hardy, Osgood, 84

Hatun Q’eros, 91–92, 278

haunting and ghosts, 34, 302–304, 309

Hawaiʻi Youth Correctional Facility, 150

Hawaiian Kingdom, 123, 125, 128, see also Territory of Hawaiʻi

Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, 138

Hay, Clarence, 67, 69

Heaney, Christopher, 66, 69

Hecht, Gabrielle, 194

Hernández Alamo, Antonio, 171–172

Hill, Kim, 116

History of the Human Sciences (journal), 287–288

Hitte, Charles de la, 101

Holmberg, Eduardo, 41

Holmer, Esther Roberts, 139–140

Home Rule party (Territory of Hawaiʻi), 129

Horton, Benjamin, 167

Hrdlička, Aleš, 74

Huadquiña Hacienda, 58, 65, 67, 70, 78, 83, 90

Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP), 278

human sciences, see also knowledge production, see also scientists

discipline formation in, 292

encounters as methodological premise of, 3–4

externalism as internalism in, 291–294

intellectual allure of, 289

objectifying logic of, 2

reframing history of, 2, 8–12, see also specific fields and disciplines

as technologies of domination, 12–14, 16–18, 297–298

universalist claims of, 288

Humboldt, Alexander von, 51, 75

hunger

as contributor to population growth, 252–253

as economic and political issue, 237, 239, 249–250, 258

malnutrition vs., 248

as overpopulation issue, 239, 250

Hunt, George, 3–4

Hurtado, Ana Magdalena, 116

Huxley, Julian, 246

Illescas Frisbee, Rafael, 224

Imada, Adria, 20, 62–63

immorality discourses, 135

of Kawailoa Training School for Girls, 135

Native internalization of, 124

pathologizing Native forms of care, 151

population control and, 243, 255

in Puerto Rican corrections, 168

immunology and immunological determinism, 110–112, 244

imperial, 75

imperialism, 159

anachronistic space trope of, 113

birth control promotion and, 240

Black Civil Rights movement and, 199

geographic constraints of, 7

human sciences as technology of, 12–14, 16

population control and, 239–241

in The Geography of Hunger, 254

US scholarship of early twentieth century and, 162

INAH, see Instituto Nacional de Historia e Antropología (INAH, National Institute of History and Anthropology)

Incan empire, 63, 67

incarceration and incarcerated people, 169–170, 293

creole nationalist science and, 161

humanization of, 155, 173–174

NIH testing of, 183

psychometric testing and, 164–165, 167–169

reform logics of, 154, 166

transinstitutionalization and, 124

US medical testing on, 160, 178–179

India in overpopulation debates, 244, 253

Indian Apportionment Act (1871, US), 187

Indian Appropriation Act (1859, US), 193

Indians of All Tribes (activist group), 201

Indigeneity, 18, 20, 127, 159

Cuauhtémoc controversy and, 224

cultural difference and, 266

Mestizo identity and, 227–228

populism and, 225

indigenismo, 5, 71–72

Indigenous Studies, 8–9

damage narratives and, 5, 127–128

decentering North Atlantic histories, 11–12

felt analysis and, 306

frameworks of, 5

human subject/nonhuman object distinction and, 3, 303–304

moral field framework and, 61–62

postcolonial and decolonial histories and, 19–24

solidarity in, 302

violence of racial studies, 11

individualism and individual rights

bioethics and, 176, 206

Black Civil Rights movement and, 199

infant mortality, 240, 244

informed consent, 184–185, 203

Institut d’Ethnologie (University of Paris), 103

Institute of Ethnology (University of Tucumán), 104

Instituto Nacional de Historia e Antropología (INAH, National Institute of History and Anthropology), 220, 222–223, 228, 230–231, 233

commissioning of, 211

Cortés exhumation and, 226

Guzmán’s Cortés project and, 226

Instituto Riva Agüero, 114

Insular Penitentiary at Río Piedras, see Oso Blanco

intelligence quotient (IQ), 166, 170

intelligence testing, 97, see also psychometry

at Kawailoa Training School for Girls, 145–146

in Puerto Rican carceral system, 164–165, 175

language bias in, 166

Porteus and, 133–134, 138–139

Puerto Rican development of, 166–167

transinstitutionalization and, 124

at Waialeʻe Industrial School for Boys, 139–140

at Waimano Home, 148

internal colonialism, 17, 55, 90

in Argentina, 36, 56

in Brazil, 262, 268

in Peru, 62

in Puerto Rico, 155

International Congress of Americanists (ICA), 32, 104

International Planned Parenthood Federation, 240, 256–257

International Union for the Protection of Nature, 246

Ishida, Francis Tamotsu, 147

Ixcateopenses

discovery of Cuauhtémoc’s bones and, 211–213

excavation of Cuauhtémoc’s remains and, 220–221, 236

Indigenous nationalism of, 215

Mestizo identity and, 227

official commissions’ dismissal of, 213–215

refusal by, 217

Jesuit missions (reducciones), 95

Jiménez Moreno, Wigberto, 214, 227, 230–231

Johnson, Lyman, 214, 232–233

Johnson, Miranda, 21

Jones, David, 111

Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 287–288

Juárez, Florencio, 218, 220, 234

Jurandir Siridiwê Xavante (A’uwẽ Elder), 279–280

Karp, Eliane, 91

Kate, Herman Ten, 101

Kauanui, J. Kēhaulani, 127

Kawailoa Training School for Girls

care rhetoric of, 124

feeblemindedness discourses, 143

immorality discourses of, 135, 141–146

legacy of, 152

resistance within, 143–145

as site for Hawaiʻi Youth Correctional Facility, 150

Wu’s sentencing to, 123–124

Kawānanakoa, Abigail Campbell (princess), 123–124

Keme, Emil’, 299

Kennedy, Robert, 257

Keynes, John Maynard, 244

Klineberg, Otto, 96–97

knowledge production

A’uwẽ regulation of, 262–263

affective relations and, 263

archives exceeded by, 60, 90

blended science of Puerto Rico and, 155, 158–159, 165

bureaucratic vulnerability and, 265

colonial dynamics in, 3, 13

creole nationalism and, 156, 165, 174

decolonization and, 300

equity and, 175

Genographic Project and, 91

logics of possession and, 266

rehabilitation preceded by, 161–165, 169

scholarly representation and, 300

territorial delimitation and, 277

transinstitutionalization and, 124, 127–128, 132, 135, 151

Yale Peruvian Expedition and, 75

Kodak, 75–76

Korn, Alejandro, 101

Kowal, Emma, 21–23, 281

Krenak, Ailton, 265

Krieken, Robert Van, 100

Krmpotich, Cara, 35–36

Kryygi, Damiana, 101–102, 109, 112, 118

labor of Indigenous people

Territorial sugar plantations and, 130

Territory of Hawaiʻi training schools and, 130, 136, 138–139, 143

Yale Peruvian Expedition and, 66, 68–70

Lane, Kris, 87

Larota, Mariano, 89

Latin America

agrarian reform in, 239

pink tide in, 116

questioning category of, 239, 299, see also specific nations

settler colonial theory on, 17–18

Latin American Studies, 5–6, 17–18

Leguía, Augusto B., 66, 71

Lehmann-Nitsche, Robert, 101

Leopold, Aldo, 245

Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 190–191

Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien, 103

Leyva Mancilla, Baltasar, 211, 213

liberalism, 159, 297

assimilation policies and, 95, 97

children’s escape from primitivism in, 113

Virchow and, 31, 37

Liliʻuokalani (queen), 128

Linstrum, Erik, 174

logics of possession, 264–266, 268, 283, 296

Lombardo Toledano, Vicente, 225

Lonetree, Amy, 36

López Lenci, Yazmín, 71–72

Lorena, Antonio, 73, 91

Loveland, Frank, 164

Lozano, Pedro, 100–101

Lugo, Fernando, 117–118

Luis (captured Aché boy), 108–111

Machu Picchu, 58, 61, 65–67, 70, 78, 90–91

MacQuarrie test, 171

Maká tribe, 106

Mallon, Florencia, 217

malnutrition, 248

Malthusian and neo-Malthusian theories, 245, 250, 252, 255, 258, 295

Mandler, Peter, 97

Mann, Charles, 245

Mapuche people, 39–41, 56

Marie-Yvonne

ethnological fieldwork by, 114

mBwiha guides’ capture of, 108

Mbywangi compared to, 118

redemptive framing of adoption of, 93–96, 111–114

Vellard’s adoption of, 109

Vellard’s study of, 110–111

Marilda (A’uwẽ Elder), 274

Markham, Clements, 75

Marquina, Ignacio, 220–222

marriage, 142–143

Martínez, Liborio, 233

Mason, John Alden, 159, 162, 165

Matthews, Carolyn, 25, 177, 199, 294, 303

account of work experience, 203–205

ethical awakening of, 177–178, 201

legibility of Akimel O’odham people and, 205

modern bioethics articulated through, 178, 205–206

photos of, 181, 189

as research subject, 177, 179–190, 203

as research technician for radionucleotide imaging, 198–201, 203–204

as research technician to Akimel O’odham people, 190–198, 204–205

Matthews, Roger Burmont, 181

Maunawili School for Girls, see Kawailoa Training School for Girls

Mauss, Marcel, 103

Maymí Nevares, José R., 153

Maza, Francisco de la, 226

Mbembe, Achille, 22

mBwiha guides, 107–108

McCallum, Pearl, 143

McKinley, William, 128

Mclintock, Anne, 113

McMaster University’s Health Sciences Library, 305

Mead, Margaret, 96–97

Menchú, Rigoberta, 216

Merchant, Emily, 238

Mestizo identity

Cuauhtémoc controversy and, 213, 230–232, 234

in Cusco, 60

Nelson and, 83

Quijano on, 15

Métraux, Alfred, 103–104, 112, 115, 119

“An Indian Girl with a Lesson for Humanity”, 112–113

Mexican-American War (1846-1848), 192, 225, 228

Mexico

Akimel O’odham land and, 192

boarding schools for Indigenous peoples in, 131–132

constitutional reform in, 231

gender and, 231–232

nationalism and, 213–214, 217, 229

Vogt on population growth in, 245

Mignolo, Walter, 16, 300

Milbank Memorial Foundation, 241

Miller, Elizabeth, 140–141

Million, Dian, 299, 301, 306

modernization, 165

population control and, 240, 246, 258

Puerto Rican social science and, 175

modest witnesses, 93, 118

Monge, Carlos, 1

Montagu, Ashley, 96

moral field framework, 61

moral fields, 10, 61, 90

child capture and, 95, 118–119

ethnographic practitioner’s self-praise in, 93–95

Goldstein on, 10

imperial possession of, 24

limitations of, 34

racist views in, 139

refusal and, 56

Moreno Fraginals, Manuel, 225

Moreno, Francisco Pascasio

affective relations and, 37–39, 49

Americanism and, 32

background and ambitions, 40–41

dehumanization/disappearance of Indigenous people and, 45–49, 55–57

Indigenous death practices and, 44–45

reciprocity and, 43–44, 56

Virchow’s relationship with, 54

Moreton-Robinson, Aileen, 265–266

Morgan, Lewis Henry, 186

Morrow, Dwight, 229

Motolinía (Benavente, Toribio de), 211–212, 219, 224, 227

Movement for a New Society, 202

multiculturalism, 300

Muñoz Marín, Luis, 156, 160

Murphy, Michelle, 23, 259

Murphy, Robert Cushman, 245

Musée de l’Homme, 103, 105

Museo de la Plata, 41–42, 101

Nahuel Hapi (national park of Argentina), 41

National Commission for Agrarian Reform (Comissão Nacional de Política Agraria), 249

National Geographic Society, 75, 91–92

National Research Act (1974), 176, 202–203

nationalism, 26, 215, see also creole nationalism

human specimen collection and, 49, 56

Indigenous past and, 63

research regulation and, 268–269

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA, 1990), 310

Native Americans, 131

commodifying authenticity of, 180

Indian Health Service and, 180–183

National Institutes of Health and, 184–185

red categorization of, 180, 185–186see also specific peoples

US policy defining scientific reality of, 198

Native Hawaiians, 140

annexation of Hawaiʻi and, 128–130

government training schools and, 130, 136, 147

immorality discourses on, 141

juvenile detention facility population of, 123

marriage institutions and, 142–143

pathologizing care customs of, 149

Porteus on brutality of, 132–133

racial uplift vs. dispossession of, 124, 134

resistance to institutionalization, 128, 130–131, 150–151

nativist movement (United States), 38

Natural History Museum (Argentina), 31

Neale, Timothy, 21–23

Neel, James V., 262, 272

Nehru, Pandit, 257

Nelson, Luther T., 59–60, 62, 70, 73, 76, 82

anthropometric photos by, 79, 85–86, 88

expertise and photographic practices of, 75–78

local precedents for research of, 72–73

research subject acquisition and, 78–84

Rodríguez’s refusal of measurement and, 58–60

on trauma of subjects, 82

neo-Malthusian and Malthusian theories, 245, 250–252, 255, 258, 295

Neville, A. O., 99–100

New England Fish Company, 308

New York Academy of Sciences, 159

Newlands Resolution (1898), 128

NIH, see US National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Nixon, Richard, 256–257

Normal Volunteer Patient Program, 177, 183

Notestein, Frank, 241, 259

nuclear weapons testing, 188, 194

O’Brien, William, 190, 197–198

Oʻahu Prison, 124, 136

Ocasio Soler, Santiago, 168

Odum, Eugene, 242

Oliveira, Ismarth de Araújo, 269

Oppenheimer, Robert, 258

Orbigny, Alcide d’, 74

Orientalism, xiii

Ortega, Julio, 304

Ortiz Díaz, Alberto, 25, 153, 293–294

Ortiz Gutiérrez, Adolfo, 172

Ortíz, Nasario, 59

Ortner, Sherry, 277

Osborn, Fairfield, 245, 250

Oso Blanco

creole nationalist science of, 155

founding and transinstitutional context, 160, 163

interdisciplinary Classification and Treatment Board, 153

photo of, 161

psychometric testing and, 164, 167–169

Yombe interview in, 153–154

Other and otherness

damage narratives and, xiii

human specimen collection and, 55

relationality in study of, 294–295

uncanny emotions and, 38

Otis Mental Ability test, 170, 172

overpopulation, 244–245, see also population control

climate change debates compared to, 258–260

de Castro on, 253

Ehrlich on, 244

as imperialist myth, 240–241

rejecting discourses of, 26, 239

Vogt on, 242–244

Padilla, Tanalís, 131

Paisley, Fiona, 99

Paláu de López, Awilda, 173

Pampas Indians, 39–40, 52, 55, see also Conquest of the Desert (Argentinian military campaign, 1879)

Pan-American Scientific Congress (Santiago, Chile 1908), 73

Pan-American Union, 245–246

Paraguay, 104

Chaco War and, 105

ethnological institutions of, 104

Indigenous assimilation policies in, 95

participant-observers, 290

Partido Popular (Mexico), 225

Partido Popular Democrático (PPD, Puerto Rico), 156, 160, 164–165, 169

Patagonia

as anthropological study site, 32–33

Indigenous demographics of, 40

Moreno’s expeditions to, 31–32, 42–44

tropes characterizing, 39–40

Patterson, Orlando, 27

Paul VI (pope), 257

Peabody Museum (Harvard University), 307, 310

Peary, Robert E., 74

Pereira, Jesus Manuel, 114–115

Pérez Martínez, Héctor, 230

Perón, Juan, 257

Peru

internal colonialism and, 2, 62–63, 71

repatriation of Yale Expedition artifacts to, 91–92

Santa Ana railroad construction and, 66

photography and photographic subjects

as haunted, 304–305

looking away from and listening to, 304–306

working with sources from, 64

Yale Peruvian Expedition and, 76–90

Picart, Juan B.

Blackness notions destabilized by, 154–155, 169

knowledge production and, 163, 175

psychometric testing and, 168–169, 172–173

Yombe interview by, 153–156

Pima Indians, see Akimel O’odham people

Pimentel Barbosa, see Terra Indígena Pimentel Barbosa

Pinard, Adolphe, 98

Piñero, Jesús, 168

pink tide (leftist electoral victories), 116

Pintner tests of Non-Verbal Abilities, 165

Pius XII (pope), 257

Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 246

Point Four program of foreign aid, 243, 246

political anthropology, 115

Poole, Deborah, 82

population control, see also overpopulation

carrying capacity and, 237

Cold War era debates over, 239–241

de Castro on, 251–252

ecology and, 240–241, 258

International Planned Parenthood Federation and, 256

Keynes on, 244

scholarly works on, 238

Vogt’s Road to Survival on need for, 241–246

Population Council, 241

Porteus Maze Test, 132–134, 138–139, 174

Porteus, Elizabeth Dole, 133

Porteus, Stanley, 132, 146

background and training, 133–134

delinquency discourses and, 139

policy influence of, 127, 132–134, 148, 151

Porteus Hall naming controversy and, 151, 294

racism of, 126, 137–139

Temperament and Race, 137, 151

transinstitutional practices and, 125, 127

on Waialeʻe Industrial School, 136, 141

Waimano Home intelligence testing by, 148

postcolonial theory, 4, 13, 292, 294

human specimen collection and, 55

Indigenous erasure and, 37

Indigenous Studies and, 19–24

Mbembe on, 22

Potchen, James, 200–201

poverty and global poor

population control and, 239, 244

white gaze and, 180

presentism, 8, 10

primitivism

child capture and, 113

child development and, 95, 115

Yale Peruvian Expedition and, 63

productive discomfort, 289, 301

progressivism

population control and, 238

racial uplift and, 124, 127

Territory of Hawaiʻi training schools and, 132

Psychological Clinic at the University of Hawaiʻi, 132

psychometry, 155

definition and terminology, 155

ethno-racial biases of, 175

of Puerto Rican social scientists, 156–157, 165–167

rehabilitation and, 167

Pts’aan (totem poles), 307–310

public health, 272

A’uwẽ people and, 263

research regulation and, 263

Public Health Service, 185, 193, 202

Puelche people, 39–40

puericulture, 98

Puerto Rico

asymmetrical relations with US, 154, 160, 162

blended science of, 157–161

commonwealth status of, 156

hunger in, 251

internal colonialism in, 155

population growth in, 240

psychometric testing and, 165–167

rehabilitative corrections in, 169–175

Q’eros people, 91–92, 278

queerness, 142–143

Quijano, Aníbal, 15–16, 18–19, 64, 297, 300

Quinchahuala (chief), 43

Quiroz Cuarón, Alfonso, 222–224, 226

racial science and racial classification

anthropometry and, 77

bioethics and, 206

bureaucratic vulnerability and, 267

carceral rehabilitation and, 175

child removal and, 95

children as research objects for, 96–97

coloniality of power and, 15

cultural and environmental approaches to, 96–100

disappearance narratives and, 73

DNA sampling and, 91–92

humanism vs., 52

indigenismo and, 71

intelligence testing and, 175

internal colonialism and, 71

psychometry and, 165, 172–173

red category in, 185–187

structural anthropology and, 190–191

US Census and, 187

racism, 71, 94

family planning and, 238

individual vs. structural, 125–128

intelligence testing and, 140

rehabilitation and social duty, 139

Radin, Joanna, 281

radionucleotide imaging, 199–201

Rama Rau, Dhanvanthi (Lady Rama Rau), 257

Rankulche people, 39–40

Reader’s Digest, 95, 112–114

Reardon, Jenny, 266, 281

Recife, Brazil, 232, 250, 253, 260

reciprocity, 34, 38, 306

carceral rehabilitation and, 170

human specimen collection vs., 55

Moreno and, 43–44, 56

Red Power movement, 199, 201

Ree, C., 302–303

refusal, xii, 216–217, 267, 277

regulation of research

A’uwẽ communities and, 26, 262–263

in Brazil, 26, 263–264, 267–270, 282, 296

genetics and DNA sampling, 263, 267, 270, 282–284

Genographic Project and, 263, 265, 282–284

knowledge production and, 269–270

limitations of, 263

logics of possession and, 266

nationalism and, 269

Tuskegee Syphilis Studies and, 203

rehabilitation, 293

creole appropriation of, 156, 169, 174–175

Oso Blanco and, 154, 163–164, 169–174

psychometric testing and, 167–173

recidivism and, 174

Río Piedras scientific corridor and, 160

Spanish vs. American, 160

Reich, David, 27

Rembis, Michael, 143

Rénique, José Luis, 65–66

reparative decolonizing, 22

Republic of Hawaiʻi, 125, 129–130

research families, 301

resource scarcity, 26, 239, 241–243, 248, 253, 259, 267, 295, see also hunger

Rice, Hamilton, 67

Rice, Mark, 65, 71

Río Piedras scientific corridor, 160–161

Rivera, Diego, 213, 226, 229–230

Rivet, Paul

antiracism and antifascism of, 94, 111, 119

French anthropology transformed by, 103, 105

humanitarian framing of Marie-Yvonne adoption story, 93–95, 112

Paraguay mission organized by, 103–105

science of children and, 96–97

on Vellard as modest witness, 93

Vellard’s offer of captured Aché boy to, 109

Robertson, Thomas, 238, 240

Rockefeller Foundation, 241

Rodríguez Castro, José, 158–159

Rodríguez Juárez, Salvador, 211, 215, 218–221, 234

Rodríguez López, Onofre, 170–171

Rodriguez, Julia E., 1, 24, 31, 61, 290–291, 297, 304

Rodríguez, Justo, 59, 63, 66, 78, 90

moral thinking and, 61

place of origin, 69

refusal of measurement, 58–61, 66, 68–70, 90

Romero, Javier, 222, 229, 232

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 184, 257

Rorschach, 174

Rorschach Inkblot test, 170

Rosemblatt, Karin Alejandra, 14, 26, 211, 295–296, 304

Ross, Dorothy, 9, 10

Rossellini, Roberto, 257

Rueda, Salvador, 214

Russell, Bertrand, 258

Said, Edward, xiii

Salesa, Damon, 128

salvage anthropology

of Bingham and Yale Peruvian Expedition, 68

of Boas and Masson, 162

child capture and, 118–119

defined, 33

human specimen collection and, 51

Marie-Yvonne and, 94, 114

modest witnesses of, 93

Moreno and, 37, 56

Vellard and, 93

violence of, 11

Salvation Army Girls’ Home, 123–124

Salvatore, Ricardo D., 13–14, 67–68, 70, 75

Salzano, Francisco, 262, 272, 282

Sánchez Alvarez, Pedro, 172

Sandoval, José, 279

Sanger, Margaret, 239, 246

sanitation policies GB, 249

Santos, Fabrício Rodrigues dos, 261–262, 270, 278–281

Sapir, Edward, 96

Saranillio, Dean, 130, 134, 138

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 257

Saunders, Allan, 294

scientific racism, 96, 99, 112, see also racial science and racial classification

individual vs. structural elements of, 126–128

racial uplift narratives of, 127

“red” racialization and, 186–187

scientists, 264, see also human sciences

affective relations of, 33–34

Argentinian conquest of Pampas region and, 40

child removal and, 95–96

colonial and imperial roles of, 11

competing moralities among, 215–216

decentering, 4, 6see also specific scientists

state authority and, 277

structural approach to, 125–128

subalterns’ claims on, 4

Sebag, Lucien, 115–116

Selk’nam (Ona) people, 39, 56

Sen, Amartya, 252

Serviço de Proteção aos Índios (SPI, Indian Protective Service), 268–269

settler colonialism, 18, 63, 127

ableist logics of, 149

academic reinvention of early twentieth century, 161–165

affective relations in, 33–34

Argentina and, 36

bioethics upholding, 205–207

creole nationalism vs., 165, 169

damage erased by aid discourses under, 141

disappearance narratives of, 73

expedition science and, 290

Indigenous assimilation policies and, 99

institutionalization of care under, 125

local settings and, 17, 155

logics of possession and, 266

racial uplift and, 124

removal of Indigenous children and, 95, 98–100

structural approach to, 125–128

transinstitutionalization as method of, 124, 135

transnational approach to, 7

Yale Peruvian Expedition and, 61

Sievers, Maurice, 193

Silva, Noenoe, 129, 294

Simpson, Audra, xii

Sing-Sing penitentiary (New York), 160

skulls and human remains

Coello y Mesa and, 73

Damiana Kryygi and, 102

dehumanization through, 37, 51–54, 308

disappearance narratives and, 73

Lorena and, 73

Moreno and collection of, 31–32, 36–39, 41–43, 45–47, 55

Museo de la Plata display, 41

spiritual materiality of, 35–36, 303–304

as uncanny objects, 35–39

Virchow and collection of, 49–52, 55

Slutzky, Daniel, 255

Smith, David Livingstone, 38

Smith, Fred W., 255

Smith, Linda Tuhiwai, 20

Decolonizing Methodologies, 62

social sciences, 155

Sociedad Arqueológica Cusqueña (Cusco Archeological Society), 73

Sociedad Geográfica de Lima (Geographical Society of Lima), 72

Société des Américanistes de Paris, 104

Solange (A’uwẽ Elder), 274

Soto Laveaga, Gabriela, 12, 195, 307

sovereignty, 27

Akimel O’odham people and, 193

American Indian Movement and, 184, 199, 202

bioethics and, 206–207

Gitxaała Nation and, 310

Indigenous Territory in Brazil and, 276–277

Red Power movement and, 199

research regulation and, 267

Spanish colonial legacy

Columbus voyage anniversary and, 3

Cuauhtémoc controversy and, 213, 215, 225–229

Puerto Rican sciences influenced by, 159–160, 165, 174

racial science and, 15

Spiegel, Gabrielle, 178

Stanford Achievement test, 166

Stanford Test of Ability, 166

Stanford-Binet intelligence test, 138–139

Stark, Laura, 25, 176, 293–294

state support for scientific expeditions, 32

sterilization campaigns, 139, 143, 242, 257

Stevenson, Lisa, 304–305

Steward, Julian, 163

Stoler, Ann Laura, 33

structural anthropology, 190–191

Stycos, J. Mayone, 240

sugar cultivation, 130, 251

Sugar Strike (Kauaʻi, 1924), 138

TallBear, Kim, 23, 91, 179, 266, 275, 284, 302

Taller de Historia Andina (Andean History Workshop), 5

Tehuelche people, 39

Tekojoja movement, 118

Tennessee Valley Authority, 252

Terra Indígena Pimentel Barbosa, 215, 262–263, 271, 283

Genographic Project in, 278–281

research relations in, 262–265, 271–278

territorial delimitation in, 275–277

Terra Indígena Wedezé, 262–263, 282

Territorial Department of Institutions, 124

Territorial Hospital for the Mentally Ill, 124

Territory of Hawaiʻi

funding for training schools in, 132–133

Home Rule and labor resistance in, 129–130

Porteus’s impact on policies of, 127, 132–133, 148, 151

Republic of Hawaiʻi’s transition to, 129

transinstitutional practices of, 124–125, 130–131, 135

testimonio genre, 216

Thant, U., 257

third world, 239

Tierney, Patrick, 116

Tito, Lucio, 82

Tohono O’odham (Papago), 192

Toledo, Alejandro, 91

Topinard, Paul, 41

totem poles (pts’aan), 307–310

tourism, 63, 180

transinstitutionalization

annexation of Hawaiʻi and, 128

defined, 123

intelligence testing and, 151–152

knowledge production and, 124, 135, 151

marriage and, 142

Oso Blanco and, 160

Trocadéro ethnographic museum, 103

Truman, Harry, 228, 243, 246, 257

Tsing, Anna, 259

Tsuptó Buprewên Wa’iri Xavante (A’uwẽ leader), 272–275

tuberculosis, 181, 185

Tuck, Eve, xiii, 8, 62–63, 84, 89, 128, 262, 267, 302–303

Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 176, 178, 202–203, 206

tutela and internal colonialism, 268

Umpierre, Gloria, 170–171

uncanny emotions, 34, 38, 57

UNESCO, 24, 97

campaign against scientific racism, 112

International Union for the Protection of Nature and, 246

Statement on Race (1950), 14, 112

UNESCO Courier, 95

“An Indian Girl with a Lesson for Humanity”, 112–113

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UN FAO), 249, 252, 256

United States, 18, 159, see also imperialism

Akimel O’odham land purchase by, 192

assimilation policies of, 187

Cuauhtémoc controversy and scientific authority of, 228–229

de Castro on underdevelopment in, 258

Native Americans racialized by, 185–187, 198

nuclear weapons programs of, 188, 194

Puerto Rican sciences influenced by, 159–160, 164–165, 174

removal of Native American and First Nations children, 131

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, 132, 148, 151

University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras (UPR-RP), 158–159, 162–163, 166–168, 173

uranium exposure, 194

US Census, 187

US Indian Health Service, 180–181

US National Institutes of Health (NIH), 25, 115, 176

human subject research and, 177, 179, 183, 188–190, 199, 202

Native Americans as research subjects of, 193–198

vaccines and vaccination, 111

Vargas, Getúlio, 248, 268

Vaughan, Alden T., 186

Vellard, Amèlie, 113

Vellard, Jehan Albert

Aché encounters of, 107–111

“Biological Causes of the Disappearance of American Indians”, 110–111

Gran Chaco mission of, 104–106

immunological determinism of, 110–111

local dependencies of, 106–107

Marie-Yvonne and, 93–94, 111

Rivet on, 93–94

science of children and, 96

Ventura Santos, Ricardo, 271–277

Verran, Helen, 61, 217

victim-centered narratives, see damage narratives

Vieira, Pedro Paulo, 278–282

Vineland Training School, 133

violence, 107

Aché ethnographic studies and, 107–109

anthropology and, 14–15

of anthropometric studies, 63

child capture and removal, 95–96, 100

of colonial archives, 60

dehumanization and, 38

human sciences perpetrating, 298

human specimen collection and, 36, 38, 54–56

of institutionalization, 125, 130–131

of Marie-Yvonne’s adoption, 95–96

of racial science, 11

Virchow, Hans, 102

Virchow, Rudolf

affective relations and, 38–39, 54

Americanism and, 32, 50

Crania ethnica americana, 54

craniology and, 35

dehumanization/disappearance of Indigenous people and, 55–57

liberalism of, 31, 37, 51–52, 54

live demonstration of Patagonians, 31, 53–54

Moreno’s relationship with, 32, 41, 50, 54

son of, 102

Vogt, William, 26, 301

career and population control advocacy, 245–246, 260

childhood and pessimism of, 245

de Castro on, 250–253, 260

death by suicide, 246

Ehrlich influenced by, 244–245

The Road to Survival, 237, 250

Waialeʻe Industrial School for Boys, 136

care rhetoric of, 124

delinquency discourses of, 124, 135–141

legacies of, 152

Waimano Home, 132, 139, 146

care rhetoric of, 124

feeblemindedness discourses of, 124, 135, 137, 146–150

as haunted place, 151

legacy of, 152

Wald, Priscilla, 38

Waltham Watch Company, 75

warã (men’s council meeting), 271–272

Warren, Adam, 1, 24, 58, 264, 278, 290–291, 297, 301–302

Wechsler Bellevue test, 172

Wechsler Intelligence Scale, 167

Wechsler-Bellevue test, 153, 168, 170

Wedezé delimitation study (2008), 276–277, see also Terra Indígena Wedezé

Welch, James, 275–276

Wells, H. G., 239–240

white supremacy, 25, 130

Wilg’oosk, 310

Williams, Ronald, Jr., 129–130

Winchester Repeating Arms Company, 75

Winter, Charles, 163

Wolfe, Patrick, 127, 266

Wolfe, Reese, 112–114

Wolff, Edith, 190

Wolff, Jan, 187–188, 190, 200

World Health Organization, 249

Wounded Knee massacre (1890), 202

Wu, Dorothy, 123–124, 141

Wuthenau, Alejandro von, 222

Wynter, Sylvia, 8, 13, 16, 18

Xavante, see A’uwẽ (Xavante) people

Yale Peruvian Expedition, 24, 46, 75

anthropometry and, 62

archival limitations and, 60

Bingham’s racial thinking and, 67–68

expertise of members of, 74–76

labor conscription by, 68–70

local intellectuals and, 70–76

repatriation of Macchu Picchu collection, 91

research subject acquisition and, 84–86

Rodríguez’s refusal of measurement and, 58–59, 90

salvage anthropology and, 68

settler colonial logic of, 61

Yang, K. Wayne, xiii, 63, 84, 89, 262, 267

Yombe (García, Marcial Hernández), 153–156

Zaballos, Ernesto, 41

Zavala, Silvio, 226–231

Zobel, Melissa Tantaquidgeon, 19

Zulawski, Ann, 2

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