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Chapter 9 - Emotional Anatomy

Facial Expressions and Botulinum Toxin

from Part IV - The Effects of Facial Movement Impairment of Emotion Communication

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2023

By
Haowei Han ,
Anita Gade ,
Francesca Ceci ,
Austin Dunn  and
Mark S. Nestor
Edited by
Ursula Hess ,
Reginald B. Adams, Jr.  and
Robert E. Kleck
Ursula Hess
Affiliation:
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Reginald B. Adams, Jr.
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Robert E. Kleck
Affiliation:
Dartmouth College, New Hampshire
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Summary

Emotion is vital part of our routine communication. The facial feedback hypothesis is the theory of how internal emotion is modulated by the external facial movements used to express it. Botulinum toxin injection is the most common aesthetic procedure in the United States. It has been studied extensively for its cosmetic use in wrinkle reduction, but its secondary psychological effects have only been elucidated gradually over the last two decades. Although neurotoxin is considered safe and effective, it may also potentially affect our facial expressions and communications. Similar to neurotoxin, another example that affects our social interactions is the facial mask, after the COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter, we hereby discuss how neurotoxin affects our emotions and nonverbal communications.

Keywords

NeurotoxinMajor Depressive DisorderCOVID-19Facial Feedback TheoryFacial Mimicry
Type
Chapter
Information
Emotion Communication by the Aging Face and Body
A Multidisciplinary View
 , pp. 217 - 240
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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