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69 - Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

from Part IV - Current Topics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2009

By
David M. Stier ,
Jennifer C. Hunter ,
Olivia Bruch  and
Karen A. Holbrook
Edited by
Rachel L. Chin
David M. Stier
Affiliation:
Medical Epidemiologist, Medical Director, Adult Immunization and Travel Clinic, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA
Jennifer C. Hunter
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA
Olivia Bruch
Affiliation:
Health Program Coordinator, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA
Karen A. Holbrook
Affiliation:
Medical Epidemiologist, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA
Rachel L. Chin
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) refer to a group of illnesses caused by several families of viruses, including:

  • Filoviridae (Ebola and Marburg viruses)

  • Arenaviridae (Lassa fever and New World hemorrhagic fever)

  • Bunyaviridae (Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo fever, and agents of “hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome” [HFRS])

  • Flaviviridae (yellow fever, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Kyasanur Forest disease, and dengue)

Many VHF viruses are virulent, and some are highly infectious (e.g., filoviruses and arenaviruses) with person-to-person transmission from direct contact with infected blood and bodily secretions. Effective therapies and prophylaxis are extremely limited for VHF; therefore, early detection and strict adherence to infection control measures are essential.

The Working Group for Civilian Biodefense considers some hemorrhagic fever (HF) viruses to pose a serious threat as potential biological weapons based on their risk of morbidity and mortality, feasibility of production, and their ability to cause infection through aerosol dissemination. These include Ebola, Marburg, Lassa fever, New World arenaviruses, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, and Kyasanur Forest disease. This chapter will focus only on these VHF viruses and will not include a discussion of dengue fever (see Chapter 54, Fever in the Returning Traveler), hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (see Chapter 70, Hantavirus), and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fevers.

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Emergency Management of Infectious Diseases , pp. 459 - 468
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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References

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  • Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
    • By David M. Stier, Medical Epidemiologist, Medical Director, Adult Immunization and Travel Clinic, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, Jennifer C. Hunter, Research Assistant, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, Olivia Bruch, Health Program Coordinator, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, Karen A. Holbrook, Medical Epidemiologist, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA
  • Edited by Rachel L. Chin, University of California, San Francisco
  • Book: Emergency Management of Infectious Diseases
  • Online publication: 15 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547454.070
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  • Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
    • By David M. Stier, Medical Epidemiologist, Medical Director, Adult Immunization and Travel Clinic, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, Jennifer C. Hunter, Research Assistant, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, Olivia Bruch, Health Program Coordinator, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, Karen A. Holbrook, Medical Epidemiologist, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA
  • Edited by Rachel L. Chin, University of California, San Francisco
  • Book: Emergency Management of Infectious Diseases
  • Online publication: 15 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547454.070
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
    • By David M. Stier, Medical Epidemiologist, Medical Director, Adult Immunization and Travel Clinic, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, Jennifer C. Hunter, Research Assistant, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, Olivia Bruch, Health Program Coordinator, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, Karen A. Holbrook, Medical Epidemiologist, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA
  • Edited by Rachel L. Chin, University of California, San Francisco
  • Book: Emergency Management of Infectious Diseases
  • Online publication: 15 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547454.070
Available formats
×