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4 - Data acquisition and pre-processing standards for electrical neuroimaging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2009

By
Christoph M. Michel  and
Daniel Brandeis
Edited by
Christoph M. Michel ,
Thomas Koenig ,
Daniel Brandeis ,
Lorena R. R. Gianotti  and
Jiří Wackermann
Christoph M. Michel
Affiliation:
Université de Genève
Thomas Koenig
Affiliation:
University Hospital of Psychiatry, Berne, Switzerland
Daniel Brandeis
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland and Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Grmany
Lorena R. R. Gianotti
Affiliation:
Universität Zürich
Jiří Wackermann
Affiliation:
Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Summary

Introduction

The raw data for electrical neuroimaging is the potential field recorded on the scalp using multichannel EEG systems. Unlike waveform analysis of EEG or evoked potential (EP), electrical neuroimaging is based on the spatial analysis of these potential maps. The quality of these maps determines the goodness of the subsequent analysis steps. It is therefore of crucial importance that these scalp potential fields are recorded and pre-processed in a correct manner. An important issue concerns the number and the distribution of the electrodes on the scalp to provide an adequate spatial sampling of the potential field. Another issue is the measurement of the exact position of each electrode and the spatial normalization of the potential fields when averaging over subjects. Artifact detection and elimination is also an important point, since noise crucially influences source analysis. On the other hand, some factors that pose important problems for the traditional waveform analysis are irrelevant for electric neuroimaging. Obviously the selection of the “correct montage” for EEG analysis, or the “correct electrode” for evoked potential analysis is not relevant when analyzing the potential field. However, most important is that the question of the correct reference is completely obsolete for electrical neuroimaging. This fact was unfortunately often ignored and the “reference-problem” has been considered as a major disadvantage of the EEG compared with the MEG.

Type
Chapter
Information
Electrical Neuroimaging , pp. 79 - 92
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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