Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Chapter One The integrative roles of plant secondary metabolites in natural systems
- Chapter Two Natural selection for anti-herbivore plant secondary metabolites
- Chapter Three Temporal changes in plant secondary metabolite production
- Chapter Four Mixtures of plant secondary metabolites
- Chapter Five The herbivore’s prescription
- Chapter Six Volatile isoprenoids and abiotic stresses
- Chapter Seven Atmospheric change, plant secondary metabolites and ecological interactions
- Chapter Eight The role of plant secondary metabolites in freshwater macrophyte–herbivore interactions
- Chapter Nine The soil microbial community and plant foliar defences against insects
- Chapter Ten Phytochemicals as mediators of aboveground–belowground interactions in plants
- Chapter Eleven Plant secondary metabolites and the interactions between plants and other organisms
- Chapter Twelve Integrating the effects of PSMs on vertebrate herbivores across spatial and temporal scales
- Chapter Thirteen Plant secondary metabolite polymorphisms and the extended chemical phenotype
- Chapter Fourteen From genes to ecosystems
- Chapter Fifteen Asking the ecosystem if herbivory-inducible plant volatiles (HIPVs) have defensive functions
- Chapter Sixteen Dynamics of plant secondary metabolites and consequences for food chains and community dynamics
- Index
- Plate Section
- References
Chapter Seven - Atmospheric change, plant secondary metabolites and ecological interactions
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2012
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Chapter One The integrative roles of plant secondary metabolites in natural systems
- Chapter Two Natural selection for anti-herbivore plant secondary metabolites
- Chapter Three Temporal changes in plant secondary metabolite production
- Chapter Four Mixtures of plant secondary metabolites
- Chapter Five The herbivore’s prescription
- Chapter Six Volatile isoprenoids and abiotic stresses
- Chapter Seven Atmospheric change, plant secondary metabolites and ecological interactions
- Chapter Eight The role of plant secondary metabolites in freshwater macrophyte–herbivore interactions
- Chapter Nine The soil microbial community and plant foliar defences against insects
- Chapter Ten Phytochemicals as mediators of aboveground–belowground interactions in plants
- Chapter Eleven Plant secondary metabolites and the interactions between plants and other organisms
- Chapter Twelve Integrating the effects of PSMs on vertebrate herbivores across spatial and temporal scales
- Chapter Thirteen Plant secondary metabolite polymorphisms and the extended chemical phenotype
- Chapter Fourteen From genes to ecosystems
- Chapter Fifteen Asking the ecosystem if herbivory-inducible plant volatiles (HIPVs) have defensive functions
- Chapter Sixteen Dynamics of plant secondary metabolites and consequences for food chains and community dynamics
- Index
- Plate Section
- References
Summary
Introduction
Fifty years ago, when Fraenkel (1959) first placed plant secondary metabolites into an ecological context, the myriad of anthropogenic forces that today influence ecosystem processes at a global scale were poorly recognised, if not altogether unknown. We now know that factors such as atmospheric change, climate warming, invasive species, terrestrial and aquatic eutrophication, and land use are having profound and extensive impacts on the Earth’s ecosystems. Less well appreciated, however, are the central roles played by PSMs in many of those processes.
Plant secondary metabolites respond to global environmental change; perpetuate, via interaction networks, the consequences of global change; and feed back to influence future global change (Lindroth, 2010). For example, the carbon cycle, which strongly influences climate, is itself influenced by the chemical matrices into which plants deposit carbon. Rates of photosynthesis are affected by atmospheric CO2 levels, and subsequent allocation of photosynthates to carbohydrate, cellulose, lignin and tannin pools influences long-term carbon sequestration.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Ecology of Plant Secondary MetabolitesFrom Genes to Global Processes, pp. 120 - 153Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2012
References
2000 Effects of CO2 and light on tree phytochemistry and insect performanceOikos 88 259CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004 Combined effects of elevated CO2 and herbivore damage on alfalfa and cottonJournal of Chemical Ecology 30 2309CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2005 CO2 and O3 effects on host plant preferences of the forest tent caterpillar ()Global Change Biology 11 588CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2005 Assessing the future global impacts of ozone on vegetationPlant, Cell and Environment 28 949CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2005 Growth and reproduction of the alpine grasshopper feeding on CO2-enriched dwarf shrubs at treelineOecologia 142 191CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2004 Aphid individual performance may not predict population responses to elevated CO2 or O3Global Change Biology 10 1414CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2002 Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivoresGlobal Change Biology 8 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998 Plant–insect herbivore interactions in elevated atmospheric CO2: quantitative analyses and guild effectsOikos 82 212CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1999 How general are aphid responses to elevated atmospheric CO2?Annals of the Entomological Society of America 92 724CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2000 Effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen fertilization on phenolic content in LBiochemical Systematics and Ecology 28 839CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2008 Global change effects on plant chemical defenses against insect herbivoresJournal of Integrative Plant Biology 50 1339CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2005 Elevated CO2 influences herbivory-induced defense responses of Oecologia 145 415CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2007 Emission of herbivore-induced volatile terpenoids from two hybrid aspen ( × ) clones under ambient and elevated ozone concentrations in the fieldGlobal Change Biology 13 2538CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1995 Decomposition and nitrogen release from leaves of three hardwood species grown under elevated O3 and/or CO2Plant and Soil 170 149CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2000 Influence of carbon dioxide enrichment, ozone and nitrogen fertilization on cotton ( L.) leaf and root compositionPlant, Cell and Environment 23 573CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001 Atmospheric carbon dioxide, irrigation, and fertilization effects on phenolic and nitrogen concentrations in loblolly pine () needlesTree Physiology 21 609CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1996 Catechin, proanthocyanidin and lignin contents of loblolly pine () needles after chronic exposure to ozoneNew Phytologist 132 483CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2005 Decomposition of soybean grown under elevated concentrations of CO2 and O3Global Change Biology 11 685CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1983 Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivoryOikos 40 357CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2008 Isoprene emission rates under elevated CO2 and O3 in two field-grown aspen clones differing in their sensitivity to O3New Phytologist 179 55CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2002 Intraspecific variability of phenolic concentrations and their responses to elevated CO2 in two Mediterranean perennial grassesEnvironmental and Experimental Botany 47 205CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1999 Effects of CO2 enrichment on trees and forests: lessons to be learned in view of future ecosystem studiesAnnals of Botany 84 577CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2005 Impact of elevated CO2 on tri-trophic interaction of , , and Environmental Entomology 34 37CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2002 Effects of elevated CO2 on foliar chemistry of saplings of nine species of tropical treeOecologia 133 62CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1999 Monoterpene emission from coniferous trees in response to elevated CO2 concentration and climate warmingGlobal Change Biology 5 255CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001 Effect of host plant ozone stress on Colorado potato beetlesEnvironmental Entomology 30 824CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998 Elevated CO2 affects field decomposition rate and palatability of tree leaf litter: importance of changes in substrate qualitySoil Biology and Biochemistry 36 1565CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2005 Palatability trials on hardwood leaf litter grown under elevated CO2: a stable carbon isotope studySoil Biology and Biochemistry 37 1105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2005 Leaf litter production and decomposition in a poplar short-rotation coppice exposed to free air CO2 enrichment (POPFACE)Global Change Biology 11 971CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1999 Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on insect–plant interactionsConservation Biology 13 700CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2002 Plant allocation to defensive compounds: interactions between elevated CO2 and nitrogen in transgenic cotton plantsJournal of Experimental Botany 53 323CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004 Effects of elevated CO2 on the vasculature and phenolic secondary metabolism of Phytochemistry 65 2197CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2001 Feeding rates of the woodlouse on herb litters produced at two levels of atmospheric CO2Oecologia 127 343CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2007 Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistryClimate Change 2007: The Physical Science BasisNew YorkCambridge University Press499Google Scholar
2010 http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/
2005 Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystemsFrontiers in Ecology and Environment 3 479CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1992 The effect of nutrients and enriched CO2 environments on production of carbon-based allelochemicals in : a test of the carbon/nutrient balance hypothesisAmerican Naturalist 140 707CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2006 Impact of high ozone on isoprene emission, photosynthesis and histology of developing leaves directly or indirectly exposed to the pollutantPhysiologia Plantarum 128 456CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2010 Volatile emissions and phenolic compound concentrations along a vertical profile of leaves exposed to realistic ozone concentrationsPhotosynthesis Research 104 61CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1996 Effects of damage to living plants on leaf litter qualityEcological Applications 6 269CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001 Forest litter production, chemistry, and decomposition following two years of free-air CO2 enrichmentEcology 82 470Google Scholar
2007 Metabolic changes in white clover clones exposed to ozoneEnvironmental and Experimental Botany 60 11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2008 Elevated ozone modifies the feeding behaviour of the common leaf weevil on hybrid aspen through shifts in developmental, chemical, and structural properties of leavesEntomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 128 66CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2008 Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and cotton cultivar on tri-trophic interaction of , , and Environmental Entomology 37 29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998 The effect of elevated CO2 and N availability on tissue concentrations and whole plant pools of carbon-based secondary compounds in loblolly pine ()Oecologia 113 29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998 Enhanced CO2 alters the relationship between photosynthesis and defence in cyanogenic F. MuellPlant, Cell and Environment 21 12CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004 Genotype-specific response of a lycaenid herbivore to elevated carbon dioxide and phosphorus availability in calcareous grasslandOecologia 139 383CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1989 Physiology and molecular-biology of phenylpropanoid metabolismAnnual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 40 347CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2009 Performance and secondary chemistry of two hybrid aspen (.) clones in long-term elevated ozone exposureJournal of Chemical Ecology 35 664CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2005 Effects of elevated CO2 on foliar quality and herbivore damage in a scrub oak ecosystemJournal of Chemical Ecology 31 267CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2006 Elevated CO2 increases the long-term decomposition rate of leaf litterGlobal Change Biology 12 568CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004 Insect herbivory in an intact forest understory under experimental CO2 enrichmentOecologia 138 566Google Scholar
2000 Biosynthesis of plant phenolic compounds in elevated atmospheric CO2Global Change Biology 6 497CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001 Isopod effects on decomposition of litter produced under elevated CO2, N deposition and different soil typesGlobal Change Biology 7 565CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1999 Opposing effects of elevated CO2 and N deposition on larvae feeding on spruce treesOecologia 118 210CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004 Gypsy moth feeding in the canopy of a CO2-enriched mature forestGlobal Change Biology 10 1899CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1999 Quality, decomposition and isopod consumption of tree litter produced under elevated CO2Oikos 85 271CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1990 Biochemical response of Norway spruce ( (L.) Karsts) towards 14-month exposure to ozone and acid mist. 1. Effects on polyphenol and monoterpene metabolismEnvironmental Pollution 64 353CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1992 The dilemma of plants: to grow or defendQuarterly Review of Biology 67 283CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998 The effect of elevated CO2 concentration and nutrient supply on carbon-based plant secondary metabolites in LOecologia 115 344CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2008 Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone alter forest insect abundance and community compositionInsect Conservation and Diversity 1 233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2008 Constitutive and herbivore-inducible glucosinolate concentrations in oilseed rape () leaves are not affected by Bt Cry1Ac insertion but change under elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3Planta 227 427CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003 Foliar quality influences tree-herbivore-parasitoid interactions: effects of elevated CO2, O3, and plant genotypeOecologia 137 233CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2005 Near-term impacts of elevated CO2, nitrogen and fungal endophyte-infection on L. growth, chemical composition and alkaloid productionPlant, Cell and Environment 28 1345CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1999 Ovipositional response of tobacco hornworm moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) to tobacco plants grown under elevated levels of ozoneEnvironmental Entomologist 28 566CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2000 Survival and development of tobacco hornworm larvae on tobacco plants grown under elevated levels of ozoneJournal of Chemical Ecology 26 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1990 Sagebrush and grasshopper responses to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrationOecologia 84 103CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1988 Plant stress and insect behavior: cottonwood, ozone and the feeding and oviposition preference of a beetleOecologia 76 51CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1993 Increased CO2 and nutrient status changes affect phytomass and the production of plant defensive secondary chemicals in (Salisb.)Oecologia 95 495CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1994 Effect of ozone on the biochemistry and aphid infestation of Scots pinePhytochemistry 35 39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998 The influence of elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations on Scots pine needles: changes in starch and secondary metabolites over three exposure yearsOecologia 114 455CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2003 Decomposition of secondary compounds from needle litter of Scots pine grown under elevated CO2 and O3Global Change Biology 9 295CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2005 Signalling and cell death in ozone-exposed plantsPlant, Cell and Environment 28 1021CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001 Effect of a chronic and moderate ozone pollution on the phenolic pattern of bean leaves ( L. cv Nerina), relations with visible injury and biomass productionBiochemical Systematics and Ecology 29 443CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001 Effects of elevated CO2 on the foliar chemistry of seedlings of two rainforest trees from north-east Australia: implications for folivorous marsupialsAustral Ecology 26 165CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2009 Global Climate Change Impacts in the United StatesNew YorkCambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
2005 Scaling ozone responses of forest trees to the ecosystem level in a changing climatePlant, Cell and Environment 28 965CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1997 Species-specific response of glucosinolate content to elevated atmospheric CO2Journal of Chemical Ecology 23 2569CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2006 Chemical composition and decomposition of silver birch leaf litter produced under elevated CO2 and O3Plant and Soil 282 261CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2007 Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on leaf litter phenolics and subsequent performance of litter-feeding soil macrofaunaPlant and Soil 292 25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1975 Ozone injury in soybeans: isoflavonoid accumulation is related to necrosisPlant Physiology 55 731CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1997 Effects of CO2 and NO3-availability on deciduous trees, phytochemistry and insect performanceEcology 78 215Google Scholar
2005 Elevated CO2 reduces leaf damage by insect herbivores in a forest communityNew Phytologist 167 207CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2006 Defense characteristics of seral deciduous broad-leaved tree seedlings grown under differing levels of CO2 and nitrogenPopulation Ecology 48 23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003 Responses of trembling aspen () phytochemistry and aspen blotch leafminer () performance to elevated level of CO2 and O3Agricultural and Forest Entomology 5 17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003 Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on the phytochemistry of aspen and performance of an herbivoreOecologia 134 95CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1998 Regulation of woody plant secondary metabolism by resource availability: hypothesis testing by means of meta-analysisOikos 83 212CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2009 Elevated CO2 atmosphere enhances production of defense-related flavonoids in soybean elicited by NO and a fungal elicitorEnvironmental and Experimental Botany 65 319CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001 The effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on the secondary chemistry of seedlingsTrees – Structure and Function 15 378CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003 Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on the leaf chemistry of birch (Roth) and the feeding behaviour of the weevil Agricultural and Forest Entomology 5 209CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2009 Biogenic volatile organic compounds in the Earth systemNew Phytologist 183 27CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1994 The effect of elevated carbon dioxide and fertilization on primary and secondary metabolites in birch, (Roth)Oecologia 99 315CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1994 Does ozone stress change the primary or secondary metabolites of birch ( Roth.)?New Phytologist 126 637CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1997 The effects of elevated CO2 on the nutritional quality of foliage and its interaction with soil nutrient and light availabilityOecologia 109 59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1989 The effect of carbon supply on allocation to allelochemicals and caterpillar consumption of peppermintOecologia 78 112CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2010 Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3 on forests: phytochemistry, trophic interactions, and ecosystem dynamicsJournal of Chemical Ecology 36 2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1993 Responses of deciduous trees to elevated atmospheric CO2: productivity, phytochemistry and insect performanceEcology 74 763CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1997 CO2-mediated changes in aspen chemistry: effects on gypsy moth performance and susceptibility to virusGlobal Change Biology 3 279CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001 Genotypic variation in response of quaking aspen () to atmospheric CO2 enrichmentOecologia 126 371CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2009 Enhanced litter input rather than changes in litter chemistry drive soil carbon and nitrogen cycles under elevated CO2: a microcosm studyGlobal Change Biology 15 441CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2007 Is ozone flux inside leaves only a damage indicator? Clues from volatile isoprenoid studiesPlant Physiology 143 1096CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004 Impact of ozone on monoterpene emissions and evidence for an isoprene-like antioxidant action of monoterpenes emitted by leavesTree Physiology 24 361CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2004 Elevated CO2 and O3t concentrations differentially affect selected groups of the fauna in temperate forest soilsSoil Biology and Biochemistry 36 1521CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004 Progressive nitrogen limitation of ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxideBioscience 54 731CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2000 The role of low-level ozone exposure and mycorrhizas in chemical quality and insect herbivore performance on Scots pine seedlingsGlobal Change Biology 6 111CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2006 Growth at elevated CO2 concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus YPlant, Cell and Environment 29 126CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2004 Elevated CO2 alters birch resistance to Lagomorpha herbivoresGlobal Change Biology 10 1402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1999 CO2 and light effects on deciduous trees: growth, foliar chemistry, and insect performanceOecologia 119 389Google ScholarPubMed
2010 23
2006 Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy () to elevated atmospheric CO2Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103 9086CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2004 Divergent pheromone-mediated insect behaviour under global atmospheric changeGlobal Change Biology 10 1820CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2006 Chemical composition and digestibility of exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide in a free-air (FACE) fumigation systemFunctional Ecology 20 269CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003 Natural products as sources of new drugs over the period 1981–2002Journal of Natural Products 66 1022CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2001 Elevated CO2, litter chemistry, and decomposition: a synthesisOecologia 127 153CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2010 Impact of elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 and herbivory on flavonoids of soybean ( Linnaeus)Journal of Chemical Ecology 36 35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004 Decomposition of leaf litter under the independent and interactive effects of elevated CO2 and O3Global Change Biology 10 1666CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2008 Independent, interactive, and species-specific responses of leaf litter decomposition to elevated CO2 and O3 in a northern hardwood forestEcosystems 11 505CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2005 Accumulation of phenolic compounds in birch leaves is changed by elevated carbon dioxide and ozoneGlobal Change Biology 11 1305CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2006 Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on aphid oviposition preference and birch bud exudate phenolicsGlobal Change Biology 12 1670CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998 Can elevated CO2 affect secondary metabolism and ecosystem function?Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13 20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1996 Variety of responses of plant phenolic concentration to CO2 enrichmentJournal of Experimental Botany 47 1463Google Scholar
2002 Altered performance of forest pests under atmospheres enriched by CO2 and O3Nature 420 403CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2000 Consumption rates and food preferences of slugs in a calcareous grassland under current and future CO2 conditionsOecologia 125 72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1999 Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, AntarcticaNature 399 429CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2007 Ozone degrades common herbivore-induced plant volatiles: does this affect herbivore prey location by predators and parasitoids?Journal of Chemical Ecology 33 683CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2010 Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone (O3) polluted atmospheres: the ecological effectsJournal of Chemical Ecology 36 22CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2008 Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on monoterpene emission of Scots pine ( L.)Atmospheric Environment 42 4160CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004 Elevated atmospheric CO2 affects the chemical quality of plants and the growth rate of the specialist, , but not the generalist, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52 4185CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1997 Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on the growth and linear furanocoumarin content of celeryJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45 3642CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004 Induced defensive response of myrtle oak to foliar insect herbivory in ambient and elevated CO2Journal of Chemical Ecology 30 1143CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1995 Elevated atmospheric CO2: effects on phytochemistry, insect performance and insect-parasitoid interactionsGlobal Change Biology 1 173CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1997 Atmospheric CO2 and soil water availability: consequences for tree–insect interactionsCanadian Journal of Forest Research 27 1281CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998 Enriched atmospheric CO2 and defoliation: effects on tree chemistry and insect performanceGlobal Change Biology 4 419CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2005 Foliar phenolics in sugar maple () as a potential indicator of tropospheric ozone pollutionEnvironmental Monitoring and Assessment 105 419CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2001 Effects of long-term open-field ozone exposure on leaf phenolics of European silver birch ( Roth)Journal of Chemical Ecology 27 1049CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2001 The influence of elevated O3 and CO2 concentrations on secondary metabolites of Scots pine ( L.) seedlingsGlobal Change Biology 7 303CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998 Tree and forest functioning in an enriched CO2 atmosphereNew Phytologist 139 395CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998 Foliar nitrogen dynamics and decomposition of yellow-poplar and eastern white pine during four seasons of exposure to elevated ozone and carbon dioxideForest Ecology and Management 109 355CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2007 Interaction between atmospheric CO2 and glucosinolates in broccoliJournal of Chemical Ecology 33 105CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2007 Profiling secondary metabolites of needles of ozone-fumigated white pine () clones by thermally assisted hydrolysis/methylation GC/MSJournal of Chemical Ecology 33 1467CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2007 How does elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) affect plant–herbivore interactions? A field experiment and meta-analysis of CO2-mediated changes on plant chemistry and herbivore performanceGlobal Change Biology 13 1823CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1999 Decreased leaf-miner abundance in elevated CO2: reduced leaf quality and increased parasitoid attackEcological Applications 9 240Google ScholarPubMed
2002 Elevated atmospheric CO2 lowers herbivore abundance, but increases leaf abscission ratesGlobal Change Biology 8 658CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003 Elevated CO2 lowers relative and absolute herbivore density across all species of a scrub-oak forestOecologia 134 82CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2009 Seeing the forest for the trees: long-term exposure to elevated CO2 increases some herbivore densitiesGlobal Change Biology 15 1895CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1983 Terrestrial plant communitiesThe Response of Plants to Rising Levels of Atmospheric Carbon DioxideBoulder, COWestview Press177Google Scholar
1996 Decline in gypsy moth () performance in an elevated CO2 atmosphere depends upon host plant speciesOecologia 108 113CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2008 Global change and species interactions in terrestrial ecosystemsEcology Letters 11 1351CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2007 Effects of elevated O3, alone and in combination with elevated CO2, on tree leaf chemistry and insect herbivore performance: a meta-analysisGlobal Change Biology 13 184CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2011 2 17 1277
2002 Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on plant growth and herbivore defensive chemistryGlobal Change Biology 8 1240CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004 A review of surface ozone background levels and trendsAtmospheric Environment 38 3431CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2004 Emission of -induced compounds from cabbages grown at elevated CO2 and orientation behavior of the natural enemiesPlant Physiology 135 1984CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2004 Ozone exposure triggers the emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles, but does not disturb tritrophic signallingEnvironmental Pollution 131 305CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1989 Responses to ozone of insects feeding on a crop and weed speciesEnvironmental Pollution 62 89CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1994 Loblolly pine grown under elevated CO2 affects early instar pine sawfly performanceOecologia 98 64CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
1997 Effects of elevated CO2, soil nutrient levels, and foliage age on the performance of two generations of (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) feeding on loblolly pineEnvironmental Entomology 26 1312CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1998 Leaf age effects of elevated CO-grown white oak leaves on spring-feeding lepidopteransGlobal Change Biology 4 235CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2000 Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature-grown red and sugar maple on gypsy moth performanceGlobal Change Biology 6 685CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2003 Development of gypsy moth larvae feeding on red maple saplings at elevated CO2 and temperatureOecologia 137 114CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2009 Quantifying the impact of current and future tropospheric ozone on tree biomass, growth, physiology and biochemistry: a quantitative meta-analysisGlobal Change Biology 15 396CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2009 The CO2 inhibition of terrestrial isoprene emission significantly affects future ozone projectionsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9 2793CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2009 Smelling global climate change: mitigation of function for plant volatile organic compoundsTrends in Ecology and Evolution 24 323CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2008 Anthropogenic increase in carbon dioxide compromises plant defense against invasive insectsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105 5129CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2005 Alterations in the production and concentration of selected alkaloids as a function of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature: implications for ethno-pharmacologyGlobal Change Biology 11 1798CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2008 Recent and projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide and the potential impacts on growth and alkaloid production in wild poppy ( DC.)Climatic Change 91 395CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2006 Consequences of simultaneous elevation of carbon dioxide and temperature for plant–herbivore interactions: a metaanalysisGlobal Change Biology 12 27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23
- Cited by