Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T17:50:11.623Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 2 - Acute Gynaecological Emergencies

from Section 1 - Basic Sciences in Gynaecology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 November 2021

By
Helder Ferreira  and
Rafael Bras
Edited by
Tahir Mahmood ,
Charles Savona-Ventura ,
Ioannis Messinis  and
Sambit Mukhopadhyay
Tahir Mahmood
Affiliation:
Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy
Charles Savona-Ventura
Affiliation:
University of Malta, Malta
Ioannis Messinis
Affiliation:
University of Thessaly, Greece
Sambit Mukhopadhyay
Affiliation:
Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, UK
Get access

Summary

Acute gynaecological emergencies are conditions of the female reproductive system that threaten the woman’s life, her sexual function or her fertility. Common gynaecological emergencies present as acute abdomen, abnormal vaginal bleeding, or a combination of both.

The main gynaecological emergencies could be divided into early pregnancy problems, gynaecologic causes of severe pelvic pain (acute pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic endometriosis, torsion and rupture of an ovarian neoplasm, torsion or degeneration of a uterine leiomyoma, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome), severe vaginal bleeding, vulvar abscesses, toxic shock syndrome and sexual violence.

Keywords

gynaecological emergenciespelvic inflammatory diseaseectopicovarian torsionmiscarriagetoxic shock syndromeovarian hyperstimulationpelvic pain
Type
Chapter
Information
The EBCOG Postgraduate Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Gynaecology
 , pp. 6 - 14
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bouyer, J, Coste, J, Fernandez, H, Pouly, J, Job-Spira, L. Sites of ectopic pregnancy: a 10 year population-based study of 1800 cases. Hum Reprod 2002;17:3224–3230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Den Eeden, SK, Shan, J, Bruce, C, Glasser, M. Ectopic pregnancy rate and treatment utilization in a large managed care organization. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:1052–1057.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoover, KW, Tao, G, Kent, CK. Trends in the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy in the United States. Obstet Gynecol 2010;115:495–502.Google Scholar
Committee on Practice Bulletins – Gynecology. ACOG practice bulletin no. 191: tubal ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2018;131:e65–e77.Google Scholar
Bouyer, J, Coste, J, Shojaei, T, et al. Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a comprehensive analysis based on a large case-control, population-based study in France. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:185–194.Google Scholar
Murray, H, Baakdah, H, Bardell, T, Tulandi, A. Diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy. CMAJ 2005;173:905–912.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, C, Zhao, W-H, Zhu, Q, et al. Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a multi-center case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015;15:187.Google Scholar
Alkatout, I, Honemeyer, U, Strauss, A, et al. Clinical diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2013;68:571–581.Google Scholar
Condous, G, Kirk, E, Lu, C, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of varying discriminatory zones for the prediction of ectopic pregnancy in women with a pregnancy of unknown location. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005;26:770–775.Google Scholar
Farquhar, CM. Ectopic pregnancy. Lancet 2005;366:583–591.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lipscomb, GH. Medical therapy for ectopic pregnancy. Semin Reprod Med 2007;25:93–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Regan, L, Rai, R. Epidemiology and the medical causes of miscarriage. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2000;14:839–854.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dugas, C, Whitten, R. Miscarriage. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls, 2018.Google Scholar
ACOG practice bulletin no. 200: Early pregnancy loss. Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:e197–e207.Google Scholar
Regan, L, Braude, PR, Trembath, PL. Influence of past reproductive performance on risk of spontaneous abortion. BMJ 1989;299:541–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nybo Andersen, AM, Wohlfahrt, J, Christens, P, Olsen, J, Melbye, M. Maternal age and fetal loss: population based register linkage study. BMJ 2000;320:1708–1712.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warden, M, Schreiber, CA, Steinauer, J. Diagnostic criteria for nonviable pregnancy early in the first trimester. Ultrasound Q 2014;30:3–9.Google Scholar
Abam, DS, Overview of gynaecological emergencies. In: Contemporary Gynecologic Practice. London: IntechOpen; 2015.Google Scholar
CDC. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. Available from: www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/pid.htm.Google Scholar
Practice bulletin no. 114: management of endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 2010;116:223–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, C, Meyers, AB, Capotasto, J, Bokhari, J. Prevalence of abnormal CT findings in patients with proven ovarian torsion and a proposed triage schema. Emerg Radiol 2009;16:115–120.Google Scholar
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Committee on Practice Bulletins – Gynecology. Practice bulletin no. 174: evaluation and management of adnexal masses. Obstet Gynecol 2016;128:e210–e226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bras, R, Braga, J, Tomé, A, Ferreira, H. Adnexal torsion in the first trimester of pregnancy: diagnosis, laparoscopic management, and review of the literature. Surg Technol Int 2017;30:210–214.Google ScholarPubMed
Vilos, GA, Allaire, C, Laberge, P-Y, Leyland, N. The management of uterine leiomyomas. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2015;37:157–178.Google Scholar
Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Prevention and treatment of moderate and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a guideline. Fertil Steril 2016;106:1634–1647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Committee on Practice Bulletins – Gynecology. Practice bulletin no. 128: diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-aged women. Obstet Gynecol 2012;120:197–206.Google Scholar
Committee on Practice Bulletins – Gynecology. Practice bulletin no. 136: management of abnormal uterine bleeding associated with ovulatory dysfunction. Obstet Gynecol 2013;122:176–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aghajanian, A, Bernstein, L, Grimes, DA. Bartholin’s duct abscess and cyst: a case-control study. South Med J 1994;87:26–29.Google Scholar
Rajendran, PM, Young, D, Maurer, T, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cephalexin for treatment of uncomplicated skin abscesses in a population at risk for community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51:4044–4048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Todd, J, Fishaut, M, Kapral, F, Welch, T. Toxic-shock syndrome associated with phage-group-I staphylococci. Lancet 1978;2:1116–1118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reingold, AL, Hargrett, NT, Shands, KN, et al. Toxic shock syndrome surveillance in the United States, 1980 to 1981. Ann Intern Med 1982;96:875–880.Google Scholar
Abrahams, N, Devries, K, Watts, C, et al. Worldwide prevalence of non-partner sexual violence: a systematic review. Lancet 2014;383:1648–1654.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×