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The Formation of the Himalaya
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 April 2025
The Himalaya is the highest mountain range on Earth, stretching for more than 2,500 km (1,500 miles) with dozens of peaks having elevations over 6,300 m (20,000 feet). At the summit of Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth, at 8850 m (29,029 feet) above sea level, we find limestone, originally deposited below sea level. The great height of the mountains led to our understanding of isostasy via the controversy of topographic compensation debated by Pratt and Airy (see Chapter 3). The first formal geologic study of the region may have been by Swiss geologists Arnold Heim and Augusto Gansser, in 1936, soon after the concept of continental drift was taking hold in Europe (see Chapter 5).
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