Clark, W. and Dickson, N. (2003). Sustainability Science: The Emerging Research Program. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(14): 8059–8061.Google Scholar

https://ca1-eci.edcdn.com/reports/ECIU-Oxford_Taking_Stock.pdf?mtime=20210323005817&focal=none.Google Scholar

www.gov.ca.gov/2020/09/23/governor-newsom-announces-california-will-phase-out-gasoline-powered-cars-drastically-reduce-demand-for-fossil-fuel-in-californias-fight-against-climate-change.Google Scholar

www.theverge.com/2020/11/17/21572312/uk-ban-combustion-engine-vehicles-sale-electric-cars.Google Scholar

www.bbc.com/news/business-59045100.Google Scholar

www.cnbc.com/2021/01/28/general-motors-plans-to-exclusively-offer-electric-vehicles-by-2035.html.Google Scholar

Brown, A. (2020). Electric Cars Will Challenge State Power Grids. The Washington Post. www.washingtonpost.com/science/electric-cars-will-challenge-state-power-grids/2020/01/24/136a2a30-32e6-11ea-a053-dc6d944ba776_story.html.Google Scholar

US Department of Energy (2019). Summary Report on EVs at Scale and the U.S. Electric Power System. Report. www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/12/f69/GITT%20ISATT%20EVs%20at%20Scale%20Grid%20Summary%20Report%20FINAL%20Nov2019.pdf.Google Scholar

US EPA Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990–2020 (2022). www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks.Google Scholar

The White House (2021). Biden Administration Jumpstarts Offshore Wind Energy Projects to Create Jobs. www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/03/29/fact-sheet-biden-administration-jumpstarts-offshore-wind-energy-projects-to-create-jobs.Google Scholar

US Department of Commerce – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NOAA (2021). Fisheries of the United States 2019.Google Scholar

LeMoult, C (2019). Seismic Testing Approval Process Raises Concern About Impact on Right Whales. WGBH Boston. www.wgbh.org/news/science-and-technology/2019/03/28/seismic-testing-approval-process-raises-concern-about-impact-on-right-whales.Google Scholar

US Department of Energy (2022). Rare Earth Permanent Magnets: US Department of Energy Response to Executive Order 14017, “America’s Supply Chains.”Google Scholar

Reuters (2019). U.S. Dependence on China’s Rare Earth: Trade War Vulnerability. www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-rareearth-explainer/u-s-dependence-on-chinas-rare-earth-trade-war-vulnerability-idUSKCN1TS3AQ.Google Scholar

Yu, S. and Sevastopulo, D. (2021). China Targets Rare Earth Export Curbs to Hobble US Defence Industry. Financial Times. February 16. www.ft.com/content/d3ed83f4-19bc-4d16-b510-415749c032c1.Google Scholar

US Department of Defense (2020). DOD Announces Rare Earth Element Awards to Strengthen Domestic Industrial Base. US DOD Press Release. November 17. www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2418542/dod-announces-rare-earth-element-awards-to-strengthen-domestic-industrial-base.Google Scholar

Rowe, M. (2021). Dossier: Mining the Arctic. Geographical. August 6. https://geographical.co.uk/nature/polar/item/4113-dossier-mining-the-arctic.Google Scholar

United States Geological Survey (2008). Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: Estimates of Undiscovered Oil and Gas North of the Arctic Circle. USGS Fact Sheet 2008–3049. https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3049.Google Scholar

Bermudez, J. (2020). The Ice Curtain: Bringing Transparency to the Arctic. Center for Strategic and International Studies. March 23.Google Scholar

US Energy Information Administration (2021). United States Continued to Lead Global Petroleum and Natural Gas Production in 2020. www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=48756.Google Scholar

American Petroleum Institute (2021). Impacts of the Natural Gas and Oil Industry on the U.S. Economy in 2019, prepared for the American Petroleum Institute by PwC, July.Google Scholar

US Energy Information Administration (2021). Oil and Petroleum Products Explained. May. www.eia.gov/energyexplained/oil-and-petroleum-products/use-of-oil.php.Google Scholar

Energy at Work. Upgrading America’s Energy Infrastructure (2017). Business Roundtable. https://s3.amazonaws.com/brt.org/staging-qeOOpdhhbbqqq3/Energy-atWork-Full.pdf.Google Scholar

World Energy and Climate Statistics – Yearbook (2021). https://yearbook.enerdata.net/natural-gas/world-natural-gas-production-statistics.html.Google Scholar

US Energy Information Administration (2021). Natural Gas Explained. www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/use-of-natural-gas.php#:~:text=The%20United%20States%20used%20about,of%20U.S.%20total%20energy%20consumption.Google Scholar

US Energy Information Administration (2021). Annual U.S. Natural Gas Production Decreased by 1% in 2020. www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=46956#:~:text=U.S.%20natural%20gas%20production%E2%80%94asand%20oil%20prices%20in%202020.Google Scholar

NACS: The Association for Convenience and Fuel Retailing (2022). Convenience Stores Sell the Most Gas. March 10. www.convenience.org/Topics/Fuels/Who-Sells-Americas-Fuel.Google Scholar

US Environmental Protection Agency (2022). Underground Storage Tanks. www.epa.gov/ust#:~:text=Approximately%20542%2C000%20underground%20storage%20tanks,store%20petroleum%20or%20hazardous%20substances.Google Scholar

Chinn, M. and Plumley, B. (2020). What Is the Toll of Trade Wars on U.S. Agriculture? PBS in Partnership with EconoFact. January 16. www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense/what-is-the-toll-of-trade-wars-on-u-s-agriculture#:~:text=American%20agricultural%20exports%20to%20China,China%20deal%20promises%20some%20relief.Google Scholar

US Department of Agriculture (2021). Corn Is America’s Largest Crop in 2019. www.usda.gov/media/blog/2019/07/29/corn-americas-largest-crop-2019.Google Scholar

US Department of Agriculture (2021). Feedgrains Sector at a Glance. Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/corn-and-other-feedgrains/feedgrains-sector-at-a-glance/#:~:text=Much%20of%20this%20growth%20in,percent%20of%20total%20corn%20use.Google Scholar

Renewable Fuels Association (2020). New Study: Despite Policy Challenges, Ethanol Industry Significantly Benefited Economy in 2019. February 10. https://ethanolrfa.org/media-and-news/category/news-releases/article/2020/02/new-study-despite-policy-challenges-ethanol-industry-significantly-benefited-economy-in-2019.Google Scholar

Ehrlich, P. R. and Holdren, J. P. (1971, March 26). Impact of Population Growth. Science, 171: 1212–1217. (See also the longer version by the same authors under the same title in Commission on Population Growth and the American Future [1972]. Research Reports, vol. 3: Population, Resources, and the Environment, Ronald G. Ridker (ed.). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, pp. 365–377.)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Adams, D. (2021). How Far Will Global Population Rise? Researchers Can’t Agree. Nature, 597: 462–465. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02522-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision. https://population.un.org/wup/DataQuery.Google Scholar

Yeung, Y.-M., Shen, J., and Kee, G. (2020). Megacities: International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (2nd ed.). New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar

World Bank (2020). Urban Development. www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview#1.Google Scholar

Pesaresi, M., Melchiorri, M., Siragusa, A., and Kemper, T. (2016). Atlas of the Human Planet: Mapping Human Presence on Earth with the Global Human Settlement Layer. Luxembourg: European Commission. https://ourworldindata.org/how-urban-is-the-world.Google Scholar

Kharas, H. (2016). How a Growing Global Middle Class Could Save the World’s Economy. Pew Trust. www.pewtrusts.org/en/trend/archive/summer-2016/how-a-growing-global-middle-class-could-save-the-worlds-economy.Google Scholar

Suisse, Credit (2021). Global Wealth Report 2021. Zurich: Credit Suisse Research Institute.Google Scholar

Versace, C., Hawkings, L. E., and Abssy, M. (2021, July 9). World Reimagined: The Rise of the Global Middle Class. www.nasdaq.com/articles/world-reimagined%3A-the-rise-of-the-global-middle-class-2021-07-09.Google Scholar

World Bank Group (2022). Four Decades of Poverty Reduction in China: Drivers, Insights for the World and the Way Forward. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/bdadc16a4f5c1c88a839c0f905cde802-0070012022/original/Poverty-Synthesis-Report-final.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

World Bank (2022). Metadata Glossary. https://databank.worldbank.org/metadataglossary/all/series.Google Scholar

World Bank (2022). Final Consumption Expenditure (current US $). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.CON.TOTL.CD?end=2020&start=2000&view=chart.Google Scholar

Turner, A. (2022). How Many Smartphones Are in the World? BankMyCell. www.bankmycell.com/blog/how-many-phones-are-in-the-world#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20the%20number%20of,91.54%25%20of%20the%20world’s%20population.Google Scholar

How Much (2022). Charting Over 20 Years of Retail Sales and E-commerce in the US Retail Industry (Update). https://howmuch.net/articles/timeline-retail-sales-growth-US.Google Scholar

Forbes, (2021). Global E-Commerce Sales to Hit $4.2 Trillion As Online Surge Continues. April 27. www.forbes.com/sites/joanverdon/2021/04/27/global-ecommerce-sales-to-hit-42-trillion-as-online-surge-continues-adobe-reports.Google Scholar

Dargay, J., Gately, D., and Sommer, M. (2007, October). Vehicle Ownership and Income Growth, Worldwide: 1960–2030. The Energy Journal.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hedges and Company (2022). How Many Cars Are There in the World in 2022? https://hedgescompany.com/blog/2021/06/how-many-cars-are-there-in-the-world.Google Scholar

Carsguide (2018). How Many Cars Are There Around the World? September 20. www.carsguide.com.au/car-advice/how-many-cars-are-there-in-the-world-70629.Google Scholar

International Air Transport Association (2019). Annual Review 2019. 75th Annual General Meeting, Seoul. June.Google Scholar

Air (2022). Commercial Aviation: Growth and Forecast 2021–2039. www.grupooneair.com/analysis-global-growth-commercial-aviation.Google Scholar

International Civil Aviation Organization (2019). Annual Report 2019. The World Air Transport in 2019. www.icao.int/annual-report-2019/Pages/default.aspx.Google Scholar

Statista (2022). Meat Consumption Worldwide, 2022. April 14. www.statista.com/statistics/274522/global-per-capita-consumption-of-meat/#:~:text=The%20global%20consumption%20of%20meat,most%20consumed%20meat%20type%20worldwide.Google Scholar

OurWorldInData (2022). Meat and Dairy Production. https://ourworldindata.org/meat-production.Google Scholar

Thomas, N. (2018). How KFC Changed China and How China Changed KFC. MacroPolo. August 13. https://macropolo.org/analysis/how-kfc-changed-china-and-how-china-changed-kfc.Google Scholar

van Dijk, M., Morley, T., Rau, M. L. et al. (2021). A Meta-Analysis of Projected Global Food Demand and Population at Risk of Hunger for the Period 2010–2050. Nature Food, 2: 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00322-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Food and Agriculture Organization (2009). How to Feed the World 2050. High-Level Expert Forum. www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/lon/HLEF2050_Global_Agriculture.pdf.Google Scholar

Silva, G. (2018). Feeding the World in 2050 and Beyond – Part 1: Productivity Challenges. Michigan State University. www.canr.msu.edu/news/feeding-the-world-in-2050-and-beyond-part-1.Google Scholar

Food and Agriculture Organization and United Nations Environment Programme (2020). The State of the World’s Forests 2020: Forests, Biodiversity and People. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.Google Scholar

Gao, J. and O’Neill, B. C. (2020). Mapping Global Urban Land for the 21st Century with Data-Driven Simulations and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Nature Communications, 11: 2302. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15788-7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Golden, J., Brazel, A., Salmond, J., and Laws, D. (2006). Energy and Water Sustainability: The Role of Urban Climate Change from Metropolitan Infrastructure. Engineering for Sustainable Development, 1(1):55–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Golden, J. S., Guthrie, P., Kaloush, K., and Britter, R. (2005). The Summertime Urban Heat Island Hysteresis Lag Complexity: Applying Thermodynamics, Urban Engineering and Sustainability Research. Sustainable Engineering – A Journal of the Royal Institute of Civil Engineers, 158(ES4):197–210.Google Scholar

International Resources Panel (2019). Global Resources Outlook 2019: Natural Resources for the Future We Want. www.resourcepanel.org/reports/global-resources-outlook.Google Scholar

Food and Agriculture Organization (2016). AQUASTAT. www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en.Google Scholar

World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Education Fund (2017). Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines. Geneva. https://washdata.org.Google Scholar

S. Kaza, , L. C. Yao, , P. Bhada-Tata, , and F. van Woerden, (2018). What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050. Urban Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. CrossRefGoogle Scholar

International Resources Panel (2018). The Weight of Cities: Resource Requirements of Future Urbanization. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.Google Scholar

United Nations Environment Programme (2022). Think, Eat, Save. www.unep.org/thinkeatsave/get-informed/worldwide-food-waste.Google Scholar

World Bank (2022). What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050. https://datatopics.worldbank.org/what-a-waste/trends_in_solid_waste_management.html.Google Scholar

Center for Sustainable Systems (2021). The University of Michigan. Municipal Solid Waste. Factsheet. https://css.umich.edu/sites/default/files/Municipal%20Solid%20Waste_CSS04-15_e2021.pdf.Google Scholar

Visual Capitalist (2022). Visualizing the Global Landfill Crisis. March 2. www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-the-global-landfill-crisis.Google Scholar

World Bank (2018). What a Waste: An Updated Look into the Future of Solid Waste Management. www.worldbank.org/en/news/immersive-story/2018/09/20/what-a-waste-an-updated-look-into-the-future-of-solid-waste-management.Google Scholar

Food and Agriculture Organization (2012). The State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.Google Scholar

Dulvy, N. K., Sadovy, Y., and Reynolds, J. D. (2003). Extinction Vulnerability in Marine Populations. Fish and Fisheries, 4: 25–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sumaila, U. R. and Tai, T. C. (2020). End Overfishing and Increase the Resilience of the Ocean to Climate Change. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7: 523. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2008256117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Issifu, I., Alava, J. J., Lam, V. W. Y., and Sumaila, U. R. (2022). Impact of Ocean Warming, Overfishing and Mercury on European Fisheries: A Risk Assessment and Policy Solution Framework. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8: 770805. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.770805.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

International Union for Conservation of Nature (2021). Marine Plastic Pollution. Technical Bulletin November 2021.Google Scholar

Lau, W. W. Y., Shiran, Y., Bailey, R. M. et al. (2020). Evaluating Scenarios toward Zero Plastic Pollution. Science, 369: 1455–1461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

World Bank Group (2022). Four Decades of Poverty Reduction in China: Drivers, Insights for the World, and the Way Ahead. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/bdadc16a4f5c1c88a839c0f905cde802-0070012022/original/Poverty-Synthesis-Report-final.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Feng, J. (2021). When Will India Overtake China in Population? Newsweek. May 11. www.newsweek.com/when-will-india-overtake-china-population-1590451.Google Scholar

Lebel, L., Lorek, S., and Daniel, R. (2010). Sustainable Production Consumption Systems: Knowledge, Engagement and Practice. Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Evans, D (1997). A History of Nature Conservation in Britain (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2022). Summary for Policymakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

The Conversation (2020). John Tyndall: The Forgotten Co-founder of Climate Science. https://theconversation.com/john-tyndall-the-forgotten-co-founder-of-climate-science-143499.Google Scholar

Foote, E. (1856). Circumstances Affecting the Heat of the Sun’s Rays. The American Journal of Science and Arts, 22: 382–383.Google Scholar

Jackson, R. (2019). Eunice Foote, John Tyndall and a Question of Priority. The Royal Society. Notes and Records, 74: 105–118. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2022). Global Monitoring Laboratory. Earth System Research Laboratories. https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends.Google Scholar

United Nations (2022). What Is the Kyoto Protocol? https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol.Google Scholar

CNN (2022). Kyoto Protocol Fast Facts. Updated April 7, 2022. www.cnn.com/2013/07/26/world/kyoto-protocol-fast-facts/index.html#:~:text=The%20United%20States%20has%20not,were%20exempted%20from%20the%20treaty.Google Scholar

Hovi, J., Sprinz, D. F., and Bang, G. (2012). Why the United States Did Not Become a Party to the Kyoto Protocol: German, Norwegian, and US Perspectives. European Journal of International Relations, 18(1): 129–150. doi: 10.1177/1354066110380964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Natural Resources Defense Council (2021). Paris Climate Agreement: Everything You Need to Know. www.nrdc.org/stories/paris-climate-agreement-everything-you-need-know#sec-whatis.Google Scholar

Obama Foundation (2022). The Best Possible Shot to Save the One Planet We’ve Got. www.obama.org/paris-climate-agreement.Google Scholar

National Public Radio (2021). U.S. Officially Rejoins Paris Agreement on Climate Change. www.npr.org/2021/02/19/969387323/u-s-officially-rejoins-paris-agreement-on-climate-change.Google Scholar

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2022). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate: Global Climate Report for Annual 2021. www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/202113.Google Scholar

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2022). Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. Evidence. https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence.Google Scholar

United States Environmental Protection Agency (2022). Overview of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases.Google Scholar

International Energy Agency (2020). Methane Tracker 2020, Paris. www.iea.org/reports/methane-tracker-2020.Google Scholar

Gibbs, M., Soyka, P., and Conneely, D. (2000). CO₂ Emissions from Cement Production. Background Papers: IPCC Expert Meetings on Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhous Gas Inventories. www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/bgp/3_1_Cement_Production.pdf.Google Scholar

International Energy Agency (2022). Global Energy Review: CO₂ Emissions in 2021, Paris. www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-co2-emissions-in–2021–2.Google Scholar

International Energy Agency (2021). GHG Emissions from Energy. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/d755e4d6-9572-4549-9421-7d2bc377cd2f/WORLD_GHG_Documentation.pdf.Google Scholar

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2021). Sixth Assessment Report. Working Group III. Chapter 2: Emissions Trends and Drivers. https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6wg3/pdf/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_FinalDraft_Chapter02.pdf.Google Scholar

Russell (n.d.), S.. Looking Back on 15 Years of Greenhouse Gas Accounting. Greenhouse Gas Protocol. https://ghgprotocol.org/blog/looking-back-15-years-greenhouse-gas-accounting.Google Scholar

Carbon Disclosure Project (2022). CDP Leadership Presentation and Interview at Syracuse University, April 20.Google Scholar

World Business Council for Sustainable Development and World Resources Institute (2004). The Greenhouse Gas Protocol. A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, revised ed. https://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/standards/ghg-protocol-revised.pdf.Google Scholar

Climate Watch (2022). Data Explorer. www.climatewatchdata.org/data-explorer/historical-emissions?historical-emissions-data-sources=cait&historical-emissions-gases=all-ghg&historical-emissions-regions=All%20Selected&historical-emissions-sectors=total-including-lucf%2Ctotal-including-lucf&page=1.Google Scholar

World Bank (2022). CO₂ Emissions (Metric Tons Per Capita). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.PC.Google Scholar

United Nations (2022). Secretary-General Warns of Climate Emergency, Calling Intergovernmental Panel’s Report “a File of Shame,” While Saying Leaders “Are Lying,” Fuelling Flames. April 4. https://press.un.org/en/2022/sgsm21228.doc.htm.Google Scholar