Index
adaptation
connection to vulnerability, 67
development of the concept, 38
negative elements, 38
positive elements, 38
adaptive cycle, 39
Adger, W.N., 35
aeolian soils, 75
agricultural technology, 78
Alfani, Guido, 137
Armenia
Spitak earthquake of 1988, 134
Ash, Eric, 113
Baghdad
thirteenth-century water management, 89
Bangladesh
famine of 1974, 125
Bavel, Bas van, 166
Behringer, Wolfgang, 138
Beijiang basin flood
reliance on family, 87
Black Death, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 21, 26, 55, 64, 68, 69, 103, 179 See also epidemics
and gender inequality, 156
and inequality, 155
broader assessment, 69
compassion and cohesion, 140
disparate effects, 147
disparate population recovery, 150
diversity of outcomes, 21
Golden Age of Labour, 14
long-term positive effects, 147
migration to cities, 131
mortality, 64
persecution of Jews, 140
redistributive anomaly, 156
social tensions, 138
Blaikie, Piers, 11
Borsch, Stuart, 21
Brazil
indigenous marriage rules, 149
Canal du Midi, 90
capitalism
and cyclicality, 166
and hybridization, 165
and societal change, 152
changing human–nature interaction, 165
frontier zone vulnerability, 166
nonlinear development, 166
cattle plague
and intensification, 82
Climatic Research Unit (CRU), 13
commons
and inequality, 95
and vulnerability, 94
collective agriculture, 93
disintegration, 95
in Northwestern Europe, 92
shared non-arable resources, 94
water boards, 96
communist revolutions
and food crises, 152
Conflict Catalog, 58
D’Souza, Rohan, 180
Darfur
famine of 1984–5, 125
de Keyzer, Maïka, 119
Di Tullio, Matteo, 119
disaster classification, 22
consequences, 24
natural and human-made, 22
speed of unfolding, 23
type of event, 23
disaster experts
and biopolitics, 114
co-evolvement with the state, 113
modern era dominance, 114
rise of, 113
disaster impacts, 5, 62
economic crisis, 137
erosion of societal stability, 5
fixed values and thresholds, 63
land loss, 134
scapegoating and blame, 140
structural and behavioral disturbance, 63
disaster management cycle, 31
and decision-making, 33
development of, 32
limitations, 33
long-term perspective, 32
mitigation and adaptation, 32
disaster preconditions, 74
culture gaps, 104
economic development, 82
economic structures, 84
religious beliefs, 101
risks of mitigation measures, 79
war and conflict, 85
Disaster Research Center (DRC), 11
disaster studies
and anthropologists, 11
and climate change, 11
and disaster management, 185
and eurocentrism, 184
and forecasting, 169
at the local level, 184
Cold War period, 11
global direction, 69
in the 1990s, 11
limitations, 54
disasters
and modernity, 10
and origin myths, 178
concept of, 30
difference to hazards, 31
naturalness of, 33
diseases
colonialism and capitalism, 166
in the Caribbean, 166
in the Southeast of the United States, 166
nineteenth-century reforms, 151
references in historical sources, 64
Ebert, John David, 160
Endfield, Georgina, 36
Engels, Friedrich, 18
Ensminger, Jean, 118
epidemics, 6
and inheritance, 155
and long-term effects, 147
and migration, 131
and public health, 151
and redistribution, 155
and religion in Western Europe, 101
and social control, 109
and social unrest, 138
and top-down interventions, 109
blame and scapegoating, 137
bottom-up resistance, 141
indiscriminate mortality, 129
marriage spike, 130
mortality, 64
negotiated balance, 140
productivity and human capital, 147
reconstruction, 63
Ethiopia
crisis of the 1980s, 129
European Marriage Pattern, 87
famines
and democracy, 89
and economic diversification, 82
and Malthusian pressures, 69
and migration, 149
and poor relief organizations, 92
anticipation in Africa, 111
charity in India, 93
comparative approach, 69
diversity of outcomes, 158
Great Famine of 1315–17, 68
sub-Saharan Africa, 8
Malthusian pressures, 175
nuptiality and fertility, 149
postponing marriage, 129
selective mortality, 126
Glantz, Michael H., 169
Great Dhaka Flood Protection Project
top-down intervention side effects, 108
Great Famine of Ireland, 69, 175
contextualization, 70
grain exports to England, 84
potato dependency, 83
Great Transition, 146
Guatemala
earthquake of 1976, 81
Guha, Ramachandra, 19
Hardin, Garrett, 94
Herlihy, David, 17
Hewitt, Kenneth, 75
historical data
applying social science methods, 71
further development, 60
in the digital age, 57
key questions, 60
paleoclimate proxy data, 169
source criticism, 58
historical sources
and colonialism, 50
contextualization of data, 57
instrumental recording, 50
integration of sources, 55
non-documentary evidence, 55
types of, 53
historiography of disasters, 15, 179
drivers of change, 179
environmental determinism, 178
focus on events, 69
historical climatology, 13
in the post-World War II period, 12
in the pre-industrial period, 12
socio-economic history, 14
history as a laboratory, 43
focus on institutions, 174
future goals, 183
identifying patterns, 173
practical demands, 43
social contextualization, 174
Holling, Buzz, 35
Indian Ocean
tsunami of 2004, 168
inequality
and disaster preconditions, 157
and indirect vulnerability, 99
and taxation, 158
and war, 155
benefits of more equity, 118
beyond wealth distribution, 156
constrained disaster response, 117
disaster preconditions, 179
enhanced hazard response, 117
long-term trends, 155
of income, 97
reciprocal agreements, 99
informal solidarity, 49
institutions
and change, 86
and resilience, 120
colonial path dependency, 121
culture and religion, 122
flexibility and adaptation, 118
formation of, 86
hazard-orientated, 85
marginalizing indigenous beliefs, 121
Kant, Immanuel
and the Lisbon earthquake of 1755, 167
Kelman, Ilan, 163
Klein, Naomi, 152
Kosminsky, E. A., 18
Kuznets, Simon, 175
Lamb, Hubert, 13
Leiden
epidemics and inequality, 117
Little Ice Age, 38, 55, 76
and societal collapse, 143
and witch hunting, 139
diversity of outcomes, 163
regional diversity, 77
Livi Bacci, Massimo, 65
long-term disaster effects, 145
demographic changes, 150
economic divergence, 146
gradual change, 153
reconstruction and reform, 152
Manchurian plague of 1911, 50
Manley, Gordon, 13
McCloskey, Donald, 41
McNeill, William H., 177
Medieval Warm Optimum, 76
Modified Mercalli Intensity scale, 24
New Orleans
absence of memory and learning, 112
O’Keefe, Phil, 81
optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, 56
Ostrom, Elinor, 21
Overton, Mark, 178
Piketty, Thomas, 157
poor relief organizations
financial context, 93
Postan, Michael, 16
Pressure and Release (PAR) model, 66
Pritchard, Sara, 160
public sphere
Enlightenment disaster interest, 168
Puerto Rico
hurricane Maria in 2018, 135
Quarantelli, Enrico, 11
Radkau, Joachim, 168
Red Cross, 91
regions of risk, 75, 77, 101
and adaptation, 102
embeddedness of risk, 101
failure to adapt, 103
subcultures of coping, 103
Ring of Fire, 76
risk
and fear, 167
as a physical construct, 162
aspect of time, 40
concept of, 40
conceptual critiques, 41
contemporary acceptance of, 168
evaluation, 76
risk society, 80.1, 80.2 See also risk
Sahel
climatic shifts, 76
San Francisco earthquake of 1906, 54
SARS
and victimization, 138
Sartori, Giovanni, 71
scope of disasters, 25
Silent Revolution, 92
Singleton, John, 31
societal collapse
and moral decay, 142
definition, 142
environmental explanations, 144
transition and transformation, 145
Southern Africa
inequality and droughts, 99
Sri Lanka
tsunami in 2004, 131
St. Vincent
eruption of Mount Soufrière in 1812, 72
UNDRO (United Nations Disaster Relief Organization), 91
Vaughan, Megan, 88
Voltaire
and the Lisbon earthquake of 1755, 167
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