The Destruction of Cities in the Ancient Greek World Integrating the Archaeological and Literary Evidence
Book contents
- The Destruction of Cities in the Ancient Greek World
- The Destruction of Cities in the Ancient Greek World
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Preface
- One Introduction
- Two Destruction, Abandonment, Reoccupation
- Three Miletus after the Disaster of 494 B.C.
- Four The Persian Destruction of Athens
- Five The Carthaginian Conquest and Destruction of Selinus in 409 B.C.
- Six Ancient Methone (354 B.C.)
- Seven The Destruction of Cities in Northern Greece during the Classical and Hellenistic Periods
- Eight Eretria’s “Destructions” during the Hellenistic Period and Their Impact on the City’s Development
- Nine Rhodes Circa 227 B.C.
- Ten Destruction, Survival and Colonisation
- Eleven From the Destruction of Corinth to Colonia Laus Iulia Corinthiensis
- Twelve Sulla and the Siege of Athens
- Thirteen The Herulian Invasion in Athens (A.D. 267)
- Fourteen Epilogue
- Index
- References
Nine - Rhodes Circa 227 B.C.
Destruction and Recovery
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 September 2021
Book contents
- The Destruction of Cities in the Ancient Greek World
- The Destruction of Cities in the Ancient Greek World
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Preface
- One Introduction
- Two Destruction, Abandonment, Reoccupation
- Three Miletus after the Disaster of 494 B.C.
- Four The Persian Destruction of Athens
- Five The Carthaginian Conquest and Destruction of Selinus in 409 B.C.
- Six Ancient Methone (354 B.C.)
- Seven The Destruction of Cities in Northern Greece during the Classical and Hellenistic Periods
- Eight Eretria’s “Destructions” during the Hellenistic Period and Their Impact on the City’s Development
- Nine Rhodes Circa 227 B.C.
- Ten Destruction, Survival and Colonisation
- Eleven From the Destruction of Corinth to Colonia Laus Iulia Corinthiensis
- Twelve Sulla and the Siege of Athens
- Thirteen The Herulian Invasion in Athens (A.D. 267)
- Fourteen Epilogue
- Index
- References
Summary
The chapter analyzes the consequences of the earthquake that destroyed Rhodes in 227 B.C. and the “international” help, provided by Hellenistic kings, which contributed to the city’s spectacular recovery.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Destruction of Cities in the Ancient Greek WorldIntegrating the Archaeological and Literary Evidence, pp. 189 - 227Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021
References
Ambraseys, N. N. 2009. Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Angelakis, A. N., Antoniou, G., Voudouris, K., Kazakis, N., and Dalezios, N., 2012. “History of Floods in Greece: Causes and Measures for Protection,” in Changes of Flood Risk in Europe, ed. Kundzewicz, Z. W., International Association of Hydrological Sciences, Wallingford, pp. 238–256.Google Scholar
Aperghis, G. G. (M.). 2004. The Seleukid Royal Economy: The Finances and Financial Administration of the Seleukid Empire. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Ashton, R. H. J. 1986. “Rhodian Bronze Coinage and the Earthquake of 229–226 BC,” NC 146, pp. 1–17.Google Scholar
Ashton, R. H. J. 2001. “The Coinage of Rhodes 408–ca.190 B.C.,” in Money and Its Uses in the Ancient Greek World, ed. Meadows, A. and Shipton, K., Oxford, pp. 79–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashton, R. H. J. 2004. “Redating the Earliest Alexander Tetradrachms of Rhodes,” in R. Ashton and P. Kinns, Opuscula Anatolica III, NC 2004, pp. 71–107.Google Scholar
Badoud, N. 2015–2016. “Note sur trois inscriptions mentionnant des Rhodiens morts à la guerre. Contribution à l’étude des relations entre Rhodes et Rome à la fin du IVe s. av. J.-C.,” BCH 139–140, pp. 237–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badoud, N. 2015. Le temps de Rhodes: une chronologie des inscriptions de la cité fondée sur l’étude de ses institutions, Munich.Google Scholar
Badoud, N. 2019. “À propos d’un décret d’Argos pour les Rhodiens (ISE 40),” Mediterraneo antico 22, pp. 77–96.Google Scholar
Blackman, D. J. 1999. “Οι λιμένες της αρχαίας Ρόδου,” in Ρόδος 2.400 χρόνια. Η πόλη της Ρόδου από την Ιδρυσή της μέχρι την κατάληψη από τους Τούρκους (1523). Πρακτικά Διεθνούς Επιστημονικού Συνεδρίου, Ρόδος 24–29 Οκτωβρίου 1993, Α᾽, Athens, pp. 41–50.Google Scholar
Blackman, D. J., Knoblauch, P., and Yiannikouri, A.. 1996. “Die Schiffshäuser am Mandrakihafen in Rhodos,” AA, pp. 371–426.Google Scholar
Boehm, R. 2018. City and Empire in the Age of the Successors: Urbanization and Social Response in the Making of the Hellenistic Kingdoms, Oakland, CA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borsch, J. 2018. Erschütterte Welt: soziale Bewältigung von Erdbeben im östlichen Mittelmeerraum der Antike, Tübingen.Google Scholar
Bouras, C. 2014. “On the Urbanism of Roman Harbours. The Evolution of Space Organization in Harbours of the Aegean Sea,” in Ladstätter et al. 2014, pp. 669–682.Google Scholar
Bousquet, B. 2005. “Les séismes de l’Antiquité, entre nature et société,” in Jouanna et al. 2005, pp. 33–59.Google Scholar
Bresson, A. 1994. “L’attentat d’Hiéron et le commerce grec,” in Les échanges dans l’Antiquité: le rôle de l’État, ed. Briant, P., Descat, R., and Andreau, J., Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges, pp. 47–68.Google Scholar
Bresson, A. 1996. “Drachmes rhodiennes et imitations: une politique économique de Rhodes?” RÉA 98, pp. 65–77.Google Scholar
Bresson, A. 2007. “Rhodes, Rome et les pirates tyrrhéniens,” in Scripta Anatolica. Hommages à Pierre Debord, ed. Brun, P., Bordeaux, pp. 145–164.Google Scholar
Bresson, A. 2013. “Polybius and the Economy,” in Polybios und seine Historien, ed. Grieb, V. and Koehn, C., Stuttgart, pp. 269–284.Google Scholar
Bresson, A. 2018. “Flexible Interfaces of the Ancient Mediterranean World,” in The Emporion in the Ancient Western Mediterranean, ed. Gailledrat, É, Dietler, M., and Plana-Mallart, R., Montpellier, pp. 35–46.Google Scholar
Bringmann, K. 2001. “Grain, Timber and Money: Hellenistic Kings, Finance, Buildings and Foundations in Greek Cities,” in Hellenistic Economies, ed. Archibald, Z. H., Davies, J. K., Gabrielsen, V., and Oliver, G. J., London and New York, pp. 205–214.Google Scholar
Bringmann, K., and von Steuben, H., eds. 1995. Schenkungen hellenistischer Herrscher an griechische Städte und Heiligtümer, vol. 1, Berlin.Google Scholar
Callataÿ, F. de. 2019. “Apparition, utilisation et disparition de l’or monnayé au nom d’Alexandre le Grand: une monétisation massive sans croissance économique?” in Les alexandres après Alexandre: histoire d’une monnaie commune, ed. Kremydi, S. and Marcellesi, M.-C., Athens, pp. 207–248.Google Scholar
Caneva, S. G. 2012. “Queens and Ruler Cults in Early Hellenism Festivals, Administration, and Ideology,” Kernos 25, pp. 75–101.Google Scholar
Cataudella, M. R. 1998. “Polibio (5,88–90) e il terremoto di Rodi,” in Olshausen and Sonnabend 1998, pp. 190–197.Google Scholar
Chaniotis, A. 2005. War in the Hellenistic World: A Social and Cultural History, Malden, MA.Google Scholar
Chankowski, V. 2019. Parasites du Dieu. Comptables, financiers et commerçants dans la Délos hellénistique, Athens.Google Scholar
Durvye, C., and Moretti, J.‑C.. 2020. “Θεατροειδής. De la comparaison architecturale à la métaphore spectaculaire,” in Dire la ville en grec aux époques antique et byzantine, ed. Lopez-Rabatel, L., Mathé, V., and Moretti, J.‑C., Lyon, pp. 113–132.Google Scholar
Duyrat, F., and Olivier, J. 2010. “Deux politiques de l’or. Séleucides et Lagides au IIIe siècle avant J.-C.,” RN 166, pp. 71–93.Google Scholar
Ellis-Evans, A. 2013. “The Ideology of Public Subscriptions,” in Epigraphic Approaches to the Post-Classical Polis: Fourth Century BC to Second Century A.D., ed. Martzavou, P. and Papazarkadas, N., Oxford, pp. 107–125.Google Scholar
Fachard, S., Murray, S. C., Knodell, A. R. and Papangeli, K.. 2020. “The Fortress of Eleutherai: New Insights from Survey, Architecture, and Epigraphy,” Hesperia 89, pp. 475–549.Google Scholar
Faucherre, N., and Pimouguet-Pédarros, I., eds. 2010. Les sièges de Rhodes de l’Antiquité à la période moderne, Rennes.Google Scholar
Filimonos, M., and Patsiada, V.. 2018. “ …. οὔσης τῆς πόλεως θεατροειδοῦς …. Αncient Testimonies and Excavation Finds from Rhodos,” in Theatroeideis. L’immagine della città, la città delle immagini, ed. Livadiotti, M., Belli Pasqua, R., Caliò, L. M., and Martines, G., Rome, pp. 67–88.Google Scholar
Gabrielsen, V. 1994. Financing the Athenian Fleet: Public Taxation and Social Relations, Baltimore.Google Scholar
Garnsey, P. 1988. Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World: Responses to Risk and Crisis. Cambridge and New York.Google Scholar
Gauthier, P. 1987. “Nouvelles récoltes et grain nouveau: à propos d’une inscription de Gazôros,” BCH 111, pp. 413–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grabowski, T. 2018. “Diplomacy of Attalus I in Asia Minor, 241–216 BC,” Electrum 25, pp. 13–26.Google Scholar
Hall, J., Aksu, A. E., Elitez, I., Yaltırak, C., and Çifçic, G.. 2014. “The Fethiye–Burdur Fault Zone: A Component of Upper Plate Extension of the Subduction Transform Edge Propagator Fault Linking Hellenic and Cyprus Arcs, Eastern Mediterranean,” Tectonophysics 635, pp. 80–99.Google Scholar
Harris, E. M. 2020. “The Rule of Law and Economic Growth in Ancient Greece,” in The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Law, ed. Harris, E. M. and Canevaro, M., Oxford, online publication.Google Scholar
Hellmann, M.-C. 1999. Choix d’inscriptions architecturales grecques traduites et commentées, Lyon.Google Scholar
Holleaux, M. 1923. “Polybe et le tremblement de terre de Rhodes,” RÉG 36, pp. 480–498 (= Études d’épigraphie et d’histoire grecques, I, Paris, 1938, pp. 445–462).Google Scholar
Howell, A., Jackson, J., England, P., Higham, T. and Synolakis, C.. 2015. “Late Holocene Uplift of Rhodes, Greece: Evidence for a Large Tsunamigenic Earthquake and the Implications for the Tectonics of the Eastern Hellenic Trench System,” Geophys J Int 203, pp. 459–474.Google Scholar
Iossif, P. P. 2012. “Les ‘cornes’ des Séleucides: vers une divinisation ‘discrète’,” CahÉtAnc 49, pp. 43–147.Google Scholar
Iossif, P. P. 2015. “Who’s Wealthier? An Estimation of the Annual Coin Production of the Seleucids and the Ptolemies,” RBN 161, pp. 233–272.Google Scholar
Jouanna, J., Leclant, J., and Zink, M., eds., 2005. L’homme face aux calamités naturelles dans l’Antiquité et au Moyen âge, Colloque de la Villa Kérylos 16, Paris.Google Scholar
Kalliontzis, Y., and Papazarkadas, N.. 2019. “The Contributions to the Refoundation of Thebes: A New Epigraphic and Historical Analysis,” BSA 114, pp. 293–315.Google Scholar
Kobes, J. 1993. Rhodos und das Erdbeben von 227,” Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 12.1, 1–26.Google Scholar
Konstantinopoulos, J. 1967. “Ροδιακά ΙΙ: Πύργοι της ελληνιστικής ροδιακής οχυρώσεως,” AE, pp. 115–128.Google Scholar
Kontorini, V. N., and Migeotte, L.. 1995. “Λογεία τᾶς διδραχμίας à Rhodes,” BCH 119, pp. 621–628.Google Scholar
Konuk, K. 2018. “Eurômos: Rapport préliminaire sur les travaux réalisés en 2017. Les inscriptions,” Anatolia Antiqua 26, pp. 190–191.Google Scholar
Ladstätter, S., Pirson, F. and Schmidts, T., eds. 2014. Harbors and Harbor Cities in the Eastern Mediterranean, Byzas 19, Istanbul.Google Scholar
Laronde, A. 2005. “Séisme et diplomatie: Rhodes en 228 av. J.-C.,” in Jouanna et al. 2005, pp. 61–71.Google Scholar
Low, P. 2007. Interstate Relations in Classical Greece: Morality and Power, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Ma, J. 2003. “Peer Polity Interaction in the Hellenistic Age,” PastPres 180, pp. 7–38.Google Scholar
Mack, W. 2015. Proxeny and Polis. Institutional Networks in the Ancient Greek World, Oxford.Google Scholar
Malay, H., and Ricl, M., 2017. “Two New Early-Hellenistic Inscriptions from Aiolis and Karia,” ZivaAnt 67, pp. 31–38.Google Scholar
Manoussou-Ntella, K. 2016. “H ελληνιστική οχύρωση του ανατολικού μόλου του Μεγάλου λιμένα της πόλης της Ρόδου,” in Αρχιτέκτων. Τιμητικός τόμος για τον καθηγητή Μανόλη Κορρέ, ed. Zambas, K., Lambrinoudakis, B., Simantoni-Bournia, E., and Ohnesorg, A., Athens, pp. 499–506.Google Scholar
Mathé, V. 2017. “Le bois de construction en Grèce du IVe au IIIe siècle avant Jésus- Christ. Quelques considérations d’ordre économique,” Aedificare. Revue internationale d’histoire de la construction 1, pp. 45–62.Google Scholar
McGing, B. C. 1986. The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus, Leiden.Google Scholar
Meißner, B. 2004. “Kriege – Krisen – Katastrophen. Stadtzerstörung und Stadterneuerung in der griechischen Antike,” in Städte aus Trümmern. Katastrophenbewältigung zwischen Antike und Moderne, ed. Ranft, A. and Selzer, S., Göttingen, pp. 26–53.Google Scholar
Migeotte, L. 1992. Les souscriptions publiques dans les cités grecques, Geneva and Quebec.Google Scholar
Migeotte, L. 2000. “Les dépenses militaires des cités grecques: essai de typologie,” in Entretiens d’archéologie et d’histoire. Économie antique. La guerre dans les économies antiques, ed. Andreau, J., Briant, P. and Descat, R., St-Bertrand-de-Comminges, pp. 145–176 (= L. Migeotte, Économie et finances publiques des cités grecques, vol. 1. Lyon 2011, pp. 261–294).Google Scholar
Migeotte, L. 2009. The Economy of the Greek Cities: From the Archaic Period to the Early Roman Empire, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Müller, C. 2011. “Autopsy of a Crisis: Wealth, Protogenes, and the City of Olbia in 200 BC,” in The Economies of Hellenistic Societies, Third to First Centuries BC, ed. Archibald, Z., Davies, J. K. and Gabrielsen, V., Oxford and New York, pp. 324–344.Google Scholar
Nantet, E. 2016. Phortia. Le tonnage des navires de commerce en Méditerranée du VIIIe siècle av. l’ère chrétienne au VIIe de l’ère chrétienne. Rennes.Google Scholar
Oliver, G. J. 2007. War, Food, and Politics in Early Hellenistic Athens, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olshausen, E., and Sonnabend, H., eds. 1998. Naturkatastrophen in der Antiken Welt, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Panessa, G. 1991. Fonti greche et latine per la storia dell’ ambiente e del clima nel mondo Greco, Pisa.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, G. A., Daskalaki, E., Fokaefs, A., Giraleas, N.. 2007. “Tsunami Hazards in the Eastern Mediterranean: Strong Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the East Hellenic Arc and Trench System,” Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union 7.1, pp. 57–64.Google Scholar
Pimouguet-Pédarros, I. 2011. La Cité à l’épreuve des rois: le siège de Rhodes par Démétrios Poliorcète, 305–304 av. J.-C., Rennes.Google Scholar
Rathbone, D. and von Reden, S., 2015. “Mediterranean Grain Prices in Classical Antiquity,” in A History of Market Performance. From Ancient Babylonia to the Modern World, ed. van der Spek, R., van Leeuwen, B., and van Zanden, J. L., London, pp. 149–235.Google Scholar
Rigsby, K. J. 1996. Asylia: Territorial Inviolability in the Hellenistic World, Berkeley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rostovtzeff, M. 1922. A Large Estate in Egypt in the Third Century B.C. A Study in Economic History, Madison.Google Scholar
Rousset., D. 2004–2005. “Épigraphie grecque et géographie du monde hellénistique,” Livret-annuaire EPHE 20, pp. 114–118.Google Scholar
Saprykin, S. 1996. Понтийское царство. Государство греков и варваров в Причерноморье. Moscow.Google Scholar
Savalli-Lestrade, I. 1994. “Il ruolo pubblico delle regine ellenistiche,” in Alessandri, S., ed., Historie: studi offerti dagli allievi a Giuseppe Nenci in occasione del suo settantesimo compleanno, Galatina, pp. 415–432.Google Scholar
Savalli-Lestrade, I. 2003. “La place des reines à la cour et dans le royaume à l’époque hellénistique,” in Les femmes antiques entre sphère privée et sphère publique, ed. Frei-Stolba, R., Bielman, A., and Bianchi, O., Bern, pp. 59–76.Google Scholar
Sirano, F. 2011. “Onde anomale in Grecia. Riflessioni sul fenomeno culturale e archeologico,” in Dopo lo tsunami. Salerno antica, Catalogo della mostra (Salerno, 18 novembre 2011–28 febbraio 2012), Naples, pp. 84–93.Google Scholar
Sonnabend, H. 1999. Naturkatastrophen in der Antike: Wahrnehmung, Deutung, Management, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Stiros, S., Papageorgiou, S., Kontogianni, V., and Psimoulis, P.. 2006. “Church Repair Swarms and Earthquakes in Rhodes Island, Greece,” Journal of Seismology 10, pp. 527–537.Google Scholar
Stroud, R. S. 1984. “An Argive Decree from Nemea Concerning Aspendos,” Hesperia 5, pp. 193–216.Google Scholar
Thély, L. 2016. Les Grecs face aux catastrophes naturelles: Savoirs, histoire, mémoire, Athens.Google Scholar
Treister, M. Y. 1995. The Role of Metal in the Ancient Greek History. Leiden and New York.Google Scholar
Velissaropoulos, J. 1980. Les nauclères grecs. Recherches sur les institutions maritimes en Grèce et dans l’Orient hellénisé, Geneva and Paris.Google Scholar
Van Bremen, R. 2004. “Leon Son of Chrysaor and the Religious Identity of Stratonikeia in Caria,” in The Greco-Roman East, Politics, Culture, Society, ed. Colvin, S., Cambridge, pp. 207–244.Google Scholar
Van Bremen, R. 2007. “Networks of Rhodians in Karia,” Mediterranean Historical Review 22, pp. 113–132.Google Scholar
Van Bremen, R. 2008. “La communauté de Panamara entre Rhodes et Stratonicée de Carie: autour de la date d’un décret des Panamaréens conservé dans le Fonds Louis Robert,” CRAI, pp. 1405–1420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Bremen, R. 2016. “Olympichos and Mylasa: A New Inscription from the Temple of Zeus Osogō?” EpigrAnat 49, pp. 1–26.Google Scholar
van der Spek, R. J. 1993. “New Evidence on Seleucid Land Policy,” in De Agricultura: In Memoriam Pieter Willem de Neeve, ed. H. Sancisi-Weerdenburg et al., pp. 61–77.Google Scholar
Vedder, U. 2015. Der Koloss von Rhodos: Archäologie, Herstellung und Rezeptionsgeschichte eines antiken Weltwunders, Mainz.Google Scholar
Veligianni, C. 1983. “Ein hellenistisches Ehrendekret aus Gazoros (Ostmakedonien),” ZPE 51, pp. 105–114.Google Scholar
Wallenfels, R., and van der Spek, R. J. 2014. “Copy of Record of Entitlement and Exemptions to Formerly Royal Lands,” in The Ebabbar Temple Archive and Other Texts from the Fourth to the First Millennium B.C., ed. Spar, I. and Jursa, M., Cuneiform texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, vol. 4, New York, no. 148, pp. 213–227.Google Scholar
Whitehead, D. 2016. Philo Mechanicus: On Sieges. Translated with Introduction and Commentary, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Wiemer, H.-U. 2001. Rhodische Traditionen in der hellenistischen Historiographie, Frankfurt am Main.Google Scholar
Wiemer, H.-U. 2002. Krieg, Handel und Piraterie: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des hellenistischen Rhodos, Berlin.Google Scholar
Will, É. 1979–1982. Histoire politique du monde hellénistique, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Paris.Google Scholar
- 3
- Cited by