This chapter outlines a conceptual framework for how de facto international prosecutors implicitly or explicitly conceptualise international criminal law. As reflected in the previous chapters, de facto international prosecutors represent a broad array of experiences, knowledge and expertise. They include private non-State actors, particularly witnesses and victims of core crimes, but also human rights advocates, investigators, analysts and international prosecutors with previous experience on international criminal tribunals, amongst others. Indeed, as described in Chapter 1, they can also share more than one identity: they can be a witness and victim of core international crimes, as well as a practitioner of international criminal justice. De facto international prosecutors also include State legal officials in foreign courts, such as police, public prosecutors, and judges. All have adopted some or all of the practices or tasks of the offices of international prosecutors (Chapter 1).