Part II of this book dealt with the lawfulness of state-sponsored cyber operations. Chapters 5 and 6 analysed the circumstances in which cyber operations may constitute internationally wrongful acts by breaching the territorial sovereignty of a State, the principle of non-intervention, human rights or the prohibition on the use or threat of force, or even constitute an armed attack. Drawing on the findings of these chapters, Chapter 7 explained that in some specific circumstances the wrongfulness of cyber operations may be precluded, notably in the case of necessity. Finally, Chapter 8 analysed the principle of due diligence applied in the context of cyberspace.