Humans exhibit an impressive array of social behaviors. We engage in complex cooperative behavior, employ flexibility in social responses, and navigate large social groups effectively. These behaviors are made possible by more fundamental cognitive abilities including facial recognition, communication, storing and accessing concepts about social entities, and processing emotions. All of these abilities have at least part of their neural basis in the temporal lobe (e.g., Deen et al., 2015), one of the major divisions of the cerebral cortex (see Box 6.1). The remarkable human facility for cooperation – and indeed, great conflict – suggests there may be equally remarkable features of the human brain.