O’Hanlan, KA, Dibble, SL, Young-Spint, M. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy for female-to-male transsexuals. Obstet Gynecol 2007;110(5):1096–1101. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000286778.44943.5aGoogle Scholar

Chen, I, Nguyen, V, Hodge, M, et al. Surgical outcomes for transgender men undergoing hysterectomy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2020;42(1):25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2019.05.009Google Scholar

Kaiser, C, Stoll, I, Ataseven, B, et al. Vaginal hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy for female to male transsexuals in an interdisciplinary concept. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2011;43:240–245. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1267241CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Obedin-Maliver, J, Light, A, de Haan, G, Jackson, RA. Feasibility of vaginal hysterectomy for female-to-male transgender men. Obstet Gynecol 2017;129(3):457–463. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000001866CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Marfori, CQ, Wu, CZ, Katler, Q, et al. Hysterectomy for the transgendered male: review of perioperative considerations and surgical techniques with description of a novel 2-port laparoscopic approach. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019;25(7):1149–1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2017.09.008CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gardella, B, Dominoni, M, Bogliolo, S, Spinillo, A. Surgical outcome for robotic‐assisted single‐site hysterectomy (RSSH) in female‐to-male reassignment compared to its use in benign gynecological disease: a single center experience. J Robotic Surg 2020. Epub ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-020-01143-xGoogle Scholar

Lee, YL, Hsu, TF, Jiang, LY, et al. Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for female-to-male transgender men. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019;26(1):135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2018.04.022Google Scholar

Lawrie, TA, Liu, H, Lu, D, et al. Robot-assisted surgery in gynaecology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019;4(4):CD011422. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011422.pub2Google Scholar

AAGL. AAGL practice report: practice guidelines for laparoscopic subtotal/supracervical hysterectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014;21(1):9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2013.08.001.Google Scholar

Jeftovic, M, Stojanovic, B, Bizic, M, et al. Hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in female-to-male gender affirmation surgery: comparison of two methods. Biomed Res Int 2018. eCollection. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3472471Google Scholar

Bretschneider, CE, Sheyn, D, Pollard, R, Ferrando, CA. Complication rates and outcomes after hysterectomy in transgender men. Obstet Gynecol 2018;132(5):1265–1273. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002936CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Goldstein, Z, Corneil, TA, Greene, DN. When gender identity doesn’t equal sex recorded at birth: the role of the laboratory in providing effective healthcare to the transgender community. Clin Chem 2017;63(8):1342–1352. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2016.258780Google Scholar

Tollinche, LE, Walters, CB, Radix, A, et al. The perioperative care of the transgender patient. Anesth Analg 2018;127(2):359–366. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000003371Google Scholar

Unger, CA. Hormone therapy for transgender patients. Transl Androl Urol 2016;5(6):877–884. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2016.09.04CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Seal, LJ. A review of the physical and metabolic effects of cross-sex hormonal therapy in the treatment of gender dysphoria. Ann Clin Biochem 2016;53:10–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004563215587763CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Boskey, ER, Taghinia, AH, Ganor, O. Association of surgical risk with exogenous hormone use in transgender patients: a systematic review. JAMA Surg 2019;154(2):159–169. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2018.4598CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Argalious, MY, You, J, Mao, G, et al. Association of testosterone replacement therapy and the incidence of a composite of postoperative in-hospital mortality and cardiovascular events in men undergoing noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 2017;127(3):457–465. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000001757Google Scholar

Lethaby, A, Puscasiu, L, Vollenhoven, B. Preoperative medical therapy before surgery for uterine fibroids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;11(11):CD000547. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000547.pub2Google Scholar

Deligdisch, L, Hirschmann, S, Altchek, A. Pathologic changes in gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist analogue treated uterine leiomyomata. Fertil Steril 1997;67(5):837–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(97)81394-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Canner, JK, Harfouch, O, Kodadek, LM, et al. Temporal trends in gender-affirming surgery among transgender patients in the United States. JAMA Surg 2018;153(7):609–616. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2017.6231CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ott, J, van Trotsenburg, M, Kaufmann, U, et al. Combined hysterectomy/salpingo-oophorectomy and mastectomy is a safe and valuable procedure for female-to-male transsexuals. J Sex Med 2010;7(6):2130–2138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01719.xGoogle Scholar

Ma, IT, Gray, RJ, Wasif, N, et al. Outcomes of concurrent breast and gynecologic risk reduction surgery. Ann Surg Oncol 2017;24(1):77–83. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5479-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mayrhofer, D, Ott, J, Wenzl, R, et al. Combined hysterectomy/salpingo-oophorectomy and mastectomy for female-to-male transgender persons: a retrospective update. J Europ Gyn Obstet 2021;3(2):108–112.Google Scholar

Gomes da Costa, A, Valentim-Lourenço, A, Santos-Ribeiro, S, et al. Laparoscopic vaginal-assisted hysterectomy with complete vaginectomy for female-to-male genital reassignment surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016;23(3):404–409. https://doi.org10.1016/j.jmig.2015.12.014Google Scholar

Al-Tamimi, M, Pigot, GL, van der Sluis, WB, et al. Colpectomy significantly reduces the risk of urethral fistula formation after urethral lengthening in transgender men undergoing genital gender affirming surgery. J Urol 2018;200(6):1315–1322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.07.037CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

FitzGerald, MP, Richter, HE, Siddique, S, Thompson, P, Zyczynski, H, Ann Weber for the Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Colpocleisis: a review. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2006;17(3):261–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-005-1339-9Google Scholar

Nikolavsky, D, Yamaguchi, Y, Levine, JP, Zhao, LC. Urologic sequelae following phalloplasty in transgendered patients. Urol Clin North Am 2017;44(1):113–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2016.08.006Google Scholar

Ha, B, Weiss, E, Stram, D, Morrill, MY. Differences in morbidity and surgical outcomes for concomitant hysterectomy versus staged hysterectomy and gender affirmation surgery in transgender men. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2020;26(105):10653.Google Scholar

Stojanovic, B, Bizic, M, Bencic, M, et al. One-stage gender-confirmation surgery as a viable surgical procedure for female-to-male transsexuals. J Sex Med 2017;14(5):741–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.03.256CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Frey, JD, Poudrier, G, Chiodo, MV, Hazen, A. An update on genital reconstruction options for the female-to-male transgender patient: a review of the literature. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017;139(3):728–737. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000003062CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Neligan, P, Warren, RJ, Van Beek, A, Eds. Plastic Surgery. London: Elsevier Saunders, 2013.Google Scholar

Massie, JP, Morrison, SD, Wilson, SC, Crane, CN, Chen, ML. Phalloplasty with urethral lengthening: addition of a vascularized bulbospongiosus flap from vaginectomy reduces postoperative urethral complications. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017;140(4):551e–558e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000003697Google Scholar

Fruhauf, TF, Martin, S. The association between testosterone therapy and postoperative complications among transmen undergoing gender affirming hysterectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020;27(7):S111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2020.08.171CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Torre, LA, Trabert, B, DeSantis, CE, et al. Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68(4):284–296. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21456CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lheureux, S, Gourley, C, Vergote, I, Oza, AM. Epithelial ovarian cancer. Lancet 2019;393(10177):1240–1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32552-2Google Scholar

Menon, U, Karpinskyj, C, Gentry-Maharaj, A. Ovarian cancer prevention and screening. Obstet Gynecol 2018;131(5):909–927. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002580CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fathalla, MF. Ovarian cancer of tubal origin, incessant ovulation and implications for clinical practice. Am J Clin Exp Obs Gynecol 2015;2(3):130–135.Google Scholar

Piek, JMM, van Diest, PJJ, Zweemer, RPP, Kenemans, P, Verheijen, RHH. Tubal ligation and risk of ovarian cancer. Lancet 2001;358(9284):844. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05992-XGoogle Scholar

Soong, TR, Howitt, BE, Horowitz, N, Nucci, MR, Crum, CP. The fallopian tube, “precursor escape” and narrowing the knowledge gap to the origins of high-grade serous carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2019;152(2):426–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.11.033CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Piek, JMJ, Kenemans, P, Verheijen, RHM. Intraperitoneal serous adenocarcinoma: a critical appraisal of three hypotheses on its cause. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191(3):718–732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.02.067Google Scholar

Crum, CP, McKeon, FD, Xian, W. The oviduct and ovarian cancer: causality, clinical implications, and “targeted prevention.” Clin Obstet Gynecol 2012;55(1):24–35. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824b1725Google Scholar

Piek, JMJ. From paradigm shift towards ovarian cancer prevention. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2017;124(2):314–320. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14278Google Scholar

Piek, JMJMJ, Verheijen, RHMHM, Menko, FHH, et al. Expression of differentiation and proliferation related proteins in epithelium of prophylactically removed ovaries from women with a hereditary female adnexal cancer predisposition. Histopathology 2003;43(1):26–32. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01654.xGoogle Scholar

Soong, TR, Howitt, BE, Miron, A, et al. Evidence for lineage continuity between early serous proliferations (ESPs) in the Fallopian tube and disseminated high-grade serous carcinomas. J Pathol 2018;246(3):344–351. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.5145Google Scholar

Kuhn, E, Kurman, RJ, Vang, R, et al. TP53 mutations in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma and concurrent pelvic high-grade serous carcinoma-evidence supporting the clonal relationship of the two lesions. J Pathol 2012;226(3):421–426. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.3023CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Labidi-Galy, SI, Papp, E, Hallberg, D, et al. High grade serous ovarian carcinomas originate in the fallopian tube. Nat Commun 2017;8(1):1093. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00962-1Google Scholar

Ducie, J, Dao, F, Considine, M, et al. Molecular analysis of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma with and without associated serous tubal intra-epithelial carcinoma. Nat Commun 2017;8(1):990. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01217-9Google Scholar

Eckert, MA, Pan, S, Hernandez, KM, et al. Genomics of ovarian cancer progression reveals diverse metastatic trajectories including intraepithelial metastasis to the fallopian tube. Cancer Discov 2016;6(12):1342–1351. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-16-0607Google Scholar

Madsen, C, Baandrup, L, Dehlendorff, C, Kjaer, SK. Tubal ligation and salpingectomy and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer and borderline ovarian tumors: a nationwide case-control study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2015;94(1):86–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12516Google Scholar

Falconer, H, Yin, L, Gronberg, H, Altman, D. Ovarian cancer risk after salpingectomy: a nationwide population-based study. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 2015;107(2):dju410-dju410. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dju410CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Vermeulen, RFM, Beurden, M van, Korse, CM, Kenter, GG. Impact of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in premenopausal women. Climacteric 2017;20(3):212–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2017.1285879Google Scholar

Madalinska, JB, Van Beurden, M, Bleiker, EMA, et al. The impact of hormone replacement therapy on menopausal symptoms in younger high-risk women after prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(22):3576–3582. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.05.1896Google Scholar

van Lieshout, LAM, Steenbeek, MP, De Hullu, JA, et al. Hysterectomy with salpingectomy versus hysterectomy alone. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;2017(11):CD012858. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012858Google Scholar

Hehenkamp, WJK, Volkers, N, Broekmans, FJM, et al. Loss of ovarian reserve after uterine artery embolization: a randomized comparison with hysterectomy. Hum Reprod 2007;22(7):1996–2005. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem105Google Scholar

Choi, HG, Jung, YJ, Lee, SW. Increased risk of osteoporosis with hysterectomy: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;220(6):573.e1–573.e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.02.018Google Scholar

Laughlin-Tommaso, SK, Khan, Z, Weaver, AL, et al. Cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity after hysterectomy with ovarian conservation: a cohort study. Menopause 2018;25(5):483–492. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001043Google Scholar

Steenbeek, MP, van Lieshout, LAM, Aarts, JWM, et al. Factors influencing decision-making around opportunistic salpingectomy: a nationwide survey. J Gynecol Oncol 2019;30(1):e2. https://doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2019.30.e2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

van Lieshout, LAM, Gelderblom, ME,, de Hullu, JA, et al. Primary prevention of ovarian cancer: a patient decision aid for opportunistic salpingectomy. AJOG 2022;226(2):234 E1–234 E14Google Scholar

Al-Tamimi, M, Pigot, GL, van der Sluis, WB, et al. Colpectomy significantly reduces the risk of urethral fistula formation after urethral lengthening in transgender men undergoing genital gender-affirming surgery. J Urol 2018;200(6):1315–1322.Google Scholar

Chesson, RR, Gilbert, DA, Jordan, GH, et al. The role of colpocleisis with urethral lengthening in transsexual phalloplasty. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175(6):1443–1449; discussion 1449–1450.Google Scholar

Massie, JP, Morrison, SD, Wilson, SC, et al. Phalloplasty with urethral lengthening: addition of a vascularized bulbospongiosus flap from vaginectomy reduces postoperative urethral complications. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017;140(4):551e–558e.Google Scholar

Horng, HC, Chang, W-H, Yeh, C-C, et al. Estrogen effects on wound healing. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18(11):2325.Google Scholar

Stojanovic, B, Bizic, M, Bencic, M, et al. One-stage gender-confirmation surgery as a viable surgical procedure for female-to-male transsexuals. J Sex Med 2017;14(5):741–746.Google Scholar

Hougen, HY, Shoureshi, PS, Sajadi, KP. Gender-affirming vaginectomy-transperineal approach. Urology 2020;144:263–265.Google Scholar

Hoffman, MS, Lockhart, JL, Greenwald, DP. Total removal of the normal non-prolapsed vagina. J Pelvic Surg 2002;8(2):89–94.Google Scholar

Medina, CA, Fein, LA, Salgado, CJ. Total vaginectomy and urethral lengthening at time of neourethral prelamination in transgender men. Int Urogynecol J 2018;29(10):1463–1468.Google Scholar

Nikkels, C, van Trotsenburg, M, Huirne, J, et al. Vaginal colpectomy in transgender men: a retrospective cohort study on surgical procedure and outcomes. J Sex Med 2019;16(6):924–933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hougen, HY, Dugi, DD, Berli, JU, et al. Outcomes of transperineal gender-affirming vaginectomy and colpocleisis. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2021;27(5):300–303.Google Scholar

Groenman, F, Nikkels, C, Huirne, J, et al. Robot-assisted laparoscopic colpectomy in female-to-male transgender patients: technique and outcomes of a prospective cohort study. Surg Endosc 2017;31(8):3363–3369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cohen, O, Stranix, J, Lee, Z, et al. Use of a split pedicled gracilis muscle flap in robotically assisted vaginectomy and urethral lengthening for phalloplasty: a novel technique for female-to-male genital reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020;145(6):1512–1515.Google Scholar

Gomes da Costa, A, Valentim-Lourenço, A, Santos-Ribeiro, S, et al. Laparoscopic vaginal-assisted hysterectomy with complete vaginectomy for female-to-male genital reassignment surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016;23(3):404–409.Google Scholar

Nikolavsky, D, Yamaguchi, Y, Lee, CZ, et al. Urologic sequelae following phalloplasty in transgendered patients. Urol Clin North Am 2017;44(1):113–125.Google Scholar

Dy, GW, Granieri, MA, Fu, BC, et al. Presenting complications to a reconstructive urologist after masculinizing genital reconstructive surgery. Urology 2019;132:202–206.Google Scholar

Cohen, OD, Dy, GW, Nolan, IT, et al. Robotic excision of vaginal remnant/urethral diverticulum for relief of urinary symptoms following phalloplasty in transgender men. Urology 2020;136:158–161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed