Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 May 2020
In addition to examination of occupational distribution among different caste groups in rural India in 2011–12, which was presented in Chapter 4, here we use another two rounds of data at All-India level to examine the persistence of caste inequality in the labour market over the last 30 years. Tables A3.1 and A3.2 present the occupational distribution among different caste groups in rural India in 1993–1994 and 2004–2005, respectively. Figure A3.1 illustrates the distribution of occupations among different caste groups in rural India from 1993 to 2012. Data from 1993 to 1994 (Table A3.1) does not disaggregate among the Brahmins, Forward Castes and OBCs, and therefore, only occupational distribution among SCs and STs and overall rural India is included in the graph. The graph demonstrates caste inequality in occupations has changed over time. For example, there has been an increase in the percentage of the SCs and STs engaged in salaried employment. In 1993–94, only 4.68 per cent of SC and 3.65 per cent of ST households in rural India primarily earned their income from salaried employment. In 2004–05, their percentage increased to 8.42 and 8.76 and in 2011–12 to 7.8 and 9.31, respectively. In sum, there has been a marginal decline in the relationship between caste and occupation in rural India, when we examine the occupational pattern of SCs and STs in rural India.
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