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Contents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2022

John Bell  and
François Lichère
John Bell
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
François Lichère
Affiliation:
Université Lyon III

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Chapter
Information
Contemporary French Administrative Law , pp. v - xii
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NC
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Contents

  1. Preface

  2. List of Abbreviations

  3. Table of Cases by Date

  4. Table of Cases by Name

  5. 1Introduction

    1. 1.1French Administrative Law in British Scholarship

    2. 1.2What Is ‘Droit administratif’?

    3. 1.3The Shaping of Droit administratif

    4. 1.4The Influence of French Constitutional Law

    5. 1.5The Influence of EU Law: French Administrative Law and the Supremacy of EU Law

    6. 1.6The Influence of the European Convention on Human Rights

    7. 1.7Reform of the Administration

    8. 1.8A Note about Case Citation

  6. 2The Institutional and Legal Context of Administrative Law

    1. 2.1The Central Organs of the State

      1. 2.1.1The Executive

      2. 2.1.2The Legislature

    2. 2.2The Local Organs of the State

      1. 2.2.1Regional Administration

      2. 2.2.2Département

      3. 2.2.3The Commune

      4. 2.2.4The Big Cities: Paris, Lyon, Marseille (PLM)

      5. 2.2.5The Prefect

    3. 2.3Elected Local Authorities

      1. 2.3.1Region

      2. 2.3.2Département

      3. 2.3.3The Commune

      4. 2.3.4The Big Cities: Paris, Lyon, Marseille

    4. 2.4Independent Administrative Authorities (AAIs)

      1. 2.4.1Regulation

      2. 2.4.2Decision

      3. 2.4.3Independence

    5. 2.5Défenseur(e) des droits

    6. 2.6Sources of Administrative Law

      1. 2.6.1The Constitution

      2. 2.6.2Codes and Legislation

      3. 2.6.3EU Law

      4. 2.6.4European Convention on Human Rights

      5. 2.6.5General Principles of Law

      6. 2.6.6Case Law (La jurisprudence)

      7. 2.6.7Legal Scholarship (La doctrine)

    7. 2.7Conclusion

  7. 3Courts and Judges

    1. 3.1Historical Context

    2. 3.2Administrative Courts

    3. 3.3General Courts

      1. 3.3.1Tribunaux administratifs

      2. 3.3.2Cours administratives d’appel

      3. 3.3.3Conseil d’Etat

        1. 3.3.3.1The Judicial Role

        2. 3.3.3.2The Consultative Role

        3. 3.3.3.3Section du rapport et des études

      4. 3.3.4Cour nationale du droit d’asile

      5. 3.3.5Cour des comptes and Other Financial Courts

      6. 3.3.6Other Administrative Courts

    4. 3.4Administrative Judges

      1. 3.4.1Corps of Judges of the Tribunaux administratifs and the Cours administratives d’appel

      2. 3.4.2Corps of the Conseil d’Etat

      3. 3.4.3Corps of Financial Judges

    5. 3.5Conclusion

  8. 4The Procedure for Making Claims against Public Authorities

    1. 4.1Principles of the Administrative Court Process

      1. 4.1.1The Right to Effective Redress (Le droit au recours)

      2. 4.1.2The Principle of Contradiction (Le principe du contradictoire)

      3. 4.1.3The Principle of Openness (Le principe de la publicité)

      4. 4.1.4The Principle of a Decision within a Reasonable Time (La durée raisonnable de la procédure)

      5. 4.1.5The Principle of the Written Nature of Proceedings (Le caractère principalement écrite de la procédure)

      6. 4.1.6The Principle of the Inquisitorial Character of Proceedings (Le caractère inquisitoire de la procédure)

      7. 4.1.7The Principle of Collegiality (Le principe de la collégialité)

    2. 4.2How Is a Claim Made?

      1. 4.2.1Prior Administrative Redress

      2. 4.2.2Alternative Dispute Resolution

      3. 4.2.3Obligatory Legal Representation

    3. 4.3Interim Measures (Le référé)

    4. 4.4The Investigation (L’instruction)

      1. 4.4.1Request for Information

      2. 4.4.2Expert Report (L’expertise)

      3. 4.4.3Site Visit (La visite des lieux)

      4. 4.4.4Witness Hearing (L’enquête)

      5. 4.4.5Amicus Curiae

    5. 4.5Rapporteur Public

    6. 4.6Preliminary References

    7. 4.7The Hearing

    8. 4.8The Deliberation

    9. 4.9Enforcement

    10. 4.10Conclusion

  9. 5The Distinction between Public Law and Private Law

    1. 5.1The Subject Matter of Litigation at the Constitutional Level

      1. 5.1.1Illegality

      2. 5.1.2Exceptions to the Separation of Administrative and Ordinary Judicial Authorities

        1. 5.1.2.1The Defence of Illegality before the Civil Courts

        2. 5.1.2.2Criminal Proceedings

        3. 5.1.2.3Protection of Civil Liberties and Private Property

        4. 5.1.2.4The Good Administration of Justice

        5. 5.1.2.5Legislative Exceptions

    2. 5.2Other Categories of Litigation

      1. 5.2.1Contracts and Commercial Activities

      2. 5.2.2Property

      3. 5.2.3Liability of Public Bodies

    3. 5.3Voie de fait

    4. 5.4Public Persons

    5. 5.5General Criteria for Identifying Public Law Matters

    6. 5.6Mechanisms for Handling Conflicts over Jurisdiction

      1. 5.6.1Positive Conflict

      2. 5.6.2Negative Conflict

      3. 5.6.3Preliminary Reference by a Court

      4. 5.6.4Conflict of Decisions

    7. 5.7Conclusion

  10. 6Judicial Review of Administrative Action: Procedure

    1. 6.1Who Can Challenge an Administrative Decision?

    2. 6.2What Kinds of Decisions Can Be Challenged?

      1. 6.2.1The Need for a Prior Decision

      2. 6.2.2Circulars and Soft Law

        1. 6.2.2.1Circulars

        2. 6.2.2.2Guidelines

        3. 6.2.2.3Other Soft Law and Information

      3. 6.2.3Internal Measures

      4. 6.2.4Actes de gouvernement

    3. 6.3Is Judicial Review Inappropriate?

    4. 6.4Time Limits

    5. 6.5Can Judicial Review Be Excluded?

    6. 6.6Remedies

      1. 6.6.1Nullity

        1. 6.6.1.1What Is the Effect of Nullity?

      2. 6.6.2Can Nullity Be Avoided?

      3. 6.6.3Injunctions (Injonctions)

      4. 6.6.4Declaratory Judgments

      5. 6.6.5Correcting a Decision

    7. 6.7Costs

    8. 6.8Penalties

    9. 6.9Conclusion

  11. 7Maintaining Legality: The Grounds of Review

    1. 7.1Grounds of Review

      1. 7.1.1Non-existence (Inexistence)

      2. 7.1.2Lack of Competence (Incompétence)

      3. 7.1.3Breach of an Essential Procedural Requirement (Vice de procédure et vice de forme)

      4. 7.1.4Abuse of Power (Détournement de pouvoir)

      5. 7.1.5Illegality

        1. 7.1.5.1Error of Fact

        2. 7.1.5.2Error of Law (Erreur de droit)

        3. 7.1.5.3Manifest Error in Evaluation (Erreur manifeste d’appréciation)

        4. 7.1.5.4Proportionality

        5. 7.1.5.5The Sliding Scale for Review

    2. 7.2Values Enforced through Judicial Review

    3. 7.3Fundamental Rights

      1. 7.3.1Constitutional Rights

      2. 7.3.2European Convention on Human Rights

      3. 7.3.3General Principles of Law

      4. 7.3.4Modern Emerging Principles

    4. 7.4Principles of Good Administration

      1. 7.4.1The Conduct of Public Officials

      2. 7.4.2Transparency and Data Protection

      3. 7.4.3The Handling of Requests from the Public

      4. 7.4.4Time Limits and Appeals

      5. 7.4.5Principles Governing the Decision Taken

      6. 7.4.6Legitimate Expectations and Legal Certainty

      7. 7.4.7Duty to Give Reasons

    5. 7.5Conclusion

  12. 8State Liability

    1. 8.1Introduction

    2. 8.2Theories of Liability

    3. 8.3Liability for Public Works (Responsabilité pour les travaux publics)

    4. 8.4Fault Liability

      1. 8.4.1The Nature of Fault

      2. 8.4.2Faute de service

      3. 8.4.3Faute personnelle

      4. 8.4.4Faute simple and Faute lourde

      5. 8.4.5Fault and Unlawfulness

      6. 8.4.6Fault in Regulation

      7. 8.4.7Types of Fault

    5. 8.5No-Fault Liability

      1. 8.5.1Liability for Exceptional Risks

      2. 8.5.2Assistance to the Public Service

      3. 8.5.3Equality before Public Burdens

      4. 8.5.4Other No-Fault Compensation

    6. 8.6Controls on Liability

      1. 8.6.1Categories of Harm

      2. 8.6.2Causation

      3. 8.6.3Measure of Damages

    7. 8.7Conclusion

  13. 9Claims Relating to Public Contracts

    1. 9.1What is a Public Law Contract?

      1. 9.1.1Criteria Laid Down by Administrative Courts

        1. 9.1.1.1Criteria Linked to a Public Service Mission

        2. 9.1.1.2Criteria Based on a Clause Unusual in Private Law

      2. 9.1.2Criteria Laid Down by the Legislator

    2. 9.2Specific Rules Applicable to Public Law Contracts

      1. 9.2.1Rules Applicable to the Formation of the Contract

        1. 9.2.1.1Validity of the Contractual Consent

        2. 9.2.1.2Validity of the Contractual Content

      2. 9.2.2Rules Applicable to the Performance of the Contract

        1. 9.2.2.1Exceptions to the Binding Force of Contracts Benefiting Public Authorities

        2. 9.2.2.2Exceptions to the Binding Force of Contracts Benefiting Private Contractors

    3. 9.3Remedies for Public Law Contracts

      1. 9.3.1Remedies for Third Parties to Public Law Contracts

      2. 9.3.2Remedies for Parties to Public Law Contracts

    4. 9.4Concluding Remarks

  14. 10Conclusion

    1. 10.1Path Dependence

    2. 10.2The Constitutional Turn

    3. 10.3The European Environment

    4. 10.4Social Change

    5. 10.5Renvoi

  15. Index

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