Ayensu, E. S., Haywood, V. H., Lucas, G. L. & Defilipps, R. A. Our Green and Living World. The Wisdom to Save it (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1984)

Collar, N. J.Species are a measure of man's freedom: reflections after writing a Red Book on African Birds. Oryx 20 (1986), 15–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hambler, C. & Speight, M. R.Extinction rates in British nonmarine invertebrates since 1900. Conservation Biology 10 (1996), 892–896CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Master, L. L., Stein, B. A., Kutner, L. S. & Hammerson, G. A. Vanishing assets. Conservation status of US species. In: B. A. Stein, L. S. Kutner, & J. S. Adams (Eds.) Precious Heritage. The Status of Biodiversity in the United States (Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp. 93–118)

May, R. M., Lawton, J. H. & Stork, N. E. Assessing extinction rates. In: J. H. Lawton & R. M. May (Eds.) Extinction Rates (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995, pp. 1–24)

May, R. M. The dimensions of life on earth. In: P. H. Raven (Ed.) Nature and Human Society. The Quest for a Sustainable World (National Academy Press, Washington, 2000, pp. 30–45)

Posey, D. A. (Ed.) Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity (Intermediate Technology Publications & UNEP, London & Nairobi, 1999)

Bibby, C. J. et. al. Putting Biodiversity on the Map: Priority Areas for Global Conservation (ICBP, Cambridge, 1992)

BirdLife International Threatened Birds of the World (Lynx Editions and BirdLife International, Barcelona and Cambridge UK, 2000)

Ehrlich, P. The scale of the human enterprise and biodiversity loss. In: J. H. Lawton & R. M. May (Eds.) Extinction Rates (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995, pp. 214–226)

Goudie, A. S. The Human Impact on the Natural Environment, 5th edition (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2000)

Illius, A. W. & O'Connor, T. G.On the relevance of nonequilibrium concepts to arid and semiarid grazing systems. Ecological Applications 9 (1999), 798–813CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jackson, J. C. B.et al.Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293 (2001), 629–638CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Letourneau, D. K. & Burrows, B. E. (Eds.) Genetically Engineered Organisms: Assessing Environmental and Human Health Effects (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2001)

Martin, P. S. & Klein, R. G. Quaternary Extinctions (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1984)

McCarty, J. P.Ecological consequences of recent climate change. Conservation Biology 15 (2001), 320–331CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Peres, C. A.Effects of subsistence hunting on vertebrate community structure in Amazonian fragments. Conservation Biology 14 (2000), 240–253CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Spencer, T. E., Teleki, K. A., Bradshaw, C. & Spalding, M. D.Coral bleaching in the southern Seychelles during the 1997–1998 Indian Ocean warm event. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40 (2000), 569–586CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Spellerberg, I. F. Ecological Effects of Roads (Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, 2002)

Steadman, D. W.Prehistoric extinctions of Pacific island birds: biogeography meets zooarchaeology. Science 267 (1995), 1123–1131CrossRefGoogle Scholar

World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's Living Resources (Chapman and Hall, London, 1992)

Bibby, C. J. et al. (1992): see Chapter 2

Groombridge, B. & Jenkins, M. D. World Atlas of Biodiversity: Earth's Living Resources in the 21st Century (University of California Press, Berkeley, 2002)

Hunter, M. L. Jr. & Hutchinson, A.The virtues and shortcomings of parochialism: Conserving species that are locally rare but globally common. Conservation Biology 8 (1994), 1163–1165CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., Fonseca, G. A. B. & Kent, J.Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403 (2000), 853–858CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McNeely, J. A., Miller, K. R., Reid, W. V., Mittermeier, R. A. & Werner, T. B. Conserving the World's Biological Diversity (IUCN, Gland; WRI, CI, WWF-US, the World Bank, Washington, DC, 1990)

Ratcliffe, D. A. A Nature Conservation Review (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997)

Roberts, C. M.et al. Marine biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities for tropical reefs. Science 295 (2002), 1280–1284CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M. J., Long, A. J. & Wege, D. C. Endemic Bird Areas of the World. Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation (Birdlife Conservation Series no 7, BirdLife International, Cambridge, 1998)

Usher, M. B. Wildlife Conservation Evaluation (Chapman & Hall, London, 1986). (Out of print.)

Vane-Wright, R. I., Humphries, C. J. & Williams, P. H.What to protect? Systematics and the agony of choice. Biological Conservation 55 (1991), 235–254CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bibby, C. J., Burgess, N. D., Hill, D. A. & Mustoe, S. H. Bird Census Techniques, 2nd edition (Academic Press, London, 2000)

Henderson, P. A. Practical Methods in Ecology (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2003)

Krebs, C. J. Ecological Methodology, 2nd edition (Benjamin Cummins, Menlo, California, 1999)

McCarthy, J. J. et al. (Eds.) Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001)

McGavin, G. C. Insects and Other Terrestrial Invertebrates. Expedition Field Techniques (Expedition Advisory Centre. Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), London, 1997)

New, T. R. Invertebrate Surveys for Conservation (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998)

Ozanne, C. M. P.A comparison of the canopy arthropod communities of coniferous and broad-leaved trees in the United Kingdom. Selbyana 20 (1999), 290–298Google Scholar

Southwood, T. R. E. & Henderson, P. A. Ecological Methods (Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, 2000)

Spellerberg, I. F. Monitoring Ecological Change (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991)

Sutherland, W. J. (Ed.) Ecological Census Techniques: a Handbook (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996)

Sykes, J. M. & Lane, A. M. J. (Eds.) The United Kingdom Environmental Change Network: Protocols for Standard Measurements at Terrestrial Sites (CEH Monks Wood Publications, Monks Wood, Huntingdon, 1997)

Treweek, J. Ecological Impact Assessment (Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, 1999)

Beier, P. & Noss, R. F.Do habitat corridors provide connectivity?Conservation Biology 12 (1998), 1241–1252CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brooks, T. M.et al. Habitat loss and extinction in the hotspots of biodiversity. Conservation Biology 16 (2002), 909–923CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blake, J. G. & Karr, J. R.Species composition of bird communities and the conservation benefit of large versus small forests. Biological Conservation 30 (1984), 173–187CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Laurance, W. F., Vasconcelo, H. L. & Lovejoy, T. E.Forest loss and fragmentation in the Amazon: implications for wildlife conservation. Oryx 34 (1999), 39–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Laurance, W. F.Edge effects in tropical forest fragments: application of a model for the design of nature reserves. Biological Conservation 57 (1991), 205–219CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lovejoy, T. E. et al. Edge and other effects of isolation on Amazon forest fragments. In: M. E. Soulé (Ed.) Conservation Biology: the Science of Scarcity and Diversity (Sinauer Assoc. Inc., Mass., 1986, pp. 257–285)

Ozanne, C. M. P., Hambler, C., Foggo, A. & Speight, M. R. The significance of edge effects in the management of forests for invertebrate biodiversity. In: N. E. Stork, J. Adis & R. Didham (Eds.) Canopy Arthropods (Chapman & Hall, London, 1997, pp. 534–550)

Roberts, C. M., Bohnsack, J. A., Gell, F., Hawkins, J. P. & Goodridge, R.Effects of marine reserves on adjacent fisheries. Science 294 (2001), 1920–1923CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Samways, M. J. Insect Conservation Biology (Chapman & Hall, London, 1994)

Whitmore, T. C. An Introduction to Tropical Rain Forests, 2nd edition (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998)

Woodroffe, R. & Ginsberg, J. F.Edge effects and the extinction of populations inside protected areas. Science 280 (1998), 2126–2128CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

For accounts of individual threatened species see the Red Data Books (published by IUCN and BirdLife or ICBP), and the Red List (on the IUCN website). For ex situ conservation of animals, see The International Zoo Yearbook, published by The Zoological Society of London

Bowes, B. G. (Ed.) A Colour Atlas of Plant Propagation and Conservation (Manson Publishing Ltd, London, 1999)

Harrison, S. Metapopulations and conservation. In: P. J. Edwards, R. M. May & N. R. Webb (Eds.) Large Scale Ecology and Conservation. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1994, pp. 111–128

Lacy, R. C.Importance of genetic variation to the viability of mammalian populations. Journal of Mammology 78 (1997), 320–335CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lande, R.Mutation and conservation. Conservation Biology 9 (1995), 782–791CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gibson, C. W. D. & Brown, V. K.The nature and rate of development of calcareous grassland in southern Britain. Biological Conservation 58 (1991), 297–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gibson, C. W. D., Brown, V. K., Losito, L. & McGavin, G. C.The response of invertebrate assemblies to grazing. Ecography 15 (1992), 166–176CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hambler, C. & Speight, M. R.Biodiversity conservation in Britain: science replacing tradition. British Wildlife 6 (1995), 137–147Google Scholar

Krebs, C. Ecology: the Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance, 5th edition (Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, 2001)

Lande, R.Threshold harvesting for sustainability of fluctuating resources. Ecology 78 (1997), 1341–1350CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Milner-Gulland, E. J. & Mace, R. Conservation of Biological Resources (Blackwell Science, Oxford, 1998)

Southwood, T. R. E., Brown, V. K. & Reader, P. M.The relationships of plant and insect diversities in succession. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 12 (1979), 327–348CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Benstead, P. J., José, P. V., Joyce, C. B. & Wade, P. M. European Wet Grassland. Guidelines for Management and Restoration (RSPB, Sandy, 1999)

Gibson, C. W. D., Watt, T. A., & Brown, V. K.The use of sheep grazing to recreate species-rich grassland from abandoned arable land. Biological Conservation 42 (1987), 165–183CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Janzen, D. H. & Martin, P. S.Neotropical anachronisms: the fruits the Gomphotheres ate. Science 215 (1982), 19–27CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jordan III, W. R., Gilpin, M. E. & Aber, J. D. (Eds.) Restoration Ecology (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987)

Macdonald, D. W., Mace, G. M. & Rushton, S. British mammals: is there a radical future? In: A. Entwistle & N. Dunstone (Eds.) Priorities for the Conservation of Mammalian Diversity: Has the Panda had its Day? (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, pp. 175–205)

Maitland, P. S. & Morgan, N. C. Conservation and Management of Freshwater Habitats. Lakes, Rivers and Wetlands (Chapman & Hall, London, 1997)

Morris, M. G. The management of grassland for the conservation of invertebrate animals. In: E. Duffey & A. S. Watt (Eds.) The Scientific Management of Animal and Plant Communities for Conservation (Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1971, pp. 527–552)

Perrow, M. R. & Davy, A. J. (Eds.) Handbook of Ecological Restoration (2 vols.) (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002)

Alden Smith, E. & Wishnie, M.Conservation and subsistence in small-scale societies. Annual Review of Anthropology 29 (2000), 493–524CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brandon, K., Redford, K. H. & Sanderson, S. E. (Eds.) Parks in Peril: People, Politics and Protected Areas (Island Press, Washington, DC, 1998)

Costanza, R.et al. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387 (1997), 253–260CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dasgupta, P. S.The economics of the environment. Proceedings of the British Academy 90 (1996), 165–221Google Scholar

Ferraro, P. J. & Kiss, A.Direct payments to conserve biodiversity. Science 298 (2002), 1718–1719CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Glowka, L. et al. A Guide to the Convention on Biological Diversity (IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 1994)

Haywood, V. H. (Ed.) Global Biodiversity Assessment (UNEP: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995)

Milner-Gulland, E. J. & Mace, R. (1998): see Chapter 7

Simms, A. An Environmental War Economy. The Lessons of Ecological Debt and Climate Change (New Economics Foundation, London, 2001)

Western, D., Wright, R. M. & Strum, S. C. (Eds.) Natural Connections: Perspectives in Community-Based Conservation (Island Press, Washington, DC, 1994)

Ayensu, E. S., Haywood, V. H., Lucas, G. L. & Defilipps, R. A. Our Green and Living World. The Wisdom to Save it (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1984)

Collar, N. J.Species are a measure of man's freedom: reflections after writing a Red Book on African Birds. Oryx 20 (1986), 15–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hambler, C. & Speight, M. R.Extinction rates in British nonmarine invertebrates since 1900. Conservation Biology 10 (1996), 892–896CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Master, L. L., Stein, B. A., Kutner, L. S. & Hammerson, G. A. Vanishing assets. Conservation status of US species. In: B. A. Stein, L. S. Kutner, & J. S. Adams (Eds.) Precious Heritage. The Status of Biodiversity in the United States (Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp. 93–118)

May, R. M., Lawton, J. H. & Stork, N. E. Assessing extinction rates. In: J. H. Lawton & R. M. May (Eds.) Extinction Rates (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995, pp. 1–24)

May, R. M. The dimensions of life on earth. In: P. H. Raven (Ed.) Nature and Human Society. The Quest for a Sustainable World (National Academy Press, Washington, 2000, pp. 30–45)

Posey, D. A. (Ed.) Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity (Intermediate Technology Publications & UNEP, London & Nairobi, 1999)

Bibby, C. J. et. al. Putting Biodiversity on the Map: Priority Areas for Global Conservation (ICBP, Cambridge, 1992)

BirdLife International Threatened Birds of the World (Lynx Editions and BirdLife International, Barcelona and Cambridge UK, 2000)

Ehrlich, P. The scale of the human enterprise and biodiversity loss. In: J. H. Lawton & R. M. May (Eds.) Extinction Rates (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995, pp. 214–226)

Goudie, A. S. The Human Impact on the Natural Environment, 5th edition (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2000)

Illius, A. W. & O'Connor, T. G.On the relevance of nonequilibrium concepts to arid and semiarid grazing systems. Ecological Applications 9 (1999), 798–813CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jackson, J. C. B.et al.Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293 (2001), 629–638CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Letourneau, D. K. & Burrows, B. E. (Eds.) Genetically Engineered Organisms: Assessing Environmental and Human Health Effects (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2001)

Martin, P. S. & Klein, R. G. Quaternary Extinctions (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1984)

McCarty, J. P.Ecological consequences of recent climate change. Conservation Biology 15 (2001), 320–331CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Peres, C. A.Effects of subsistence hunting on vertebrate community structure in Amazonian fragments. Conservation Biology 14 (2000), 240–253CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Spencer, T. E., Teleki, K. A., Bradshaw, C. & Spalding, M. D.Coral bleaching in the southern Seychelles during the 1997–1998 Indian Ocean warm event. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40 (2000), 569–586CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Spellerberg, I. F. Ecological Effects of Roads (Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, 2002)

Steadman, D. W.Prehistoric extinctions of Pacific island birds: biogeography meets zooarchaeology. Science 267 (1995), 1123–1131CrossRefGoogle Scholar

World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's Living Resources (Chapman and Hall, London, 1992)

Bibby, C. J. et al. (1992): see Chapter 2

Groombridge, B. & Jenkins, M. D. World Atlas of Biodiversity: Earth's Living Resources in the 21st Century (University of California Press, Berkeley, 2002)

Hunter, M. L. Jr. & Hutchinson, A.The virtues and shortcomings of parochialism: Conserving species that are locally rare but globally common. Conservation Biology 8 (1994), 1163–1165CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., Fonseca, G. A. B. & Kent, J.Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403 (2000), 853–858CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McNeely, J. A., Miller, K. R., Reid, W. V., Mittermeier, R. A. & Werner, T. B. Conserving the World's Biological Diversity (IUCN, Gland; WRI, CI, WWF-US, the World Bank, Washington, DC, 1990)

Ratcliffe, D. A. A Nature Conservation Review (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997)

Roberts, C. M.et al. Marine biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities for tropical reefs. Science 295 (2002), 1280–1284CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M. J., Long, A. J. & Wege, D. C. Endemic Bird Areas of the World. Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation (Birdlife Conservation Series no 7, BirdLife International, Cambridge, 1998)

Usher, M. B. Wildlife Conservation Evaluation (Chapman & Hall, London, 1986). (Out of print.)

Vane-Wright, R. I., Humphries, C. J. & Williams, P. H.What to protect? Systematics and the agony of choice. Biological Conservation 55 (1991), 235–254CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bibby, C. J., Burgess, N. D., Hill, D. A. & Mustoe, S. H. Bird Census Techniques, 2nd edition (Academic Press, London, 2000)

Henderson, P. A. Practical Methods in Ecology (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2003)

Krebs, C. J. Ecological Methodology, 2nd edition (Benjamin Cummins, Menlo, California, 1999)

McCarthy, J. J. et al. (Eds.) Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001)

McGavin, G. C. Insects and Other Terrestrial Invertebrates. Expedition Field Techniques (Expedition Advisory Centre. Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), London, 1997)

New, T. R. Invertebrate Surveys for Conservation (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998)

Ozanne, C. M. P.A comparison of the canopy arthropod communities of coniferous and broad-leaved trees in the United Kingdom. Selbyana 20 (1999), 290–298Google Scholar

Southwood, T. R. E. & Henderson, P. A. Ecological Methods (Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, 2000)

Spellerberg, I. F. Monitoring Ecological Change (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991)

Sutherland, W. J. (Ed.) Ecological Census Techniques: a Handbook (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996)

Sykes, J. M. & Lane, A. M. J. (Eds.) The United Kingdom Environmental Change Network: Protocols for Standard Measurements at Terrestrial Sites (CEH Monks Wood Publications, Monks Wood, Huntingdon, 1997)

Treweek, J. Ecological Impact Assessment (Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, 1999)

Beier, P. & Noss, R. F.Do habitat corridors provide connectivity?Conservation Biology 12 (1998), 1241–1252CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brooks, T. M.et al. Habitat loss and extinction in the hotspots of biodiversity. Conservation Biology 16 (2002), 909–923CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blake, J. G. & Karr, J. R.Species composition of bird communities and the conservation benefit of large versus small forests. Biological Conservation 30 (1984), 173–187CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Laurance, W. F., Vasconcelo, H. L. & Lovejoy, T. E.Forest loss and fragmentation in the Amazon: implications for wildlife conservation. Oryx 34 (1999), 39–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Laurance, W. F.Edge effects in tropical forest fragments: application of a model for the design of nature reserves. Biological Conservation 57 (1991), 205–219CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lovejoy, T. E. et al. Edge and other effects of isolation on Amazon forest fragments. In: M. E. Soulé (Ed.) Conservation Biology: the Science of Scarcity and Diversity (Sinauer Assoc. Inc., Mass., 1986, pp. 257–285)

Ozanne, C. M. P., Hambler, C., Foggo, A. & Speight, M. R. The significance of edge effects in the management of forests for invertebrate biodiversity. In: N. E. Stork, J. Adis & R. Didham (Eds.) Canopy Arthropods (Chapman & Hall, London, 1997, pp. 534–550)

Roberts, C. M., Bohnsack, J. A., Gell, F., Hawkins, J. P. & Goodridge, R.Effects of marine reserves on adjacent fisheries. Science 294 (2001), 1920–1923CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Samways, M. J. Insect Conservation Biology (Chapman & Hall, London, 1994)

Whitmore, T. C. An Introduction to Tropical Rain Forests, 2nd edition (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998)

Woodroffe, R. & Ginsberg, J. F.Edge effects and the extinction of populations inside protected areas. Science 280 (1998), 2126–2128CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

For accounts of individual threatened species see the Red Data Books (published by IUCN and BirdLife or ICBP), and the Red List (on the IUCN website). For ex situ conservation of animals, see The International Zoo Yearbook, published by The Zoological Society of London

Bowes, B. G. (Ed.) A Colour Atlas of Plant Propagation and Conservation (Manson Publishing Ltd, London, 1999)

Harrison, S. Metapopulations and conservation. In: P. J. Edwards, R. M. May & N. R. Webb (Eds.) Large Scale Ecology and Conservation. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1994, pp. 111–128

Lacy, R. C.Importance of genetic variation to the viability of mammalian populations. Journal of Mammology 78 (1997), 320–335CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lande, R.Mutation and conservation. Conservation Biology 9 (1995), 782–791CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gibson, C. W. D. & Brown, V. K.The nature and rate of development of calcareous grassland in southern Britain. Biological Conservation 58 (1991), 297–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gibson, C. W. D., Brown, V. K., Losito, L. & McGavin, G. C.The response of invertebrate assemblies to grazing. Ecography 15 (1992), 166–176CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hambler, C. & Speight, M. R.Biodiversity conservation in Britain: science replacing tradition. British Wildlife 6 (1995), 137–147Google Scholar

Krebs, C. Ecology: the Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance, 5th edition (Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, 2001)

Lande, R.Threshold harvesting for sustainability of fluctuating resources. Ecology 78 (1997), 1341–1350CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Milner-Gulland, E. J. & Mace, R. Conservation of Biological Resources (Blackwell Science, Oxford, 1998)

Southwood, T. R. E., Brown, V. K. & Reader, P. M.The relationships of plant and insect diversities in succession. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 12 (1979), 327–348CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Benstead, P. J., José, P. V., Joyce, C. B. & Wade, P. M. European Wet Grassland. Guidelines for Management and Restoration (RSPB, Sandy, 1999)

Gibson, C. W. D., Watt, T. A., & Brown, V. K.The use of sheep grazing to recreate species-rich grassland from abandoned arable land. Biological Conservation 42 (1987), 165–183CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Janzen, D. H. & Martin, P. S.Neotropical anachronisms: the fruits the Gomphotheres ate. Science 215 (1982), 19–27CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jordan III, W. R., Gilpin, M. E. & Aber, J. D. (Eds.) Restoration Ecology (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987)

Macdonald, D. W., Mace, G. M. & Rushton, S. British mammals: is there a radical future? In: A. Entwistle & N. Dunstone (Eds.) Priorities for the Conservation of Mammalian Diversity: Has the Panda had its Day? (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, pp. 175–205)

Maitland, P. S. & Morgan, N. C. Conservation and Management of Freshwater Habitats. Lakes, Rivers and Wetlands (Chapman & Hall, London, 1997)

Morris, M. G. The management of grassland for the conservation of invertebrate animals. In: E. Duffey & A. S. Watt (Eds.) The Scientific Management of Animal and Plant Communities for Conservation (Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1971, pp. 527–552)

Perrow, M. R. & Davy, A. J. (Eds.) Handbook of Ecological Restoration (2 vols.) (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002)

Alden Smith, E. & Wishnie, M.Conservation and subsistence in small-scale societies. Annual Review of Anthropology 29 (2000), 493–524CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brandon, K., Redford, K. H. & Sanderson, S. E. (Eds.) Parks in Peril: People, Politics and Protected Areas (Island Press, Washington, DC, 1998)

Costanza, R.et al. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387 (1997), 253–260CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dasgupta, P. S.The economics of the environment. Proceedings of the British Academy 90 (1996), 165–221Google Scholar

Ferraro, P. J. & Kiss, A.Direct payments to conserve biodiversity. Science 298 (2002), 1718–1719CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Glowka, L. et al. A Guide to the Convention on Biological Diversity (IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 1994)

Haywood, V. H. (Ed.) Global Biodiversity Assessment (UNEP: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995)

Milner-Gulland, E. J. & Mace, R. (1998): see Chapter 7

Simms, A. An Environmental War Economy. The Lessons of Ecological Debt and Climate Change (New Economics Foundation, London, 2001)

Western, D., Wright, R. M. & Strum, S. C. (Eds.) Natural Connections: Perspectives in Community-Based Conservation (Island Press, Washington, DC, 1994)