Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 September 2021
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is unfortunately quite common, occurring in just under 1% of live births. With the continuing evolution of treatment modalities for patients with CHD, both in the cardiac operating rooms and cardiac catheterization suites, the survival of these patients has significantly improved, albeit with varying degrees of physiologic impairment and/or sequelae. In fact, the population of adults with CHD is growing at a rate of approximately 5% per year. Multiple studies have illustrated that children with CHD are at higher risk for perioperative cardiac arrest compared to the general population during anesthesia and surgery. Additionally, children with CHD also experience increased morbidity, mortality, and increased length of hospital stay.
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