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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 February 2022
As conquest accelerated, the French military commanders rewarded Mademba’s loyalty by appointing him to the political bureau and awarding him with appointments to the Legion of Honor, even as he continued to direct the work on telegraph construction. Mademba led African auxiliaries in military engagements to assist the French military and led auxiliaries in quashing African resistance to French conquest. With the capture of Segu in 1890, Colonel Archinard instituted his model of a revived African kingdom in the form of a protectorate through the appointment of Mari Jara as ruler of Segu. Within a few weeks, the French executed Mari Jara, which resulted in another wave of African rebellions. Archinard revised his model of indirect rule to appoint only trusted and loyal Africans to rulership positions, regardless of their legitimate claims to those positions. In 1890, he appointed Bojan as ruler of Segu and in 1891, he appointed Mademba ruler of the États of Sansanding and Dependencies, a new kingdom that had not existed before.
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