Law must not be confused with liturgy. It is not enough to enact and reiterate the law: to be meaningful, norms must be adhered to in reality. The nature of LOIAC is such that Belligerent Parties tend constantly to trade mutual accusations of breaches and worse. Absent effective modalities of supervision and dispute settlement, there is no way to guarantee a thorough implementation of LOIAC in violent clashes between States. No enforcement mechanism established thus far has been crowned with signal success. There is a growing acknowledgement of the need to prosecute and punish war criminals for serious breaches of LOIAC, especially since the establishment of the ICC. Yet, it is by no means certain that war crimes trials by themselves can put an end to LOIAC infractions. Debates about forging novel mechanisms, with a view to securing a more efficacious performance of LOIAC undertakings, are not likely to fade away in the foreseeable future.