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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 March 2023
In over a century and a half, about fifteen principalities and cities in the Low Countries, from Arras and Luxemburg in the south to Amsterdam and Groningen in the north were unified under one ruler. Burgundy and Franche-Comté in eastern France were also part of this new polity. Dynastic politics were the major factor in the state building. Princes of the French Valois dynasty started this process around 1400, and this evolution was completed by their German-Habsburg successors between 1520 and 1550. The Low Countries (and thus Belgium) became part of the huge Habsburg monarchy.
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