Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T11:22:54.531Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1 - Introduction to Digital Holography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2021

Peter Wai Ming Tsang
Peter Wai Ming Tsang
Affiliation:
City University of Hong Kong
Get access

Summary

The fundamental principles of optical holography for capturing the optical waves of physical objects, and its difference from photography, are described. A photograph can only record a single view of an object scene; a hologram is capable of capturing the entire optical wavefront that impinges on it. There should be little difference between observing a hologram and the physical object scene. Numerical generation of digital holograms, commonly known as computer-generated holography (CGH), is presented. Two important approaches in CGH, the point-based and the layer-based methods, are described. The point-based method is suitable for generating holograms of simple objects with a small number of object points; the layer-based method is preferred for an object scene with a large number of object points concentrated in a few depth planes. The method for recovering a 3-D scene image from a digital hologram is provided. Three different methods for capturing digital holograms of physical object scene are described. The first method is similar to the art of optical holography, but instead of a photographic film, a digital camera is used to record the holographic waves emitted from the scene. As a digital camera can only record intensity information, the method can only be employed to capture an off-axis, amplitude-only hologram. The other two methods, known as phase-shifting holography (PSH) and optical scanning holography (OSH), are capable of capturing both the magnitude and phase components of the holographic signals. PSH is faster in operation, while OSH can be used to capture holograms of large objects. A simplified version of OSH, known as non-diffractive optical scanning holography (ND-OSH), is presented. ND-OSH is similar in principle to OSH, but the complexity of the optical and electronic setups is reduced.

Keywords

Holographyphotographyoptical hologram recordingoff-axis hologramcomputer-generated holography (CGH) point-based methodlayer-based methodhologram reconstructiondigital hologram acquisition: off-axis amplitude-only hologramphase-shifting holography (PSH)optical scanning holography (OSH)non-diffractive optical scanning holography (ND-OSH).
Type
Chapter
Information
Computer-Generated Phase-Only Holograms for 3D Displays
A Matlab Approach
 , pp. 1 - 39
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Gabor, D., “Microscopy by reconstructed wave-fronts,” Proc. Royal Soc. London (A), Math. Phy. Sci., vol. 197, no. 1051, pp. 454–487 (1949).Google Scholar
Bragg, W.L., “Microscopy by reconstructed wave-fronts,” Nature, vol. 166, pp. 399–400 (1950).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hariharan, P., Optical Holography, 2nd edition (Cambridge University Press, 1996).Google Scholar
Goodman, J., Introduction to Fourier Optics, 3rd edition (Roberts and Company Publishers, 2004).Google Scholar
Denisyuk, Y.N., “On the reflection of optical properties of an object in a wave field of light scattered by it,” Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, vol. 144, no. 6, pp. 1275–1278 (1962).Google Scholar
Leith, E. and Upatnieks, J., “Reconstructed wavefronts and communication theory,” J. Opt. Soc. Am., vol. 52, pp. 1123–1130 (1962).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waters, J., “Three-dimensional Fourier-transform method for synthesizing binary holograms,” J. Opt. Soc. Am., vol. 58, pp. 1284–1288 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, B.R. and Lohmann, A.W., “Complex spatial filtering with binary mask,” Appl. Opt., vol. 5, pp. 967–969 (1966).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lohmann, A.W. and Paris, D.P., “Binary Fraunhofer holograms, generated by computer,” Appl. Opt., vol. 6, pp. 1739–1748 (1967).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, B.R. and Lohmann, A.W., “Computer-generated binary holograms,” IBM J. Res. Dev., vol. 13, pp. 160–168 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pan, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Li, X., and Jia, J., “Fast polygon-based method for calculating computer-generated holograms in three-dimensional display,” Appl. Opt., vol. 52, pp. A290–A299 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, J., Kim, S., Yeom, H., Kim, H., Zhang, H., Li, B., Ji, Y., Kim, S., and Ko, S., “Continuous shading and its fast update in fully analytic triangular-mesh-based computer generated hologram,” Opt. Express, vol. 23, pp. 33893–33901 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishi, H. and Matsushima, K., “Rendering of specular curved objects in polygon-based computer holography,” Appl. Opt., vol. 56, pp. F37–F44 (2017).Google Scholar
Waters, J.P.. “Holographic image synthesis utilizing theoretical methods,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 405–407 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J. and Chu, D., “Improved layer-based method for rapid hologram generation and real-time interactiveholographic display applications,” Opt. Express, vol. 23, pp. 18143–18155 (2015).Google Scholar
Chen, J.-S., Smithwick, Q., and Chu, D., “Implementation of shading effect for reconstruction of smooth layer-based 3D holographic images,” Proc. SPIE 8648, 86480 R (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J.-S., Chu, D., and Smithwick, Q., “Rapid hologram generation utilizing layer-based approach and graphic rendering for realistic three-dimensional image reconstruction by angular tiling,” J. Electron. Imaging, vol. 23, no. 2, 023016 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnars, U. and Jüptner, W.P.O., “Digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms,” Meas. Sci. Tech., vol. 13, no. 9, p. R85 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamaguchi, I. and Zhang, T., “Phase-shifting digital holography,” Opt. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 1268–1270 (1997).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Awatsuji, Y., Fujii, A., Kubota, T., and Matoba, O., “Parallel three-step phase-shifting digital holography,” Appl. Opt., vol. 45, pp. 2995–3002 (2006).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Awatsuji, Y., Tahara, T., Kaneko, A., Koyama, T., Nishio, K., Ura, S., Kubota, T., and Matoba, O., “Parallel two-step phase-shifting digital holography,” Appl. Opt., vol. 47, pp. D183–D189 (2008).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meng, X., Cai, L., Xu, X., Yang, X., Shen, X., Dong, G., and Wang, Y., “Two-step phase-shifting interferometry and its application in image encryption,” Opt. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 1414–1416 (2006).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, J.-P. and Poon, T., “Two-step-only quadrature phase-shifting digital holography,” Opt. Lett. vol. 34, pp. 250–252 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Awatsuji, Y., Sasada, M., and Kubota, T., “Parallel quasi-phase-shifting digital holography,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 85, pp. 1069–1071 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeon, S. Kim, D.-H., Park, N.-C., Park, Y.-P., and Park, K.-S., “Selective interpolation method for two-step parallel phase-shifting digital holography,” IEEE Trans. Mag., vol. 50, no. 7 (2014).Google Scholar
Xia, P., Shimozato, Y., Tahara, T., Kakue, T., Awatsuji, Y., Nishio, K., Ura, S., Kubota, T., and Matoba, O., “Image reconstruction algorithm for recovering high-frequency information in parallel phase-shifting digital holography,” Appl. Opt., vol. 52, pp. A210–A215 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xia, P., Awatsuji, Y., Nishio, K., Ura, S., and Matoba, O., “Parallel phase-shifting digital holography using spectral estimation technique,” Appl. Opt., vol. 53, pp. G123–G129 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fujii, M., “A4-sized parallel phase-shifting digital holography system,” J. Disp. Tech., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 132–137 (2014).Google Scholar
Fujii, M., Kakue, T., Ito, K., Tahara, T., Shimozato, Y., Awatsuji, Y., Ura, S., Nishio, K., Kubota, T., and Matoba, O., “Construction of a portable parallel phase-shifting digital holography system,” Opt. Eng., vol. 50, no. 9, 091304 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, M., Nitta, K., Matoba, O., and Awatsuji, Y., “Parallel phase-shifting digital holography with adaptive function using phase-mode spatial light modulator,” Appl. Opt., vol. 51, pp. 2633–2637 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poon, T.-C. and Korpel, A., “Optical transfer function of an acousto-optic heterodyning image processor,” Opt. Lett., vol. 4, pp. 317–319 (1979).Google Scholar
Poon, T.-C., Optical Scanning Holography with MATLAB (Springer, 2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsang, P.W.M. and Lam, H., “Holographic vision system based on non-diffractive optical scanning holography and deep learning,” SPIE/COS Photonics Asia 2019, Hangzhou, China (2019).Google Scholar
Tsang, P.W.M. and Poon, T.-C., “Non-diffractive optical scanning holography for hologram acquisition,” in Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging 2019 (Optical Society of America, 2019).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×