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Chapter 4 - Phenomenological Mesoscopic Models for Seizure Activity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 January 2023

By
Maria Luisa Saggio  and
Viktor K. Jirsa
Edited by
Rod C. Scott  and
J. Matthew Mahoney
Rod C. Scott
Affiliation:
University of Vermont
J. Matthew Mahoney
Affiliation:
University of Vermont
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Summary

Epilepsy is the most common of the chronic and severe neurological diseases. It affects 65 million people worldwide and is characterized by an augmented susceptibility to seizures. Seizures are “transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain” [1]. Current therapeutic strategies have the goal of suppressing or reducing the occurrence of seizures, thus being symptomatic rather than curative. There are no known therapies able to modify the evolution of acquired epilepsy, or to prevent its development. Furthermore, 25–40% of patients do not respond to pharmacological treatment, and this number stays unchanged when using new generation antiepileptic drugs as compared to established ones. For drug-resistant patients with focal epilepsy (an epilepsy in which seizures start in one hemisphere) there exists an alternative to medication: surgical resection of the brain regions involved in the generation of seizures, the epileptogenic zone, under the constraints of limiting post-surgical neurological impairments. Rates of success of brain surgery for epilepsy treatment vary between 34% and 74% as a function of the type of epilepsy. Outcomes are very variable, depend on the patient condition, and can change in time.

Type
Chapter
Information
A Complex Systems Approach to Epilepsy
Concept, Practice, and Therapy
 , pp. 41 - 60
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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